Server

Servers are computer systems that provide resources for centralized data storage and specialized
services. Server takes the request from user or client and process it and then return a response back to
the use.

Server is also use to store the data such as document and information about the dynamic site. The server
connects to multiple clients at a time not a single user.

Working of server

in first step the client request to server for data processing or anything else. After receiving the request,
the server process It according to client need.

Services of server system

• Serving requests: the serve is checked the client requests and sends the response on them.
• Storing data and information: the server is also storing the information of user such as name,
user id, password etc.
• Provide a database: the server is also providing the database functionality to user or client, that
used to save data is larger quantity and time.
• File transfer traffic: The server will manage the communication and transfer of information to
the client.
• Security: server has the authentication and authorization functions that make it secure network.

Type of server
1. Webserver: Web servers are essential software for running websites, serving as control centers
for processing and storing website data like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files. They receive and
process requests from browsers and send back results for display. The choice of web server
significantly impacts website performance, with Lite Speed emerging as the top performer. Lite
Speed outperforms other popular web servers by lightening server loads up to three times.

2. Email server: A mail server manages and stores user email data, facilitating the sending and
receiving of emails. It employs protocols like SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for sending
emails and POP3 (Post Office Protocol) for receiving and storing them. Comparable to a virtual
post office, the mail server identifies recipient addresses before forwarding emails. Commonly
utilized in business settings, mail servers enable the sending of marketing emails to multiple
recipients and feature security systems to block spam emails.

3. Application server: An application server is a device that processes service requests from clients
on a network. It communicates with clients using the HTTP protocol and executes procedures,
such as programs or scripts, to enable applications to run. While similar to web servers in
providing services and using HTTP, application servers differ in their focus on dynamic websites
or applications, including object pooling, messaging services, and transactional applications.
Most application servers also include a web server component, allowing them to fulfill the
functions of both.
 4. Data server: A database server is a computer system that facilitates accessing and retrieving data
stored in a database. It's commonly employed by companies to manage and process their data.
Access to the database server can be through a user interface (front end) or via a remote shell
directly connecting to the server (back end). Users utilize query languages tailored to the specific
database, with SQL (Structured Query Language) being one of the most widely used languages.

5. FTP server: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) can connect to a server so that users can download and
upload files. You can use these FTP servers to send large files to web hosting. FTP will connect to
the file server and provide services for transferring, downloading, and uploading files using the
internet. The function of FTP is different from a file server which only provides data for computer
users through certain computer networks. So, users can more easily transfer files.

6. DHCP server: A DHCP server automatically assigns IP addresses to client computers and
manages IP configuration updates. It streamlines the configuration process, reducing errors, and
can handle multiple client requests simultaneously, simplifying network administration.

7. File server: A file server stores and manages all types of data on a computer network, including
documents, images, videos, and music. It facilitates information and communication
management within local networks, such as office networks and internet cafes.

8. Proxy server

9. Gaming server

10. Streaming server

Web server
A web server is a computer system responsible for storing, managing, and delivering website files to web
browsers via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It also utilizes protocols like SMTP and FTP for
managing email and storage files. On the hardware side, a web server connects to the internet to share
data with other devices. Data stored on web servers includes HTML files, images, JavaScript files, and CSS
stylesheets. Web server software governs user access to hosted files and comprises an HTTP server,
which understands HTTP queries and URLs.

Functions of webserver

• Storing and delivering web contents

• Handling HTTP request
• Generating responses to HTTP requests
• Managing and maintaining web applications
• Supporting multiple clients simultaneously
Webserver architecture

Web server architecture encompasses the arrangement, elements, and configurations necessary for its
effective operation and provision of web services. It's a crucial aspect of server administration, impacting
performance, reliability, and security.

1. Concurrent approach: a separate process for every client that request the data.
2. Single process driven approach: a single process for all the clients.

Examples of webservers

• Apache HTTP server: It is known for its high performance, stability, and flexibility, and supports a
wide range of operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and macOS.

• Microsoft internet information services: It is known for its scalability, security features, and
support for Microsoft technologies such as ASP.NET and Microsoft SQL Server.

• NIGNIX: Nginx is a high-performance, open-source web server software that is known for its
speed, scalability, and ease of use.

• Lighttpd: Lighttpd is a lightweight, open-source web server software that is designed for high
performance and low resource consumption. It is known for its speed, stability, and security
features.

Examples of web servers

• Static Web Servers: These servers serve pre-existing web pages written in HTML and CSS. The
pages are stored on the server's file system. When a client requests a page, the server retrieves
the file and sends it back as a response.

• Dynamic Web Servers: Dynamic servers generate web pages on-the-fly in response to user
requests. They use programming languages like PHP, Python, and Ruby to build pages from
databases, APIs, or other sources of dynamic data. When a client requests a page, the server
executes the necessary code to generate and send it back as a response.