Iit Jee TRIGNOMETRY FORMULAS2.0

TRIGNOMETRY FORMULAS & IDENTITIES:-
ABOUT TRIGNOMETRY:-
trigonometry, Mathematical discipline dealing

with the relationships between the sides and
angles of triangles. Literally, it means triangle
measurement, though its applications extend far
beyond geometry. It emerged as a rigorous
discipline in the 15th century, when the demand
for accurate surveying techniques and
navigational methods led to its use for the
“solution” of right triangles, or the calculation of
the lengths of two sides of a right triangle given
one of its acute angles and the length of one
side. The solution can be found by using ratios in
the form of the trigonometric functions.
Basic Trigonometric Function Formulas:
There are basically 6 ratios used for nding the

elements in Trigonometry. They are called trigonometric
functions. The six trigonometric functions are sine,
cosine, secant, cosecant, tangent and cotangent.
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By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the

trigonometric functions and identities are derived:
• sin θ = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse
• cos θ = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse
• tan θ = Opposite Side/Adjacent Side
• sec θ = Hypotenuse/Adjacent Side
• cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Opposite Side
• cot θ = Adjacent Side/Opposite Side
Reciprocal Identities:
The Reciprocal Identities are given as:
• cosec θ = 1/sin θ
• sec θ = 1/cos θ
• cot θ = 1/tan θ
• sin θ = 1/cosec θ
• cos θ = 1/sec θ
• tan θ = 1/cot θ
Trigonometry Table:
Below is the table for trigonometry formulas for angles
that are commonly used for solving problems.
Angles (In 0 30 45 60 90 18 27 36
Degrees) ° ° ° ° ° 0° 0° 0°
Angles (In 0 π/6 π/4 π/3 π/ π 3π/ 2π
Radians) 2 2
sin 0 1/2 1/ √3/ 1 0 -1 0
√2 2
cos 1 √3/ 1/ 1/2 0 -1 0 1
2 √2
tan 0 1/ 1 √3 ∞ 0 ∞ 0
√3
cot ∞ √3 1 1/ 0 ∞ 0 ∞
√3
cosec ∞ 2 √2 2/ 1 ∞ -1 ∞
√3
sec 1 2/ √2 2 ∞ -1 ∞ 1
√3
Periodicity Identities (in Radians):
These formulas are used to shift the angles by π/2, π,

2π, etc. They are also called co-function identities.
• sin (π/2 – A) = cos A & cos (π/2 – A) = sin A

• sin (π/2 + A) = cos A & cos (π/2 + A) = – sin A
• sin (3π/2 – A) = – cos A & cos (3π/2 – A) = – sin
A
• sin (3π/2 + A) = – cos A & cos (3π/2 + A) = sin A
• sin (π – A) = sin A & cos (π – A) = – cos A
• sin (π + A) = – sin A & cos (π + A) = – cos A
• sin (2π – A) = – sin A & cos (2π – A) = cos A
• sin (2π + A) = sin A & cos (2π + A) = cos A
Cofunction Identities (in Degrees):

The co-function or periodic identities can also be
represented in degrees as:
• sin(90°−x) = cos x
• cos(90°−x) = sin x
• tan(90°−x) = cot x
• cot(90°−x) = tan x
• sec(90°−x) = cosec x
• cosec(90°−x) = sec x
Sum & Difference Identities:
• sin(x+y) = sin(x)cos(y)+cos(x)sin(y)
• cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y)–sin(x)sin(y)
• Tan(x+y) = tanx+tany/1-tanx*tany
• Tan(x-y) = tanx-tany/1+tanx*tany
• sin(x–y) = sin(x)cos(y)–cos(x)sin(y)
• cos(x–y) = cos(x)cos(y) + sin(x)sin(y)
•
Double Angle Identities:
1- Sin(2x) = 2Sinx*cosx=2tanx/1+tan2x
2-Cos(2x) = cos2x-sin2x=1-tan2x/1+tan2x
3-cos(2x) = 2cos2(x)−1 = 1–2sin2(x)
4-Tan(2x) = 2tanx/1-tan2x
5-Sec(2x) = sec2x/2-sec2x
6-Cosec(2x) = secx*cosecx/2
Triple Angle Identities:
• Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin3x

• Cos 3x = 4cos3x-3cos x
• Tan(3x)= 3tanx-tan3x/1-3tan2x
INVERSE TRIGNOMETRY FORMULAS:
Inverse Trigonometry Formulas:
• sin-1 (–x) = – sin-1 x
• cos-1 (–x) = π – cos-1 x
• tan-1 (–x) = – tan-1 x
• cosec-1 (–x) = – cosec-1 x
• sec-1 (–x) = π – sec-1 x
• cot-1 (–x) = π – cot-1 x
Functions Domain Range
Sin-1 x [-1, 1] [-π/2, π/2]
Cos-1x [-1, 1] [0, π/2]
Tan-1 x R (-π/2, π/2)
Cosec-1 x R-(-1,1) [-π/2, π/2]
Sec-1 x R-(-1,1) [0,π]-{ π/2}
Cot-1 x R [-π/2, π/2]-{0}

S.N Inverse Trigonometric Formulas
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1 sin-1(-x) = -sin-1(x), x ∈ [-1, 1]
2 cos-1(-x) = π -cos-1(x), x ∈ [-1, 1]
3 tan-1(-x) = -tan-1(x), x ∈ R
4 cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1(x), |x| ≥ 1
5 sec-1(-x) = π -sec-1(x), |x| ≥ 1
6 cot-1(-x) = π – cot-1(x), x ∈ R
7 sin-1x + cos-1x = π/2 , x ∈ [-1, 1]
8 tan-1x + cot-1x = π/2 , x ∈ R
9 sec-1x + cosec-1x = π/2 ,|x| ≥ 1
10 sin-1(1/x) = cosec-1(x), if x ≥ 1 or x ≤ -1
11 cos-1(1/x) = sec-1(x), if x ≥ 1 or x ≤ -1
12 tan-1(1/x) = cot-1(x), x > 0
13 tan-1 x + tan-1 y = tan-1((x+y)/(1-xy)), if the value xy < 1
14 tan-1 x – tan-1 y = tan-1((x-y)/(1+xy)), if the value xy > -1
15 2 tan-1 x = sin-1(2x/(1+x2)), |x| ≤ 1
16 2tan-1 x = cos-1((1-x2)/(1+x2)), x ≥ 0
17 2tan-1 x = tan-1(2x/(1-x2)), -1<x<1
18 3sin-1x = sin-1(3x-4x3)
19 3cos-1x = cos-1(4x3-3x)
20 3tan-1x = tan-1((3x-x3)/(1-3x2))
21 sin(sin-1(x)) = x, -1≤ x ≤1
22 cos(cos-1(x)) = x, -1≤ x ≤1
23 tan(tan-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x < ∞.
24 cosec(cosec-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x ≤ 1 or -1 ≤ x < ∞
25 sec(sec-1(x)) = x,- ∞ < x ≤ 1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞
26 cot(cot-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x < ∞.
27 sin-1(sin θ) = θ, -π/2 ≤ θ ≤π/2
28 cos-1(cos θ) = θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π
29 tan-1(tan θ) = θ, -π/2 < θ < π/2
30 cosec-1(cosec θ) = θ, – π/2 ≤ θ < 0 or 0 < θ ≤ π/2
31 sec-1(sec θ) = θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 or π/2< θ ≤ π
32 cot-1(cot θ) = θ, 0 < θ < π
33
34 , if x, y ≥ 0 and x2+y2>1.
35 , if x, y ≥ 0 and x2+y2≤1.
36 , if x, y ≥ 0 and x2 +y2>1.
37 , if x,
y >0 and x2+y2 ≤1.
38 , if x, y >0 and x2+y2>1.

39 , if x, y > 0 and x2+y2≤1.
40 ,if x, y > 0 and x2 +y2>1.
Product-Sum Trigonometric Identities:
The product-sum trigonometric identities change the

sum or difference of sines or cosines into a product of
sines and cosines.
• Sin A + Sin B = 2 Sin(A+B)/2 . Cos(A-B)/2

• Cos A + Cos B = 2 Cos(A+B)/2 . Cos(A-B)/2
• Sin A – Sin B = 2 Cos(A+B)/2 . Sin(A-B)/2
• Cos A – Cos B = -2 Sin(A+B)/2 . Sin(A-B)/2
Trigonometric Identities of Opposite Angles:
The list of opposite angle trigonometric identities are:
• Sin (-θ) = – Sin θ

• Cos (-θ) = Cos θ
• Tan (-θ) = – Tan θ
• Cot (-θ) = – Cot θ
• Sec (-θ) = Sec θ
• Csc (-θ) = -Csc θ
Trigonometric Identities of Complementary Angles:
In geometry, two angles are complementary if their sum

is equal to 90 degrees. Similarly, when we can learn
here the trigonometric identities for complementary
angles.
• Sin (90 – θ) = Cos θ

• Cos (90 – θ) = Sin θ
• Tan (90 – θ) = Cot θ
• Cot ( 90 – θ) = Tan θ
• Sec (90 – θ) = Csc θ
• Csc (90 – θ) = Sec θ
Trigonometric Identities of Supplementary Angles:

Two angles are supplementary if their sum is equal to 90
degrees. Similarly, when we can learn here the
trigonometric identities for supplementary angles.
• sin (180°- θ) = sinθ

• cos (180°- θ) = -cos θ
• cosec (180°- θ) = cosec θ
• sec (180°- θ)= -sec θ
• tan (180°- θ) = -tan θ
• cot (180°- θ) = -cot θ
Trigonometric Identities of Products:
These identities are:
• Sin A. Sin B = [Cos (A – B) – Cos (A + B)]/2

• Sin A. Cos B = [Sin (A + B) – Sin (A – B)]/2
• Cos A. Cos B = [Cos (A + B) – Cos (A – B)]/2
ALGEBRA FORMULA`S:-
ABOUT ALGEBRA:-
Algebra is the part of mathematics that helps represent

problems or situations in the form of mathematical
expressions. In algebra, we use numbers like 2, −7,
0.068 etc., which have a de nite or xed value. In
algebra we use variables like x, y, and z along with
numbers.
Signs used in algebra

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Mathematical operations like multiplication (×), division
(÷), addition (+), and subtraction (−) are used to form a
meaningful mathematical expression.
There are other signs and symbols that are also

frequently used in algebra.
equal to (=), not equal to (≠), less than (<), greater than
(＞), less than equal to(≤), greater than equal to ( ≥).
IMPORTANT FORMULA:
1 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2 (a – b)2= a2– 2ab + b2
3 (a + b)3 = a3 + 3ab(a + b) + b3
4 (a – b)3 = a3 – 3ab(a – b) – b3
5 a2 – b2= (a + b)(a – b)
6 a3– b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
7 a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)
8 a4 – b4 = (a2 – b2)(a2 + b2)
9 a5 – b5 = (a – b)(a4+ a3b + a2b2 + ab3 + b4 )

10 a5 + b5 = (a + b)(a4 – a3b + a2b2– ab3 + b4 )
11 (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
12 (a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2– 2ab + 2bc – 2ac
13 a3 + b3+ c3– 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca
If n is even, then
14
an – bn = (a – b)(an-1 + an-2b +an-3b2 + …+ abn-2 + bn-1)
If n is odd, then
15
an + bn = (a + b)(an-1 – an-2b +an-3b2 – …- abn-2 + bn-1)
16 (am )(an ) = am+n
17 (ab)m = ambm
18 (am)n = amn

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TRIGNOMETRY FORMULAS & IDENTITIES:-

trigonometry, Mathematical discipline dealing

Basic Trigonometric Function Formulas:

There are basically 6 ratios used for nding the

By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the

The Reciprocal Identities are given as:

Periodicity Identities (in Radians):

These formulas are used to shift the angles by π/2, π,

• sin (π/2 – A) = cos A & cos (π/2 – A) = sin A

Cofunction Identities (in Degrees):

Sum & Difference Identities:

Triple Angle Identities:

• Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin3x

INVERSE TRIGNOMETRY FORMULAS:

Inverse Trigonometry Formulas:

Functions Domain Range

Sin-1 x [-1, 1] [-π/2, π/2]

Cos-1x [-1, 1] [0, π/2]

Tan-1 x R (-π/2, π/2)

Cosec-1 x R-(-1,1) [-π/2, π/2]

Sec-1 x R-(-1,1) [0,π]-{ π/2}

Cot-1 x R [-π/2, π/2]-{0}

2 cos-1(-x) = π -cos-1(x), x ∈ [-1, 1]

4 cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1(x), |x| ≥ 1

5 sec-1(-x) = π -sec-1(x), |x| ≥ 1

7 sin-1x + cos-1x = π/2 , x ∈ [-1, 1]

8 tan-1x + cot-1x = π/2 , x ∈ R

9 sec-1x + cosec-1x = π/2 ,|x| ≥ 1

12 tan-1(1/x) = cot-1(x), x > 0

13 tan-1 x + tan-1 y = tan-1((x+y)/(1-xy)), if the value xy < 1

14 tan-1 x – tan-1 y = tan-1((x-y)/(1+xy)), if the value xy > -1

15 2 tan-1 x = sin-1(2x/(1+x2)), |x| ≤ 1

17 2tan-1 x = tan-1(2x/(1-x2)), -1<x<1

23 tan(tan-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x < ∞.

24 cosec(cosec-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x ≤ 1 or -1 ≤ x < ∞

25 sec(sec-1(x)) = x,- ∞ < x ≤ 1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞

26 cot(cot-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x < ∞.

27 sin-1(sin θ) = θ, -π/2 ≤ θ ≤π/2

29 tan-1(tan θ) = θ, -π/2 < θ < π/2

30 cosec-1(cosec θ) = θ, – π/2 ≤ θ < 0 or 0 < θ ≤ π/2

31 sec-1(sec θ) = θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 or π/2< θ ≤ π

32 cot-1(cot θ) = θ, 0 < θ < π

y >0 and x2+y2 ≤1.

38 , if x, y >0 and x2+y2>1.

40 ,if x, y > 0 and x2 +y2>1.

Product-Sum Trigonometric Identities:

The product-sum trigonometric identities change the

• Sin A + Sin B = 2 Sin(A+B)/2 . Cos(A-B)/2

Trigonometric Identities of Opposite Angles:

The list of opposite angle trigonometric identities are:

• Sin (-θ) = – Sin θ

Trigonometric Identities of Complementary Angles:

In geometry, two angles are complementary if their sum

• Sin (90 – θ) = Cos θ

Trigonometric Identities of Supplementary Angles:

• sin (180°- θ) = sinθ

Trigonometric Identities of Products:

These identities are:

• Sin A. Sin B = [Cos (A – B) – Cos (A + B)]/2