Responsibility Accounting, Transfer Pricing & Balanced Scorecard
Responsibility Accounting, Transfer Pricing & Balanced Scorecard
Responsibility Accounting, Transfer Pricing & Balanced Scorecard
✓ ‘Operating income’ for most investment centers is based on earnings before interests & taxes (EBIT).
✓ ‘Operating assets’ are preferably based on the average balance for the reporting period and composed of
productive assets used to earn the operating income (i.e., idle assets are excluded).
✓ The term ‘invested capital’ is sometimes used as the denominator for the ROI formula. While the term
means operating assets for most investment centers, invested capital may also mean total assets, owners’
equity or total assets less current liabilities, depending on the situation and application.
RESIDUAL INCOME (RI):
RI = Operating Income – Required Income ✓ Minimum ROI may also be known as desired rate of
return or minimum required rate of return.
where: Required Income = Operating Assets x Minimum ROI
✓ The ‘Minimum ROI’ under RI is usually based on the imputed interest rate, which is imposed and set by a higher
authority like a head office (for branches) or a holding company (for subsidiaries).
1. Responsibility Centers
Indicate how each of the business situations below is most likely to be organized: cost center (CC), revenue
center (RC), profit center (PC), or investment center (IC)
A. The HR department of RZBZ Bank.
B. The Ezem Mall car park ticket outlets.
C. The Magnolia product division of Zan Miguel Corporation.
D. The accounting department of Zebu Pazific.
E. The Morayta branch of KFZ (Kinatay na Fried Zicken).
F. The College of Accountanzy of the Ezpaña Univerzity.
G. The convenience store (Zeven-Eleven) that is owned by a chain organization; the head office supplies
all the goods to be sold and determines the selling prices.
REQUIRED:
1. Compute for each division’s missing items (1) to (8).
2. How many more units shall be sold by Z2 to achieve a 40% ROI?
3. How much increase in selling price will allow Z5to reach 50% ROI from its current unit sales?
6. Transfer Pricing
DC Company’s Division ‘S’ (selling division) produces a small tool used by other companies as a key part in
their products. Cost and sales data related to the small tool are given below:
For Division S, the costs of producing the component part per unit are:
Direct materials P 10
Direct labor P8
Variable factory overhead P5
Fixed factory overhead P2
The product of Division S is being sold in a highly competitive market for P 30 per unit.
Division B is currently buying 80% of the production output of Division S at a negotiated price of P 28 per
unit. It is expected that 25,000 units of product will be produced by Division S.
With emphasis on divisional welfare rather than the company’s welfare, a new transfer price must be
developed. It is suggested that a 40% mark-up on cost will be added when transferring the product from
Division S to Division B.
The unit selling price of the product of Division B is P 45 while the additional unit processing cost is P 8.
REQUIRED:
Determine Division B’s gross profit per unit under each of the following independent assumptions:
A) Transfer price is full-cost based.
B) Transfer price is cost-based plus mark-up.
C) Transfer price is based on a negotiated price.
D) Transfer price is market-based.
REQUIRED:
A) How long in days is the manufacturing cycle time or throughput time?
B) What is the manufacturing cycle efficiency ratio?
C) What percentage of the production time is spent on non-value-added activities?
D) How long in days is the delivery cycle time?
9. Productivity Measures
Netflix Company manufactures and sells a single product. The following information was made available:
2022 2023
Unit sales (P 60 per unit) 10,000 15,000
Material usage 4,000 pounds 5,000 pounds
Material cost P 5 per pound P 10 per pound
Labor hours 2,000 hours 2,500 hours
Labor cost P 20 per hour P 25 per hour
5A) Determine the operational partial productivity of DIRECT MATERIAL for (1) 2022 and (2) 2023.
a. (1) 2.50 (2) 3.00 c. (1) 0.25 (2) 0.24
b. (1) 5.00 (2) 6.00 d. (1) 0.50 (2) 0.30
5B) Determine the financial partial productivity of DIRECT MATERIAL for (1) 2022 and (2) 2023.
a. (1) 2.50 (2) 3.00 c. (1) 0.25 (2) 0.24
b. (1) 5.00 (2) 6.00 d. (1) 0.50 (2) 0.30
5C) Determine the operational partial productivity of DIRECT LABOR for (1) 2022 and (2) 2023.
a. (1) 2.50 (2) 3.00 c. (1) 0.25 (2) 0.24
b. (1) 5.00 (2) 6.00 d. (1) 0.50 (2) 0.30
5D) Determine the financial partial productivity of DIRECT LABOR for (1) 2022 and (2) 2023.
a. (1) 2.50 (2) 3.00 c. (1) 0.25 (2) 0.24
b. (1) 5.00 (2) 6.00 d. (1) 0.50 (2) 0.30
5E) Determine the total productivity for 2022 as measured in both (1) units and (2) sales pesos.
a. (1) 0.667 (2) 40.00 c. (1) 1.667 (2) 100.00
b. (1) 0.167 (2) 10.00 d. (2) 6.667 (2) 400.00