TDM Equations

TDM Equations
Useful equations
ER = (C in – C out)/Cin Css = [F (D/τ)]/Cl
MD = Css ⋅ Cl. F = (AUCPO/AUCIV) . (DIV/DPO)
ClH = LBF ⋅ ERH C = (D/V)e−ke.t
ClR = RBF ⋅ ERR V = D/C0
Cl = ClH + ClR C0 = C/e− ket
LD = Css ⋅ Vd C = (k0/Cl)(1 − e−ket)
C = AB/Vd C = [k0/(ke . V)](1 − e−ket)

𝑓𝐵 Css = k0 / Cl
𝑉 = 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑓𝑇 + VT
Css = k0/ (ke . V)
Elimination rate = AB ⋅ ke
Cpostinfusion = Cend . e−ketpostinfusion
t1/2 = 0.693/ke
𝐹. 𝐾𝑎. 𝐷
ke/2.303 = −(log C1 − log C2) /(t1 − t2) 𝐶hvl,vvj
= ,mnkjbhjvbjhvjhvjhvjghvhjv
. (𝑒 − 𝐾𝑒𝑡 − 𝑒 − 𝐾𝑎𝑡)
h,bvj,hvjhv
𝑉(𝐾𝑎 − jhvjbuv
𝐾𝑒)
ke = −(ln C1 − ln C2)/(t1 − t2)
C = [(FD)/V] . e−ket
t1/2 = (0.693 ⋅ V)/Cl
V/F = D/C0
F =AUCPO/AUCIV
D = (Vmax ⋅ Css) / (Km + Css)
′)
𝐾0(1 − 𝑒 − 𝑘𝑒𝑡
𝑉=
𝐾𝑒[𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 − (𝐶𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 . 𝑒 − 𝐾𝑒𝑡 ′ )]
38
TABLE 2-1 Single-Dose, Multiple-Dose, and Steady-State One-Compartment Model Equations
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION SINGLE DOSE MULTIPLE DOSE STEADY STATE
Intravenous bolus C = (D/V)e−ket C = (D/V)e−ket [(1 − e−nkeτ) / (1 − e−keτ)] C = (D/V)[e−ket/(1 − e−keτ)]
Continuous intravenous C = [k0/(keV)](1 − e−ket) N/A Css = k0/Cl = k0/(keV)

infusion
Intermittent intravenous C = [k0/(keV)](1 − e−ket′ ) C = [k0/(keV)](1 − e−ket′) [(1 − e−nkeτ)/(1 − e−keτ)] C = [k0/(keV)][(1 − e−ket′) / (1 − e−keτ)]
infusion
Extravascular (postabsorption, C = [(FD)/V]e−ket C = [(FD)/V]e−ket [(1 − e−nkeτ) / (1 − e−keτ)] C = (FD/V)[e−ket / (1 − e−keτ)]

postdistribution)
Average steady-state N/A N/A Css = [F(D/τ)] / Cl

concentration (any route
of administration)
Symbol key: C is drug serum concentration at time = t, D is dose, V is volume of distribution, ke is the elimination rate constant, n is the number of administered doses,
τ is the dosage interval, k0 is the infusion rate, Cl is clearance, t′ is infusion time, N/A is not applicable.
40
TABLE 2-2 Single-Dose, Multiple-Dose, and Steady-State Pharmacokinetic Constant Computations Utilizing a One Compartment Model
ROUTE OF
ADMINISTRATION SINGLE DOSE MULTIPLE DOSE STEADY STATE
Intravenous bolus ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2) ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2) ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2)
t1/2 = 0.693/ke t1/2 = 0.693/ke t1/2 = 0.693/ke
V = D/C0 V = D/(C0 − Cpredose) V = D/(C0 − Cpredose)
Cl = keV Cl = keV Cl = keV
Continuous N/A N/A Cl = k0/Css

intravenous infusion
Intermittent ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2) ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2) ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2)
intravenous infusion t1/2 = 0.693/ke t1/2 = 0.693/ke t1/2 = 0.693/ke
V = [k0(1 − e−ket′)] / {ke[Cmax − (Cpredosee−ket′)]} V = [k0(1 − e−ket′)] / {ke[Cmax − (Cpredosee−ket′)]} V = [k0(1 − e−ket′)] / {ke[Cmax − (Cpredosee−ket′)]}
Cl = keV Cl = keV Cl = keV
Extravascular ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2) ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2) ke = − (ln C1 − ln C2) / (t1 − t2)
(postabsorption, t1/2 = 0.693/ke t1/2 = 0.693/ke t1/2 = 0.693/ke
postdistribution) V/F = D/C0 V/F = D/(C0 − Cpredose) V/F = D/(C0 − Cpredose)
Cl/F = ke(V/F) Cl/F = ke(V/F) Cl/F = ke(V/F)
Average steady-state N/A N/A Cl/F = (D/τ) / Css

concentration
(any route of
administration)
Symbol key: C1 is drug serum concentration at time = t1, C2 is drug serum concentration at time = t2, ke is the elimination rate constant, t1/2 is the half-life, V is the volume
of distribution, k0 is the continuous infusion rate, t′ is the infusion time, V/F is the hybrid constant volume of distribution/bioavailability fraction, D is dose, C0 is the
concentration at time = 0, Cl is drug clearance, Cl/F is the hybrid constant clearance/bioavailability fraction, Cpredose is the predose concentration, Css is the steady-state
concentration, N/A is not applicable.

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TDM Equations

ER = (C in – C out)/Cin Css = [F (D/τ)]/Cl

MD = Css ⋅ Cl. F = (AUCPO/AUCIV) . (DIV/DPO)

ClH = LBF ⋅ ERH C = (D/V)e−ke.t

ClR = RBF ⋅ ERR V = D/C0

Cl = ClH + ClR C0 = C/e− ket

LD = Css ⋅ Vd C = (k0/Cl)(1 − e−ket)

C = AB/Vd C = [k0/(ke . V)](1 − e−ket)

TABLE 2-1 Single-Dose, Multiple-Dose, and Steady-State One-Compartment Model Equations

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION SINGLE DOSE MULTIPLE DOSE STEADY STATE

Intravenous bolus C = (D/V)e−ket C = (D/V)e−ket [(1 − e−nkeτ) / (1 − e−keτ)] C = (D/V)[e−ket/(1 − e−keτ)]

Continuous intravenous C = [k0/(keV)](1 − e−ket) N/A Css = k0/Cl = k0/(keV)

Extravascular (postabsorption, C = [(FD)/V]e−ket C = [(FD)/V]e−ket [(1 − e−nkeτ) / (1 − e−keτ)] C = (FD/V)[e−ket / (1 − e−keτ)]

Average steady-state N/A N/A Css = [F(D/τ)] / Cl

Continuous N/A N/A Cl = k0/Css

Average steady-state N/A N/A Cl/F = (D/τ) / Css

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