NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ESENVI30: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

ACTIVITY 1M

Submitted by:
Nasol, Dhenis Angelo M.
Section: [BSCE211D]

Submitted to:

ENGR. MA. KATHLEEN L. DURAN, CIE, AAE, CLSSGB

FACULTY

[December 11. 2023]

SCORE
I. INTRODUCTION

Sustainable Development Goal Number 6

The sixth sustainable development goals (SDG 6) which categorized as clean water
and sanitation provides safe quality of water and sanitation for all. As water is the
most important substance on earth, it is essential for the people to have enough
access to clean water and sanitation for their health, education, etc. This particular
sustainable development goal (SDG) focused not only for providing quality potable
water and quality of sanitation for the people but also managing the water resources
that are necessary for all living things on earth.

Sustainable Development Goal Number 7

Sustainable development goal number 7 (SDG 7) focuses on providing and

improving the energy in its higher level. As energy is essential for the entire world,
the SDG 7 ensures access to good and clean energy. It solves problems addressing
the energy deficiency. It expands the main objectives to infrastructures and
technology to provide proper, efficient and clean energy.

Sustainable Development Goal Number 9

The sustainable development goals number 9 (SDG 9) focuses on providing

sustainability in infrastructures, innovation and industry. These three matters will be
essential in developing modernization. The infrastructure will conquer the underlying
problem in structures and will establish safe and reliable buildings for the people.
The innovation will contribute in adapting to the technology which is crucial
nowadays. Industry is essential to the growth of the economy.

Sustainable Development Goal Number 11

Providing sustainability to the communities and cities is the primary goal of 11th
sustainable development goal (SDG 11). The unrbanization in the country is related
to its growing population. Therefore, providing a protected and safe community for all
is essential. SInce the urbanization will continue to rise, the community must be
ready for future development. Although, the urbnaization cannot be accomplished
with the short period of time, the main goal of this sdg is to contribute to slowly but
surely improvement of the communities and cities.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 12

As the urbanization strikes, the establishing resilient infrastructures and sustainable

environment will contradict. With this, proper consumption and production practices
are essential. This is what the 12th sustainable development goal (SDG 12) wants to
obtain. This will contribute to both the development of economics and the
environment.

Sustainable Development Goal Number 13

One of the devastating factors that affects the health of the people as well as the life
of the earth is climate change. We all know that this problem continues to be worse
due to different pollutants. The main reason why this factor continues to affect the
world is humans. The irresponsible segregation of wastes, unclean gases from
vehicles and factories, continues to cut trees and improper use of natural resources
causes the worsening of climate change. This is the factor that the 13th sustainable
development goal (SDG 13) aims to resolve.

Sustainable Development Goal Number 15

The 15th sustainable development goal (SDG 15) deals with life above land. Meaning it
ensures the sustainability and management of forests and green life. It maintains the quality
of soil, life of trees and the security of forests. As it is essential to the lifestyle of the people
since it serves as a barrier from typhoons and absorbs water to lessen the effects of flood to
the community. Also, it provides clean and safe air for all.

This activity aims to understand the different sustainable development goals and
their role and goals towards sustainable development. This task is to analyze two
different case studies that are related to SDG 6,7,9,11,12,13,and 15 since it is
relevant to Civil Engineering. These case studies must analyzed and determine its
key points, its relativity to the specific SDG and the program taken to these as well
as its effect on the environment and society.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 6

Case Study 1:
Linking Poverty with water and sanitation in targeting households for
achieving suitable development

The type of household is related to the quality of water and sanitation. The poverty
and the kind of their households has many sources of unsafe water. Another thing
that is concerning is to find out that almost 50% of the households of poor individuals
have no toilet facilities. Also, if there are toilet facilities in this kind of household, it is
not safe and has poor sanitation. This situation will put their health at risk.

Linking poverty to the quality of water and sanitation is an effective way to relate the
issue to the sustainable development goal number 6. Discussing this kind of matter
will help to conquer the reason for having a lack of secure and clean water as well as
the quality of sanitation. Addressing the type of households, especially the one who
belongs to poor individuals, is essential in considering the quality of water and
sanitation. It is true that living in poverty provides lower access to clean water and
sanitation since some of the households have no toilet facilities. This kind of issue
SDG 6 aims to solve based on its main objective.

Addressing this issue must be approached in different actions. Free sanitation and
quality of water for the poor individuals are essential. The people that have the
power to govern must prioritize the poor people in need and supply them with proper
sanitation facilities and clean water. In addition, regular check up for their health and
examining the quality of water to ensure its safeness must be implemented. These
actions and programs will put the community’s health in a safe level. Also, it is a
great milestone in achieving the objective of the SDG 6.
 Case Study 2:
Sustainable Water Security Based on the SDG Framework: A Case Study
of the 2019 Metro Manila Water Crisis

It is alarming to find out that the nation’s water security and quality are placed 33rd
out of 48 Asian countries. In fact, a water crisis occurs in 2019 that affects 6 million
Filipino individuals and over thousands of households in Metro Manila due to lack of
clean water supply. This crisis is the result of different factors. Mismanaged water
projects is one of the causes of this issue because of poor quality of management of
the main water supplier in Metro Manila which is the Manila Water Company. Also,
climate change must be considered as a reason for this crisis. Due to the continuous
worsening of climate change, it affects the amount of water supply.

The sixth sustainable development goal which aims to provide clean water and
sanitation can be related to this topic. The water crisis that occurs in Metro Manila is
one of the problems that the SDG 6 aims to solve. Furthermore, the effect of this
problem will be worse if it is not cured immediately with proper action and approach.
In this situation, the health of individuals is at risk. Preventing it to happen is one of
the objectives of SDG 6 that I want to accomplish.

This water crisis needs to be resolved. Although the causes are difficult to conquer, it
can be avoided. The water systems must be improved to sustain the effect of climate
change. It must be sustainable, reliable and resilient in order to be more safe and
enhance the water supply. Also, establishing effective planning for the development
of the environment, society and infrastructures is needed to ensure a secure supply
of clean water. Lastly, it is also important to consider how to prevent the effect of
climate change in the quality and supply of the water by supporting organizations
that are willing to fund for the development of water mobilization in the country.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 7

Case Study 1:
Increasing Access to Clean Cooking in the Philippines: Challenges and
Prospects

Accessing clean energy can be seen in households' cooking methods. In the country,
the traditional cooking methods are still used in households such as the open fire
cooking method and the use of traditional cooking fuels. This method is one of the
reasons for air pollution. As a result, based on a report, from the year 2000 up to
2018, the country obtained only less than 10% of progress in accessing clean energy.
It is alarming and a serious problem having a slow progress rate in acquiring clean
energy because it affects the environment and community safety.

As the sustainable development goal number 7 (SDG 7) aims to provide affordable

and clean energy, this matter is related to it as the Filipinos way of cooking uses
unclean energy for traditional cooking fuels. The slow progress rate of acquiring
clean energy is contradicting the main objective of the SDG 7. Also, the community
will be unsafe if acquiring unclean energy continues. As a consequence, the
country’s rate of progress will still be slow. The key factor is to approach the issue
effectively and apply preventive measures in addressing this matter.

First, in order to conquer this problem, the reason why people keep using traditional
cooking methods even if they are not accessing clean energy is the lack of
understanding must be handled. Implementing programs that will make the people
realize that their way of cooking is unsafe is a great start to cope with this problem.
Also, transforming a healthy community together with clean energy in the people’s
lifestyle will be gained if the cooking quality is improved. These actions are related to
the SDG’s goal and want to achieve. With this, the progress rate of the nation in
accessing affordable and clean energy will improve.
 Case Study 2:
Public Perception of Renewable Energy in the Philippines

The economy and population of the Philippines is increasing and growing. It results
in a lack of supply of energy to the country since the source of fossil fuel is limited.
But, having a limited source of fossil fuel, the country has a potential in acquiring
renewable energy. In fact, the Philippines was the first country that passed a law
about renewable energy among South East Asian countries. A survey was
conducted to determine the perception of the people in expanding the use of
renewable energy to the country.

This study examines how people react to the development of renewable energy in
the country. It is related to the objective of the 7th sustainable development goal
(SDG 7) which is to ensure the access of affordable and clean energy. Years from
now, the source of fossil fuels will have a chance to exhaust and lead to insufficient
energy supply. In this situation, SDG 7 will take part. Its goal will contribute to the
expanding of renewable energy in the country.

Instead of relying on the limited source of fossil fuels, the country must focus their
attention on expanding and developing renewable energy. The survey serves as the
basis about the perception of the people toward this matter. Although, most of the
people agreed in expanding the use of renewable energy, there’s still a percentage
of individuals who want to stick to using fossil fuels. In order to encourage all the
people, the knowledge of what renewable energy can offer must be provided to the
people. Also, focusing on the claims and concerns to provide proper approach is a
great action toward success. Expansion of renewable energy will be the solution to
the lack of energy supply due to the increasing population and growing economy of
the country.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 9

Case Study 1:
Land Use Land Cover Classification and Changes: A Case Study in San Mateo,
Isabela

From 2014 up to 2019, the land use and cover has changed. This is a result of
urbanization that leads to turning land areas into infrastructures. Aside from that,
agriculture also experienced changes due to the effect of climate. It is essential to
tackle this kind of matter because land use and cover plays an important role in
development planning. So, to ensure the quality and safe designs and plans,
monitoring the changes in the land use and cover must be done.
.
This topic is related to the SDG 9 since it focused on industry, innovation and
infrastructure. As the land use and cover is crucial in monitoring and designing, the
SDG 9 also aims to investigate the possible changes and its causes. This kind of
discussion will help to provide innovations, industry and infrastructure sustainability.
Take note that, the land use and cover is considered in establishing development
planning. Align with this, ensuring the land’s quality is a must.

In order to accomplish the objective of the study, a comparison using satellite images
from 2014 to 2019 was used. This action serves as the basis on the changes in land
use and cover. It has been effective since it reveals different land issues within that 5
year span. With this, an accountable and reliable plan and interpretation was made.
It also acts as a monitor to know what is happening in our land use and cover that
the people and community will benefit.
 Case Study 2:
Implementation Of the Infrastructure Development Program in the City Maasin,
Southern Leyte: A Case Study

Growing population and economy of the Philippines, infrastructure development is

needed. Align with this, effective development planning is essential. In order to
accomplish this project, the important aspects must be considered. This study aims
to examine the knowledge of the 14 sectors that can contribute as well as the action
they can offer and help. It is important to know if the key sectors such as the Local
Government Unit (LGU) are agreeing and willing to contribute to the development of
infrastructure in Maasin City, Southern Leyte.

Developing and improving the infrastructure in Maasin City, Southern Leyte enters
the main objective of the 9th sustainable development goal (SDG 9). As it aims to
provide sustainable infrastructures as well as innovation and industry, this project
helps to accomplish what it's target. Developing and implementing infrastructure
development is critical. Many aspects must be considered such as funding, proper
development planning, etc. But, both the economy and people will benefit from this
kind of program.

A survey was conducted to determine the hindrance in implementing the project and
what sector is in favor of the program. IN this way, the point of view of different
sectors is a key factor in pursuing the program. Upon survey, the LGU offered their
loyalty and perseverance to help in developing infrastructure in their area. The LGU
together with the public help, this program was implemented. However, there are
some challenges that hinder the process such as financial. But, the study shows
that even though the process experienced different challenges, the program was
successfully implemented. Both the economy and the community benefit from this
development program for infrastructure.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 11

Case Study 1:
Iloilo City Traffic Discipline Zone (TDZ) Phase 1

The Iloilo City contributes to urbanization as it is one of the municipalities that is

centered on industry, education, etc. Therefore, it is important to them to guarantee
the safety of the people and environment. Providing a safe and healthy community
for the people is their priority. In order to reach this objective, the municipality plans
to develop traffic discipline and improve the quality of traffic in their area. This will
prevent possible conflict in the transportation.

Ensuring a better transportation system and safe roads can be linked to one of the
objectives of the 11th sustainable development goal (SDG 11). Transportation is one
of the important aspects in having a safe community. Improving cities and the
communities need reliable and sustainable transportation.The challenges in this
matter must be resolved through the contribution of the SDG and proper planning.
To improve the community and city safety and health, a transportation system must
be also developed.

To accomplish this objective, the municipality proposed a project called “Traffic

Discipline Zone Phase 1). It includes actions and plans to ensure the development of
the traffic system as well as the road safety. In this project, the main target is the
main road in the municipality that is used in travelling to new entrepreneurs up to its
airport. Also, the use of technology is included in this program. It will help to monitor
the activities happening on the road. The TDZ Phase 1, will contribute to the
improvement of the community's safety and avoid crimes and accidents as it will use
technology.
 Case Study 2:
Support in the Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and Solid
Waste Management (SWM) Equipment

To begin with, the waste from different products has affected the environment
negatively if the people mishandle it. This study focuses on limiting the amount of
solid waste accumulating in the sanitary landfill. This will help to reduce the waste
and recycle it instead. Since the amount of solid waste stored in the final place
dispersal may contribute to different problems such as climate change. It is important
to handle the waste properly and be a responsible citizen.

Taking an action to reduce solid waste is beneficial to the environment and

communities. Therefore, it can be related to the goal of SDG 11 which is to prove
safe and sustainable community and city. Effects of different problems can be lessen
because of this action. Proper disposal of solid waste improve the community’s
health. Therefore, the people will also benefit from this program.

For this matter, a proper approach must take place. The Local Government Unit
(LGU) extended their hand to help. They provide material and equipment that can be
needed in reducing the solid waste in sanitary landfills. The Materials Recovery
Facilities (MRF) and Solid Waste Management (SWM) takes action to handle the
solid waste properly. Solid waste that can be recycled is turned into plastic chairs
and the biodegradable turns into fertilizer. This helps both the economy, community
and the environment. The recycled materials can be sold again, the community will
be secured about health issues and the environment will benefit in such a way that
the other waste turns into fertilizer and reducing solid waste lessens the worsening of
climate change.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 12

Case Study 1:
Developing an Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and Production in the
Philippines

The growing population and rapid urbanization affects the supply of natural
resources since it higher the demands. Also, the effects of improper waste
management triggers the consumption of natural resources in the country. This will
lead to a lack of natural resources in the country. With this, a wide change must be
done to lessen the impact of excessive and wrong consumption of natural resources.
Ensuring the security and sustainability of the natural resource present in the country,
the proper consumption and production must be monitored.

Having these kinds of challenges about improper consumption and production of

natural resources due to different reasons, the 12th sustainable development goal
(SDG 12) will take place. This part is their main objective to provide for all. It must be
considered that natural resources are not unlimited. It can be run off if improper
consumption continues. In this kind of issue, both the environmental and economic
sectors are affected. But, it can lessen the effect if a proper action will be taken.

Solving this issue, National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) proposed
a program entitled “AmBisyon Natin 2040” which focuses on providing secure and
healthy living 17 years from now. It aims to conquer the challenges and achieve
improvement in consumption and production of the natural resource in the country.
Different ways to be considered in order to successfully implement this program.
Changing the perception and treatment of both consumer and producer will help to
achieve the objective successfully. This will help the natural resources be more
efficient and secured.
 Case Study 2:
Developing an Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP)
in the Philippines

Having slow progress in the economy of the Philippines, the different sectors are
affected. The proper consumption and production is critical in terms of maintaining
the sustainability of the environment. Different design and approach of consumption
and production in the country. This study investigates how the country approaches
consumption and production and its consequences in both the environment and
economic sector. It examines if the consumption and production in the country is
sustainable.

To achieve a sustainable environment and community, the proper consumption and

production must be reliable and resilient. This matter is related to the primary
objective of sustainable development goal number 12 (SDG 12) which ensures
responsible consumption and production with the country. Since this matter is crucial,
the influence of SDG 12 will help to promote responsible consumption as well as
production in both consumer and producer. The Sustainable Consumption and
Production (SCP)takes part in maintaining the proper pattern in consumption and
production in the country. This will help to achieve the primary goal of SDG 12.

In order to achieve responsible consumption and production, its pattern must be

considered. A study was conducted to address this matter. It examines the way of
consumption and production in the country. The Philippines establishes laws for the
environment that are not completely implemented due to weak enforcement. With
this, improving and developing responsible consumption and production in the
country is badly needed to ensure sustainable development.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 13

Case Study 1:
Adapting to Climate Change: A Case Study among the Upland Communities of
Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines

As the Philippines is known as one of the countries that are prone to natural
catastrophe, it is important to talk about the main cause of it, the climate change.
Everyone knows that climate change really affects the environment as well as the
lifestyle on earth. This study focuses on investigating the point of view of the
residents of Nueva Vizcaya about climate change and its effect. This intent is to
know the opinion of the people on how they lessen the effect of climate change. It is
important to talk about this matter in order to ensure that climate change is taken
seriously by the people.

It is important to take an action to fight and lessen the effect of climate change as the
study aims to accomplish. This matter is connected to the objective of the 13th
sustainable development goal (SDG 13). Sustainable development will be
accomplished if the effect of climate change is lessened. But, improper action may
lead to worsening of this crisis. With that, as per SDG 13, an effective approach must
be done that leads to lessen the effect of climate change.

As mentioned in the previous paragraph, proper actions must be done. In the study,
the survey aims to know the awareness of the people about the effect of climate
change and their knowledge on how they lessen its effect. As per the answer of the
respondent in Nueva Vizcaya, the effect of climate change is getting worse.
According to them, extreme floods, strong typhoons, Lack of water supply and
extreme heat are its effects. Also, according to them, in order to lessen the effect,
planting more trees is essential. This will be protection in typhoons and floods as well
as to provide clean air.
 Case Study 2:
Balanga Climate Change Research and Action Center

Like other municipalities, the city of Balanga is also affected by climate change. The
Balanga Climate Change Research and Action Center is focusing on coping with the
challenges caused by climate change. This municipality is vulnerable to a serious
environmental crisis due to this climate change. It includes rising temperature, floods,
landslides, and typhoons that affect the people and economy in the area. This led to
sufferings of the people.

Approaching this matter is relevant to the objective of 13th sustainable development

goal (SDG 13) which aims to fight the effect of climate change. Facing different
challenges really affects the people and economy. This crisis gives people hardship
as climate change affects their means of living such as farms. Also, their health is at
risk as people are prone to different illnesses such as flu. With the support from the
SDG 13 and public help, the effect of this crisis will be lessened.

Addressing this issue, action to be done is critical. It can lessen the effect of climate
change but it can also be worse. In this study, several coping mechanisms were
planned. It includes setting a campaign and program about promoting climate
change practices in order to provide knowledge to the people on what they need to
do and avoid in fighting climate change. Also, developing action plans and programs
such as using renewable energy. The Balanga Climate Change Research and Action
Center, also provides preventing action addressing the crisis. With this, it ensures
the less effect of climate change and promotes sustainability to the community.
Sustainable Development Goal Number 15

Case Study 1:
Understanding the Role of Forests in Supporting Livelihoods and Climate Resilience:
Case Studies in the Philippines

To start with, we all know that the forest is very important to us. It helps us in many
ways and saves us from different natural calamities. This study focuses on how
important the forest is to the environment. It also tackles on what it can provide in
livelihood development. Also, it investigates the positive effect of the forest
addressing the natural calamities facing by the community.

It is relevant to what the 15th sustainable development goal (SDG 15) wants to
accomplish. It is necessary to know the important role of the forest in both
environment and people. This kind of study will promote sustainability to the
ecosystem and maintain the health of our forest. But, there are factors that hinder
this goal such as climate change. In this study, the main hindrance to achieving
sustainable forest life is the effect of climate change but it will also make the people
realize the true role of the forest.

Knowing that climate change really affects livelihoods, forest has a huge impact on
lessening it. Based on a study, the government started their action addressing this
issue. They ensure to promote resilient action towards saving and maintaining the
health of forest knowing its role in the ecosystem. This will lead to more sustainable
forest life in the country. With this, both the economy and people will benefit from this
as it will serve as a barrier for natural calamity and lessen the impact of the effect of
climate change.
 Case Study 2:
Community - based management of mangrove forest - A case study in the Philippines

Mangrove forest is well known and well recognized. Being exposed to the public, it is
prone to sustainable issues. With this, proper maintenance is essential. But,
maintaining the sustainability of its ecosystem cannot be accomplished using proper
guidelines only. This is the main focus why this study was conducted. It aims to
maintain the quality of forest life of the mangrove.

It is related to the main objective of the 15th sustainable development goal (SDG 15).
Addressing issues like this matter helps the life of the forest more sustainably.
Although solving challenges toward this goal is hard to conquer, it is essential or else
the environment, economy, and people will suffer. Proper actions must be prepared
and implemented. As per SDG 15, life on land is one of the important sectors to
develop sustainability.

In order to conquer the challenges that are facing toward this goal, an effective
approach to the issue is needed. According to the study, proper guidelines are not
enough to secure the safety of mangrove forests. The important thing to implement
is the proper understanding of the ecosystems' state. Also, the people’s behavior
towards maintaining the healthy life of the mangrove is essential. This will help to
access sustainable development in the area of the mangrove and provide for the
people’s needs.
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