Intro
Intro
Intro
Instructor
Ai-Chun Pang, [email protected]
Office Number: 417
Textbook
“Carrier Grade Voice over IP,” D. Collins, McGraw-Hill,
Second Edition, 2003.
Requirements
Homework x 3 30%
One mid-term exam (5/14) 40%
One term project (proposal: 5/7) 30%
Presentation ([5/28], 6/11 and 6/18), Demo (6/18)
TAs (office number: 213)
黃宇傑, [email protected]
劉志孝, [email protected]
Course Outline
Introduction
Transporting Voice by Using IP (Real-time Transport
Protocol - RTP)
Speech-Coding Techniques
H.323
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and ENUM
Media Gateway Control and the Softswitch Architecture
VoIP and SS7
Quality of Service
Designing a Voice over IP Network
Mobile IPv4, IPv6 and Micro-mobility
Wireless All IP Network
Mobile Number Portability
Introduction
Chapter 1
Carrier Grade VoIP
Carrier grade and VoIP
mutually exclusive
A serious alternative for voice communications with enhanced
features
Carrier grade
The last time when it fails
99.999% reliability (high reliability)
Fully redundant, Self-healing
AT&T carries about 300 million voice calls a day (high capacity).
Highly scalable
Short call setup time, high speech quality
No perceptible echo, noticeable delay and annoying noises on the
line
IP Telephony 5
VoIP
IP Telephony 6
IP
A packet-based protocol
Routing on a packet-by-packet base
Packet transfer with no guarantees
May not receive in order
May be lost or severely delayed
TCP/IP
Retransmission
Assemble the packets in order
Congestion control
Useful for file-transfers and e-mail
IP Telephony 7
Data and Voice
Data traffic
Asynchronous – can be delayed
Extremely error sensitive
Voice traffic
Synchronous – the stringent delay requirements
More tolerant for errors
IP is not for voice delivery.
VoIP must
Meet all the requirements for traditional telephony
Offer new and attractive capabilities at a lower cost
IP Telephony 8
Why VoIP?
PSTN switch
Proprietary – hardware, OS, applications
High operation and management cost
Training, support and feature development cost
Mainframe computer
The IP world
Standard hardware and mass-produced
Application software is quite separate
A horizontal business model
More open and competition-friendly
IN
does not match the openness and flexibility of IP.
A few highly successful services
IP Telephony 10
Voice/Data Integration
Click-to-talk application
Personal communication
E-commerce
Web collaboration
Shop on-line with a fried at another location
Video conferencing
IP-based PBX
IP-based call centers
IP-based voice mail
IP Telephony 11
Lower Bandwidth Requirements
PSTN
G.711 - 64 kbps
Human speech frequency < 4K Hz
The Nyquist Theorem: 8000 samples per second
8K * 8 bits
Sophisticated coders
32kbps, 16kbps, 8kbps, 6.3kbps, 5.3kbps
GSM – 13kbps
Save more bandwidth by silence-detection
Traditional telephony networks can use coders,
too.
But it is more difficult.
VoIP – two ends of the call negotiate the coding
scheme
IP Telephony 12
The Widespread Availability of IP
IP
LANs and WANs
Dial-up Internet access
The ubiquitous presence
VoFR or VoATM
Only for the backbone of the carriers
IP Telephony 13
VoIP Challenges
IP Telephony 14
Speech Quality
Must be as good as PSTN
Delay
The round-trip delay
Coding/Decoding + Buffering Time + Tx. Time
G.114 < 300 ms
Jitter
Delay variation
Different routes or queuing times
Adjusting to the jitter is difficult
Jitter buffers add delay
IP Telephony 15
Speech Quality
Echo
High Delay ===> Echo is Critical
Packet Loss
Traditional retransmission cannot meet the
real-time requirements
Call Set-up Time
Address Translation
Directory Access
IP Telephony 16
Managing Access and Prioritizing Traffic
IP Telephony 17
Speech-coding Techniques
IP Telephony 18
Network Reliability and Scalability
IP Telephony 19
VoIP Implementations
IP Telephony 20
VoIP Implementations
IP voice mail
One of the easiest
applications
IP call centers CTI
Server
Use the caller ID Internet
IP Telephony 21
VoIP Evolution
IP
IP Network
Network
VoIP
VoIP VoIP Terminal
Terminal Terminal Gateway PSTN
1: PC to PC 2: Phone to PC over IP
IP
Network PSTN
Gateway Gateway
Gateway Gateway
PSTN PSTN IP IP
Network Network
VoIP VoIP
Terminal Terminal