Trigonometric Formulas: Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10, 11 & 12

Before getting into the trigonometric formula list, let us consider the following right-angled triangle:

As you can see, the three sides of the triangle are:

a. Base: The side that is horizontal to the plane.

b. Perpendicular: The side making an angle of 90 degree with the Base.

c. Hypotenuse: The longest side of the triangle.

Also, θθ is the angle made by Hypotenuse and Base.

Then,
Perpendicular
sine of angle θθ = sin θ sinθ = Hypotenuse
PerpendicularHypotenuse

Base
cosine of angle θθ = cos θ cosθ = Hypotenuse
BaseHypotenuse

Perpendicular
tangent of angle θθ = tan θ tanθ = PerpendicularBase
Base

Base
cotangent of angle θθ = cot θ cotθ = Perpendicular
BasePerpendicular

Hypotenuse
cosecant of angle θθ = cosecθ cosecθ = HypotenusePerpendicular
Perpendicular

Hypotenuse
secant of angle θθ = sec θ secθ = Base
HypotenuseBase

Note that, sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant, and secant are called Trigonometric Functions that defines the relationship
between the sides and angles of the triangle.

Reciprocal Relationship Between Trigonometric Functions

The reciprocal relationship between different Trigonometric Functions are as under:

1 sin θ
tan θ tanθ = cot θ
1cotθ = cos θ sinθcosθ

1 cos θ
cot θ cotθ = tan θ
1tanθ = sin θ cosθsinθ

1
cosecθ cosecθ = sin θ
1sinθ

1
sec θsecθ = cos θ
1cosθ

Trigonometric Ratios Of Complementary Angles

First Quadrant

sin(π/2− θθ) = cos θ cosθ

cos(π/2− θθ) = sin θ sinθ

tan(π/2− θθ) = cot θ cotθ

cot(π/2− θθ) = tan θ tanθ

sec(π/2− θθ) = cosec θθ

cosec(π/2− θθ) = sec θsecθ

Second Quadrant

sin(π− θθ) = sin θ sinθ

cos(π− θθ) = - cos θ cosθ

tan(π− θθ) = - tan θ tanθ

cot(π− θθ) = - cot θ cotθ

sec(π− θθ) = -sec θθ

cosec(π− θθ) = cosec θθ

Third Quadrant

sin(π+ θθ) = - sin θ sinθ

cos(π+ θθ) = - cos θ cosθ

tan(π+ θθ) = tan θ tanθ

cot(π+ θθ) = cot θ cotθ

sec(π+ θθ) = -sec θθ

cosec(π+ θθ) = -cosec θθ

 Fourth Quadrant

sin(2π− θθ) = - sin θ sinθ

cos(2π− θθ) = cos θ cosθ

tan(2π− θθ) = - tan θ tanθ

cot(2π− θθ) = - cot θ cotθ

sec(2π− θθ) = sec θθ

cosec(2π− θθ) = -cosec θθ

Periodicity Identities
sin(2nπ + θθ) = sin θ sinθ

cos(2nπ + θθ) = cos θ cosθ

tan(2nπ + θθ) = tan θ tanθ

cot(2nπ + θθ) = cot θ cotθ

sec(2nπ + θθ) = sec θsecθ

cosec(2nπ + θθ) = cosec θθ

Trigonometry Table
Trigonometry table is a table that you can refer to for the values of trigonometric ratios of different angles. Below is the table for
trigonometry formulas of different angles which are commonly used for solving various problems.

Angles (In Degrees) 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°

Angles (In Radians) 0° π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π

sin 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1 0 -1 0

cos 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0 -1 0 1

tan 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞ 0 ∞ 0

cot ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0 ∞ 0 ∞

cosec ∞ 2 √2 2/√3 1 ∞ -1 ∞

sec 1 2/√3 √2 2 ∞ -1 ∞ 1

CHECK OUT THE COMPLETE TRIGONOMETRY TABLE FROM HERE

Trigonometric Identities
sin 2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 sin2θ+cos2θ=1

tan 2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ tan2θ+1=sec2θ

cot 2 θ + 1 = cosec2 θ cot2θ+1=cosec2θ

Sign Of Trigonometric Functions
sin(−θ) = − sin θ sin(−θ)=−sinθ

cos(−θ) = cos θ cos(−θ)=cosθ

tan(−θ) = − tan θ tan(−θ)=−tanθ

cosec(−θ) = −cosecθ cosec(−θ)=−cosecθ

sec(−θ) = sec θ sec(−θ)=secθ

cot(−θ) = − cot θ cot(−θ)=−cotθ

Trigonometric Functions Of Sum And Difference Of Two Angles

sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB

sin(A − B) = sin A cos B– cos A sin B sin(A−B)=sinAcosB–cosAsinB

cos(A + B) = cos A cos B– sin A sin B cos(A+B)=cosAcosB–sinAsinB

cos(A– B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B cos(A–B)=cosAcosB+sinAsinB

tan A+tan B
tan(A + B) = 1–tan A tan B
tan(A+B)=tanA+tanB1–tanAtanB

tan A–tan B
tan(A– B) = 1+tan A tan B
tan(A–B)=tanA–tanB1+tanAtanB

Trigonometry Formulas Involving Product Identities

1
sin A sin B = 2
[cos(A– B) − cos(A + B)] sinA sinB=12[cos(A–B)−cos(A+B)]

1
cos A cos B = 2
[cos(A– B) + cos(A + B)] cosAcosB=12[cos(A–B)+cos(A+B)]

1
sin A cos B = 2
[sin(A + B) + sin(A − B)] sinAcosB=12[sin(A+B)+sin(A−B)]

1
cos A sin B = 2
[sin(A + B)– sin(A − B)] cosAsinB=12[sin(A+B)–sin(A−B)]

Trigonometry Formulas Involving Sum To Product Identities

sin A + sin B = 2 sin( A+B

2
) cos( A−B
2
) sinA+sinB=2sin(A+B2)cos(A−B2)

sin A − sin B = 2 cos( A+B

2
) sin( A−B
2
) sinA−sinB=2cos(A+B2)sin(A−B2)

cos A + cos B = 2 cos( A+B

2
) cos( A−B
2
) cosA+cosB=2cos(A+B2)cos(A−B2)

cos A − cos B =– 2 sin( A+B

2
) sin( A−B
2
) cosA−cosB=–2sin(A+B2)sin(A−B2)

Trigonometry Formulas Involving Double Angle Identities

 2 tan A
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A = 1+tan 2 A
sin2A=2sinAcosA=2tanA1+tan2A

1−tan 2 A
cos 2A = cos2 A– sin 2 A = 1– 2sin 2 A = 2cos 2 A– 1 = cos2A=cos2A–sin2A=1–2sin2A=2cos2A–1=1−tan2A1+tan2A
1+tan 2 A

2 tan A
tan 2A = 1–tan 2 A
tan2A=2tanA1–tan2A

Trigonometry Formulas Involving Triple Angle Identities

sin 3A = 3 sin A– 4 sin 3 A = 4 sin(60∘ − A). sin A. sin(60∘ + A) sin3A=3sinA–4sin3A=4sin(60∘−A).sinA.sin(60∘+A)

cos 3A = 4 cos3 A– 3 cos A = 4 cos(60∘ − A). cos A. cos(60∘ + A) cos3A=4cos3A–3cosA=4cos(60∘−A).cosA.cos(60∘+A)

3 tan A–tan 3 A
tan 3A = = tan(60∘ − A). tan A. tan(60∘ + A) tan3A=3tanA–tan3A1−3tan2A=tan(60∘−A).tanA.tan(60∘+A)
1−3 tan 2 A

Trigonometry Formulas Involving Half Angle Identities

−1−cos
−−−−A−
A
sin 2
= ±√ 2
sinA2=±1−cosA2

−1+cos
−−−−A−
A
cos 2
= ±√ 2
cosA2=±1+cosA2

−−−−−−
1−cos(A)
tan( A2 ) = √ 1+cos(A)
tan(A2)=1−cos(A)1+cos(A)

−−−−−−
1−cos(A)
tan( A2 ) = √ 1+cos(A)
tan(A2)=1−cos(A)1+cos(A)=(1−cos(A))(1−cos(A))(1+cos(A))(1−cos(A))=(1−cos(A))21−cos2(A)=(1−cos(A))2sin2(A)=1−cos(A)sin(A) So, tan
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
(1−cos(A))(1−cos(A))
=√ (1+cos(A))(1−cos(A))
−−−−−−−2−
(1−cos(A))
=√ 1−cos2 (A)
−−−−−−−2−
(1−cos(A))
=√ sin 2 (A)
1−cos(A)
= sin(A)

Trigonometry Formulas: Inverse Properties

θ = sin −1 (x) is equivalent to x = sin θ θ=sin−1(x)isequivalenttox=sinθ

θ = cos−1 (x) is equivalent to x = cos θ θ=cos−1(x)isequivalenttox=cosθ

θ = tan −1 (x) is equivalent to x = tan θ θ=tan−1(x)isequivalenttox=tanθ

sin(sin −1 (x)) = x sin(sin−1(x))=x

cos(cos−1 (x)) = x cos(cos−1(x))=x

tan(tan −1 (x)) = x tan(tan−1(x))=x

sin −1 (sin(θ)) = θ sin−1(sin(θ))=θ

cos−1 (cos(θ)) = θ cos−1(cos(θ))=θ

tan −1 (tan(θ)) = θ tan−1(tan(θ))=θ

Given below are some more inverse trigonometry formulas

 -1 -1
sin (-x) = – sin x

cos -1 (-x) = – sin -1 x

-1 -1
tan (-x) = – tan x

cosec -1 (-x) = – cosec -1 x

-1 -1
sec (-x) = – sec x

cot -1 (-x) = – cot -1 x

-1 -1
sin (1/x) = cosec x

cos -1 (1/x) = sec -1 x

-1 -1
tan (1/x) = cot x

tan -1 (1/x) = cot -1 x

-1 -1
sin (x) + cos (x) = π/2

tan -1 (x) + cot -1 (x) = π/2

-1 -1
sec (x) + cosec (x) = π/2

Inverse Trigonometry Substitution

Expression Substitution Identity

√a 2 − x 2 x = a sin θ 1 – sin 2 θ = cos 2 θ

√a 2 + x 2 x = a tan θ 1 – tan 2 θ = sec 2 θ

√x 2 − a 2 x = a sec θ sec 2 θ – 1 = tan 2 θ

Formula Of Trigonometry: Some Important Trigonometry Questions

You can check some important questions on trigonometry and trigonometry all formula from below:

1. Find cos X and tan X if sin X = 2/3

2. In a given triangle LMN, with a right angle at M, LN + MN = 30 cm and LM = 8 cm. Calculate the values of
sin L, cos L, and tan L.

3. Calculate the value of sec A if (1 + cos A) (1 – cos A) = 2/3

4. Calculate the value of tan X + cot Y if sin (X + Y) = 1 and tan (X – Y) = 1/√3

5. Prove that tan 3x tan 2 tan = tan 3x – tan 2 – tan

6. Calculate general solution of the equation: tan 2 θ +(2 – √6) tan θ – √2 = 0

7. In a triangle, the length of the two larger sides are 12 cm and 7 cm, respectively. If the angles of the
triangle are in arithmetic progression, then what is the length of the third side in cm?

8. Prove the equation: sin -1 (23) – sin -1 (9/12) = cos -1 (80/90)

9. Calculate the value of sec -1 (1/2) + 2 cosec -1 (1/2)