SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
S.Y. 2023-2024 – 1st Semester

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3
(Dance)

SIR ASHARE C. BANTUAS

Email address: [email protected]
DANCE as defined
- Dancing is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space,
for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the
movement itself.
- According to (Myers, 2005), dance due to its multidimensionality provide a variety of functions
throughout history. Although there have been immense comparative differences in period a culture,
people still dance primarily for four reasons. They are the following:
a. To please the gods.
b. To please others.
c. To please themselves or self-expression.
d. To build community within an ethnic group or social interaction.

HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of Dance from the Different Periods

A. Dance during the Prehistoric Period.

- It had been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive culture.
- It was used as a way of expression and reinforcing tribal unity and strength.
- It is based on superstition and infused with magic. Shamans as lead dancers acted as physicians and
religious leaders and kept tribes healthy, prosperous and safe.
B. Dance during the Ancient Civilization
 Ancient Egypt.
- 3,300 BCE (First Dancing). It is believed that the first people to dance were the Egyptians.
Archaeologists discovered paintings of dancing figures in rock shelters and caves.
- As a way of expressing religious service and teaching ancient myth, three (3) major dancers were
evolved:
(1) the king;
(2) the priests who performed magical dances;
(3) virgin dancers who were trained to perform during ceremonies led by the priests.
 Ancient Crete.
- The Cretan civilization (3000-1400 BC) was a cultural link in the ancient world between Egyptians
and Greeks.
- Cretans used dance to perfect their military training which made excellent.
 Ancient Greece.
- Dance was not just for religious and military training but also a form of entertainment and display.
- Plato immensely gave importance to dance in education as stated in the education on the Laws. He
highlighted the two kinds of dance and music: the noble (fin and honorable) and the ignoble
(imitating what is mean or ugly).
 Ancient Rome.
- Gave less importance to dancing which eventually became an integral part of the corruption in the
latter days of the Roman Empire resulting in the condemnation of dance by early Christians.
- Dance was primarily performed for religious, social and entertainment. However, theatrical
entertainment was prohibited but still existed and was performed within church during religious
ceremonies.

C. Dance during the Middle Ages and The Renaissance

 1400 (Ballet Comes into Play). Ballet started in this year in Italy, but didn’t really become popular until
around the year 1500. Ballet gained its popularity when a lady of the arts, Catherine de Medici, married
King Henry 11 and threw festivals where they would perform ballet dances. Ballet is believed to be the
main core of every single dance style.
 A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. During
these times, new court dances performed by the nobility came about as well as the rise of the art of ballet
in Italy and France.
 Several other dance forms continued to sprout and spread across several countries.

D. Modern History
 Dance during the Late 16th and 17th Centuries (1501-1700)
 - 1600 (Masque Dancing). Masque dancing started from elaborate pageants and shows in the 16th
century. Masque dancing involved intricate costuming and stage designing that also incorporated
singing and acting as well as dancing. It was often used as a court entertainment. A period in the
history of dance in Italy, France, and England which was considered to be pleasantly deep and rich.
France became the forerunner in dance during this period.
- Dance increased as a court amusement and later transformed into professional entertainment.
 Dance During the 18th Century (1701-1800)
- 1795 (Classical Persian Dancing). This style of dance evolved from courtroom dancing. An era
influencing Persian dance was the Qajar Dynasty which lasted from 1795 to 1925. Dancers would
perform artistic and lively dances for the Shah. The music is usually played by a small band.
- 1800 (Tippity Tappity, Time for Tap). Tap dancing originated from African tribe dancing. Tap
dancing makes percussion sounds because of dancers most commonly wearing leather shoes with
two pieces of metal and clip and clap against hard floors. Tap is still very popular to this day.
 Dance During the 19th Century (1801-1900)
- 1890 (Merengue Dancing). It is a Caribbean dance style that involves partners holding each other in
a tango-like position and moving their hips side to side.
- 1900 (Jazz and Acro). It involves doing smooth and flexible movements, and lots of back bending
and tricks. Both styles are widely popular to this day.
- Ballroom dances also emerged during this period like Cotillion, Polonaise, Quadrille, Waltz and
Polka.
 20th Century Dances (1901-2000)
- Described as a period of “dance fever” wherein the young and old alike were not limited to express
emotions through dance.
- 1950 (Contemporary Dance). Contemporary dance is a style that combines jazz, ballet, and modern
dance. It can be many different styles, but most of the time it is melancholy and or intense.
- 1970 (Hip Hop Dance). There are many styles of hip hop that include breaking, popping, locking,
and more. Street dance was performed both in night clubs and on the streets. It is associated with
funk, breakdancing, and hip-hop.
- Several social dance movements also evolved such as castle walk, tango, foxtrot, Charleston, Lindy
Hop, Rumba, Mambo, Cha-Cha-Cha, Samba, Bossa Nova, Boogaloo and Twist.
- Popular fad dances also emerged like YMCA and Macarena.
 21st Century Dance (2001- Present)
- 2018 (Dance Nowadays). Today's dance style has taken a turn towards more hip hop dances. Small
and popular dances that involve hip hop and that most everyone can achieve include the whip and
nae nae, Gangnam Style (it’s a little old), shooting, and more.

BENEFITS of Dancing

a. Physical
 Develops cardiovascular and muscular endurance
 Improve coordination, balance, flexibility and body composition
 Lowers body mass index
 Improves lipid metabolism
 Enables joint mobility
b. Mental/Emotional
 Helps keep the brain sharp
 Decreases incidence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
 Decrease depressive symptoms
 Increase self-esteem
 Aids in releasing emotional and physical tension
c. Social
 Gives sense of togetherness within a group
 Encourages positive social interaction
 Contributes to the individual’s potential for self-esteem
d. Cultural
 Promotes cultural values

WHAT MAKES A GOOD DANCE?

A good dance….
- It displays a significant meaning or conveys a message.
- It portrays life experiences.
- It may be presented abstractly and symbolically but still convey emotion and meaning.
 - It lifts and transports the audience from their seats during the performance.
- It has a beginning, middle, and end/conclusion.
o Beginning – it may come in a form of shape, a pose, or an entrance.
o Middle – it consists of a development or the exploration of the main idea.
o End/Conclusion – it should be clear and may be in a form of a shape, a pose, or an exit.

WHAT MAKES A GOOD DANCER?

1. Motivation & Determination
- Finding your motivation allows you to tap into your determination for pursuing the success and life
that you want as a dancer. Any dancer can become a great dancer once they become crystal clear on
their motivation and determination.
2. Discipline
- Practice makes improvement and there’s really no way around it. If you want to hone in on your
craft, the trait of discipline needs to be by your side at all times.
3. Ability to Focus
- Another essential trait that makes a great dancer is the ability to really focus. Dancing is a crafted
skill that comes through much dedication, discipline, motivation, determination, and above all –
focus.
4. Spatial Awareness
- With the world as your stage, dancers must have the ability to be spatially aware of both their body
and their surroundings. Being spatially aware means that you can flutter about the stage knowing
precisely how to use your space, how to avoid bumping into other dancers, or how to simply not be
in the way.
5. Enthusiasm
- When you think of dance, does it excite you? Do you enjoy practicing it, learning it and watching
great dancers perform on your free time? Dancing will always require hard work, but if you aren’t
feeling enthusiasm towards it then hard work may only take you so far.

FUNDAMENTAL HAND AND FEET POSITIONS IN DANCE

Position Arm Feet Arm Feet

Both arms raised in
a circle in front of Heels close
the chest with the together, toes apart
fingertips about an with an angle of
1st inch apart. about 45 degrees.

Feet apart sideward

Both raised of about a pace
2nd sideward with a distance.
graceful curve at the
shoulder level.
 One arm as in 2nd
3rd position; another The heel of one foot
arm raised upward. close to in- step of
other foot.

One arm raised in One foot in front

front as in 1st
4th position; another
of the other foot
of a pace
arm raised distance.
overhead.

The heel of the

front foot close to
5th Both arms raised
the big toe of the
overhead
rear foot.

What is a form?
- It is the instrument by which ideas and elements are arranged or combined into a logical sequence which
results in unity and consistency.
What is a phrase?
- It is the smallest unit of form in the whole dance.
What is a motif?
- It contains a theme to be able to convey its meaning or intention to the audience.

CHARACTERISTICS of a good dance

1. Unity
2. Continuity and Development
3. Variety and Contrast
4. Transition
5. Repetition
6. Climax

ELEMENTS of Dance
 Space
- This is the area the performers occupy and where they move.
Four Different aspects of Space
1. Direction – dance movements can travel in any way.
2. Size – movements can be varied by doing larger or smaller actions.
3. Level – movement can be done in a high, medium, or low level.
4. Focus – performers may change their focus by looking at different directions.
 Timing
- It may be executed in varying tempo (speed).
- Beat or Pulse is the movements of the performer with the tempo of an underlying sound.
 Dance Energies
- The movements are propelled by energy or force.
 Six Qualities of Dance Energies
1. Sustained – movements are done smoothly, continuously, and with flow and control. It does not
have a clear beginning and ending.
2. Percussive – movements are explosive or sharp in contrast with sustained movements. They are
accented with thrust of energy. They have a clear beginning and ending.
3. Vibratory – movements consist of trembling or shaking. A faster version of percussive
movements that produces a jittery effect.
4. Swinging – movements trace a curves line or an arc in space. The movements are relaxed and
giving in to gravity on the downward part of the motion, followed by an upward application.
5. Suspended – movements are perched in a space or hanging on air. Holding a raised leg in any
direction is an example of a suspended movement.
6. Collapsing – movements are released in tension and gradually or abruptly giving in to gravity,
letting the body descend to the floor.
 Bodily Shapes
- It refers to how the entire body is molded in space or the configuration of body parts.
1. Symmetrical – balanced shape; movements are practically identical or similar on both sides.
2. Asymmetrical – unbalanced shape; movements of two sides of the body do not match or completely
different from each other.
 Group Shapes
- The movements are performed by the group of dancers in different group shapes.