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    Hydraulic Fracturing

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    Ryan Permana
    The document discusses hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques used in shale gas and tight oil development. It provides information on conventional vs non-conventional resources, major shale basins worldwide, factors influencing shale development like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, and the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluids.

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    Hydraulic Fracturing

    Uploaded by

    Ryan Permana
    44 views15 pages
    The document discusses hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques used in shale gas and tight oil development. It provides information on conventional vs non-conventional resources, major shale basins worldwide, factors influencing shale development like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, and the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluids.

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    The document discusses hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques used in shale gas and tight oil development. It provides information on conventional vs non-conventional resources, major shale basins worldwide, factors influencing shale development like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, and the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views15 pages

    Hydraulic Fracturing

    Uploaded by

    Ryan Permana
    The document discusses hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques used in shale gas and tight oil development. It provides information on conventional vs non-conventional resources, major shale basins worldwide, factors influencing shale development like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, and the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Hydraulic

    Fracturing
    Well Drilling Methods
     Vertical
     Directional
     Horizontal
    (steerable bits)
    Conventional vs. Non-Conventional Resources

    Conventional reservoirs: Non-conventional reservoirs:


     Younger, fractured sandstones and  Typically older, compacted non-fractured
    carbonates with higher permeabilities formations having undergone
    (100 to 1,000 millidarcy) cementation/ recrystallization with very
    low permeabilities (microdarcies to 3
     Initial production usually “driven” by millidarcy)
    natural reservoir pressure
     Shale gas and shale oil formations
     Coal bed methane
    Major Shale Basins Worldwide
    Major U.S. Shale Plays
    Natural Gas Supply Trends

    50%
    5%

    74%
    Two Primary Factors Influencing Shale Gas
    Development (and some types of oil)
     Horizontal drilling technology
     Horizontal laterals extending 4,000’ to 10,000’
     Often perpendicular to natural vertical fracture orientation

     High volume, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing operations


     6 to 12 frac “stages”
     Cumulative frac fluid volume per well can be greater than 8
    million gallons of water

    The goal is to maximize reservoir contact by exposing vast quantities


    of surface area within the shale target by creating/interconnecting
    hydraulic and natural fractures.
    What is HF and Why is it Used?

     Creates numerous “pathways” or “conduits” through


    the producing formation to enhance the flow of oil
    or gas into the wellbore.
     Usually performed initially when the well is
    completed and equipped for initial production.
     It increases the production of oil and gas from a well.
    Hydraulic fracturing has increased U.S. recoverable
    reserves of oil by at least 30% and of gas by 90%.
    Fractured vs. Non-fractured well
    High Volume Multi-Stage Frac
    Horizontal Shale Gas Wells and “Multi-Stage” Fracs
    Always
    Typical Frac
    Additives Most important additive after water
    Typical Composition of Hydraulic
    Fracturing Fluid

    Sand
    11.120%
    Other
    0.540%

    Other Components

    pH Adjusting Breaker, 0.010%


    Agent, 0.030%
    Crosslinker, 0.007%
    Scale
    Inhibiter, Iron Control, 0.004%
    Water 0.039% Corrosion Inhibiter,
    88.340% 0.002%
    Gel, 0.056%

    Biocide, 0.001%

    Surfactant, 0.060% Dilute Acid (15%),


    0.123%

    Oxygen Scavenger,
    0.060%

    Friction Reducer,
    0.088%
    KCl, 0.060%
    Schematic of Horizontal Well & HF
    Steps in Operating a Well
    Management of Other Gathering, Treatment, and
    Wastes Processing Facilities
    Management of Fluids
    Establishing Division
    of Interest
    Hydraulic Fracturing Operation and
    Production of the Well

    Well Completion Payment and Distribution of


    Royalties

    Drilling

    Data Gathering and


    Resource Assessment

    Site Preparation and


    Construction Leasing or Acquisition
    of Rights

    Permitting and
    Scheduling and Contracting Well Planning and Design Authorizations

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