GROUP 6

MILLING
GROUP MEMBERS:
ASI, JOHN LYOD
DE GUZMAN, AARON VINCE
DRIZ, CYRUS JANRI
GONZALES, JULSID RAYE
INOCENCIO, AJAY
LABRADOR, ANJO
MENDOZA, MARK LAWRENCE
TOLENTINO, CHYNNA LEI
OBJECTIVES
Understand the basic
principles of milling machines.

Identify the main components

of milling machines and its
operation
ICE BREAKER
 NIGGLOG HUNT
Game Mechanics
1. Throughout the presentation, there will be easter eggs hidden through our slides.
The class is then advised to be attentive and ready to take screenshots of the eggs
2. At a certain part of our presentation, there will be a portion that the class will need
to present the easter eggs that they had discovered.
3. The first one to raise their hand will be given the opportunity to send the
screenshot in the group chat and get the privelege to receive a prize.
NIGGLOG HUNT
 NIGGLOG HUNT

??? ??? ??? ???

WHAT IS
MILLING?
MILLING
Milling is a process performed with a machine in which
the cutters rotate to remove the material from the
workpiece present in the direction of the angle with the tool
axis.

Milling machining is one of the very common

manufacturing processes used in machinery shops and
industries to manufacture high precision products and parts
in different shapes and sizes.
WHY IS MILLING
IMPORTANT?
IMPORTANCE OF MILLING

COMPLEX INDUSTRY
EFFICIENY
GEOMETRY APPLICATIONS
IMPORTANCE OF MILLING

COMPLEX INDUSTRY
EFFICIENY
GEOMETRY APPLICATIONS
IMPORTANCE OF MILLING

COMPLEX INDUSTRY
EFFICIENY
GEOMETRY APPLICATIONS
IMPORTANCE OF MILLING

COMPLEX INDUSTRY
EFFICIENY
GEOMETRY APPLICATIONS
IMPORTANCE OF MILLING

COMPLEX INDUSTRY
EFFICIENY
GEOMETRY APPLICATIONS
WHAT IS A MILLING
MACHINE?
MILLING MACHINE
A milling machine is a power-driven machine that cuts
metal by means of a multi tooth lathing cutter. The machine is
constructed in such a manner that the workpiece is fed to a
rotary der instead of revolving as on a lathe, or reciprocating
as on a planer.

The milling machine is defined as perhaps the most widely

used in manufacturing industries after the lathe machine.
However, In the case of lathe machine tools, the tools used
their single-point cutting tools but in the case of this machine,
the tool used multi-point cutting Jools. The milling is a process
of metal-removing by feeding the workpiece passes through
the rating multipoint cutter.
PARTS OF
A MILLING
MACHINE
 BASE

It is the foundation part of a

machine and all other parts
are joined on it. The base
cames de entire load so it
should have high
compressive strength and it
is made up of cast iron.
COLUMN
The column is mounted vertically on
the base. It supports the knee, table,
etc., and works as housing for all the
other driving members. The column is
a hollow member which contains
driving gears and sometimes a motor
for the spindle and the table.
KNEE
It is a casting that supports the saddle and table. All gearing mechanism is enclosed
within the knee. It is fastened to the column by dovetail ways. The knee is supported
and adjusted by vertical positioning screw (elevating screw). The elevating screw is used
to adjust the knee up and down by raising or lowering the lever either with the help of a
hand or power feed.
SADDLE
This is placed between the table and
the knee and works as an
intermediate part between them. This
can move transversally to the column
face. This slides over the guideways
provided situated on the knee which
is perpendicular to the column face.
The main function is to provide
motion in a horizontal direction to the
workpiece. This is also made of cast
iron.
TABLE
This is a rectangular casting that is present on the
top of the saddle and is situated over the knee. It is
part of a machine that holds the workpiece while
machining. This is made of cast ton and has a T-
slot cut over it. This provides vertical motion by
moving the knee up and down. It provides
horizontal motion by the feed screw. This provides
a horizontal (transverse) motion by moving the
saddle
OVERHANGING ARM
The overarm is used to fasten arbor support. It may consist
of one or two cylindrical bars that slide through the holes in
the column. It is made of cast iron
SPINDLE
The spindle is the main part of the machine which holds the
tool in the right place. This spindle provides the drive for
arbors, cutters, and attachments used on a machine.
ARBOR
This is a mechanical part, which is used as an extension part of the spindle in a
horizontal mill machine. It is fitted on the spindle whenever it's required. This holds the
tool and moves it in the correct direction
ARBOR SUPPORTS
There are generally two types of
arbors supports used in the mill
machine. The first one has a small
diameter bearing hole, 1-inch in
maximum diameter, and the other one
has a large diameter bearing hole,
usually up to 23/4 inches. The arbor
support has an oil reservoir that
lubricates the bearing surfaces. It can
be clamped anywhere on the overarm.
The arbor support is used only in the
horizontal types of milling machines.
MILLING HEAD
It is the upper section of a vertical mill machine. It
consists of a spindle, a driving motor, and other
controlling mechanisms.
 G
IN
M ILL

RAM
One end of the arm is attached to the column and
the other ends to the milling head. The ram can be
moved transversally (in and out) on the column by
a hand lever.
ELEVATING SCREW
The elevating screw has threads that can provide upward
and downward movement to the knee and table by rotating
it using a handwheel.
WORKING PRINCIPLES OF MILLING MACHINE
The cutting action is accomplished by feeding the workpiece
against a rotating cutter. The workpiece is firmly secured to the
table while a multitooth cutter positioned on the arbour rotates.
The cutter rotates at a rapid rate, while the material is fed.

The workpiece can be fed vertically, longitudinally, or

diagonally. The spindle speed, table feed, depth of cut, and
direction of cutter rotation are the most important process factors.
MILLING MACHINE
OPERATIONS
UP-MILLING OR CONVENTIONAL
MILLING OPERATION
The up-milling is also known as
conventional milling. In this, a cutter
revolving in the opposite direction of the
workpiece removes the metal in the form of
tiny chips as shown in the figure below. The
chip thickness varies from minimum at the
beginning and maximum at the end as the
cutter advances.

The primary drawbacks of the up-milling

technique are the tendency of the cutting
force to lift the work from the fixtures and
the poor surface finish.
DOWN MILLING OPERATION
A down-milling operation is also known
as ‘climb milling’. In this operation, the
cutter rotates in the same direction as the
feed. The chip thickness varies from
maximum at the beginning to minimum at
the end.

There is always less friction in climb

milling which produces less heat. Thin slots,
lengthy cuts, and sharpening of the pieces
can be easily achieved in this operation.

RA
M
FACE MILLING OPERATION
The most simple operation on a milling
machine is face milling. This procedure is
carried out with a face milling cutter that is
rotated about an axis perpendicular to the
work surface as shown in the figure below.

By turning the crossfeed screw of the table,

the depth of the cut can be changed. This
operation creates a flat surface with the
cutter positioned on a stub arbour.
PLAIN MILLING OPERATION
The most commonly used milling machine operation is
plain milling. It is also referred to as slab milling (Hence, the
labelling in the image below). The workpiece is firmly
mounted on the machine before this operation. After
choosing the proper speed and feed, the machine is then
turned on.

This operation creates a smooth and horizontal surface

that is parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutter as shown
in the figure below.
GANG MILLING OPERATIONS
The operation of simultaneously
milling multiple surfaces of a workpiece
by feeding the table against numerous
cutters with the same or various
diameters mounted to the arbour is
called gang milling operation.

The speed of this group of cutters is

determined by the cutter with the
greatest diameter. The approach reduces
machining time significantly and is
commonly utilised for repeated tasks.
STRADDLE MILLING OPERATION

The milling operation in which two surfaces are

milled simultaneously is a straddle milling
operation. With two side milling cutters mounted
to the same arbour, straddle milling creates flat
and vertical surfaces on both sides of the
workpiece.

Using adequate spacing collars, the distance

between the two cutters is regulated. T-slot milling
is an exceptional illustration of straddle milling.
The operation is used to create hexagonal or
square surfaces.
ANGULAR MILLING OPERATION
The process of generating an angular
surface on a workpiece which is not at right
angles to the spindle axis of the milling
machine is known as angular milling.

The angular groove may have a single or

double included angle which depends on the
type and geometry of the angular cutter
employed. V-block manufacturing is an
example of angular milling.
FORM MILLING OPERATION

Form milling operation refers to the process of

creating uneven shapes such as convex, concave,
or any desired form using specialized form
cutters. Form milling is an operation of producing
irregular contours by using form cutters.

Characteristics:
Utilizes form cutters tailored to the required
shape.
Slower cutting rate compared to plain milling,
typically 20% - 30% slower.
SIDE MILLING OPERATION
Side milling operation refers to the process of using a
side milling cutter to create a flat, vertical surface on the side
of a workpiece. The depth of cut is adjusted by controlling
the vertical feed with the aid of the table screw mechanism.
KEYWAY MILLING OPERATION
Keyway milling operation is a machining process
where precise slots, grooves, or keyways are created
on workpieces to accommodate keys, splines, or other
mating components in mechanical assemblies. These
keyways serve as pathways for small parts to fit
securely into larger machinery, ensuring proper
alignment and transmission of forces. Keyway milling
involves using specialized cutting tools such as end
mills, side milling cutters, plain milling cutters, or
metal slitting saws to carve out these detailed features.

Keyways generally have minute dimensions of

width or depth. Hence, a special tool is necessary for
keyway milling like standard helical or staggered teeth
cutters.
PROFILE MILLING OPERATION
Profile milling is a machining
technique used to duplicate complicated
shapes from a master die onto a
workpiece. This process involves the use
of specialized cutters, such as helical
plain cutters, to accurately replicate the
desired profile.

FACE MILLING
THREAD MILLING OPERATION

Thread milling operations involve the

production of precise threads, whether in small or
large quantities, using single or multiple thread
milling cutters. This process results in accurately
finished threads by longitudinally feeding the
rotating cutter over a distance equal to the pitch
length of the thread.
GEAR CUTTING OPERATION
In gear-cutting operations on milling
machines, form-relieved cutters executes the
gear cutting operation. These cutters are either
in cylindrical or end mill types, are specially
designed to match the spacing and profile of
gear teeth accurately.A universal diving head is
used to hold the workpiece while a process called
indexing creates evenly spaced gear teeth on a
gear blank.
T-SLOT MILLING OPERATION
T-slot milling operation is a machining process used to create T-shaped slots or
grooves, known as T-slots, in workpieces. These T-slots are commonly used to secure or
attach components to the workpiece using bolts, nuts, or other fasteners.
END MILLING OPERATION
End milling operation is a fundamental machining
process used to remove material from the surface of a
workpiece using an end mill cutter. This operation is
characterized by the rotation of the cutter perpendicular to
the workpiece surface, resulting in the creation of various
features such as slots, pockets, and contours.
GROOVES MILLING OPERATION
Groove milling operation is a machining process
used to create grooves, channels, or recesses in
workpieces. These grooves serve various purposes
such as providing clearance for components,
accommodating seals, or enhancing the aesthetics of
the part.
 MAIN TYPE OF
MILLING MACHINE
HORIZONTAL MILLING MACHINE
Horizontal milling machines, as their name suggests, operate on a horizontal orientation where the
workpiece remains stationary. This type of milling machines are commonly used in cases where larger
parts are being dealt with or deeper cuts are required as the cutting tools for these machines are thicker
and shorter. This gives them the stability to sustain the resistance while creating deeper cuts.

Pros:
Better chip evacuation
Stable
Ability to handle complex shapes
HIgher productivity
Cons
Expensive
Harder to find trained operators
VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE
Vertical milling machines have the same basic operations as horizontal
milling machines, they only differ in orientation and output. Cutting tools
for vertical milling machines are longer and thinner, this makes vertical
milling machines suitable for precise work on small workpieces. Opposite to
horizontal milling machines deeper cuts cannot be created using vertical
milling machines because it starts to vibrate and cause deviations from the
design.

Pros:
Availability
Lower cost
Simplicity in operation
Low-volume production
Cons:
Lower production output
Limited cutting depth
COLUMN AND KNEE TYPE
MILLING MACHINE
It is the most commonly used milling
machine used for general shop work. In this type
of milling machine the table is mounted on the
knee casting which in turn is mounted on the
vertical slides of the main column. The knee is
vertically adjustable on the column so that the
table can be moved up and down to accommodate
work of various heights.
FIXED BED MILLING MACHINE
A fixed bed type, as its name hints, is a type of milling machine that has a rigid bed attached to
the machine. You cannot arrange the saddle and knee of this milling machine. It has a movable
spindle head-mounted with the spindle of the machine. The machine can perform cutting operations
by moving in horizontal and vertical directions.
Simplex, duplex and triplex fall under this type of milling machine.
SIMPLEX MILLING MACHINE
The spindle or the spindle head can travel in one
direction only. The most common direction in which it
can move is vertical.This type of machine is best
suited for stable milling, workpieces that require
excellent surface finish, and flat surfaces.
DUPLEX MILLING MACHINE
This machine is a combo of two machines that
are placed across from each other. They function
autonomously. This machine works as a single unit
and concurrently uses two spindles to process the
workpiece.The spindle can move in both horizontal
and vertical directions.
TRIPLEX MILLING MACHINE
A triplex milling machine is a specialized type of milling machine that is capable of performing multiple milling
operations simultaneously on a single workpiece. It typically consists of three independent milling heads
mounted on a single machine frame, each capable of performing its own milling operation. The spindle of these
machines travels in three directions: x, y, and z axes.

The three milling heads on a triplex milling machine can be

set to perform a variety of milling operations such as facing,
contouring, slotting, drilling, and profiling. Each milling head
can be independently adjusted for speed, feed rate, and
depth of cut, allowing for greater flexibility in machining
operations. For these reasons, these machines are often used
in industries such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace,
and mold making, where complex and precise milling
operations are required as they are capable of doing multiple
tasks with extreme accuracy.
UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE
A universal milling machine is a versatile type of milling machine that is capable
of performing a wide range of milling operations. It's called "universal" because it
can be adapted to perform various tasks, making it suitable for diverse machining
needs. It can be modified to fit a variety of milling tasks. The table is turned to any
angle between 0° and 45° on either side. In addition to the three motions previously
stated, the table may have a fourth movement if it is fed at an angle towards the
milling cutter. This machine is capable of producing milling cutters, spur, bevel,
spiral, and twist drills.
SPECIAL MILLING
MACHINE
TRACER MILLING MACHINE
Tracer milling machines, also known
as duplicating mills or profiling
machines, are specialized milling
machines designed for replicating
complex shapes or contours from a
template or a model. These machines
were particularly popular before the
widespread adoption of CNC
technology. This machine performs all
difficult operations like die-making
jobs by synchronizing the tracing unit.
This can develop any difficult shape
and is mostly used in the automobile
industry.
CNC MILLING MACHINE
CNC is the most versatile milling machine which is
controlled by a computer. It is an upgraded version of
the bed-type milling machine, in which the spindle
can move in all three directions and the table can
rotate 360 degrees. All movement is hydraulically
controlled which is commanded by a computer. In
this, any difficult geometry can be made on it. A
sketch of the workpiece is loaded onto the computer
which is cut on the workpiece by the cutters
automatically.
ROTARY TABLE TYPE
MILLING MACHINE
A rotary table type milling machine is a specialized milling
machine that features a rotary table as a fundamental
component. The rotary table can be positioned horizontally
or vertically and can rotate around its axis to facilitate
multi-sided machining operations on a workpiece. This type
of milling machine is particularly useful for machining
circular or curved surfaces, as well as for cutting features at
various angles. It offers versatility in machining complex
parts by allowing the workpiece to be positioned at different
angles relative to the cutting tool, enabling intricate milling
operations such as indexing, circular interpolation, and
helical milling. Rotary table type milling machines are
commonly used in industries such as aerospace, automotive,
and mold making, where precise and intricate machining
operations are required.
 DRUM TYPE MILLING MACHINE
A drum type milling machine is a
specialized milling machine designed
for milling large and irregularly
shaped surfaces, particularly those
with curved or contoured profiles.
The machine features a cylindrical
drum-shaped cutter head with
cutting edges mounted on its surface.
This cutter head rotates and moves
along the surface of the workpiece,
removing material to achieve the
desired shape.
PROFILE MILLING MACHINE
A profile milling machine is a specialized type of milling
machine used for machining complex shapes and profiles
on a workpiece. It utilizes a cutting tool with a specific
profile that matches the desired shape to be machined.
The machine is capable of milling intricate contours,
edges, and surfaces with high precision.

Profile milling machines are commonly used in

industries such as aerospace, automotive, mold making,
and tool and die manufacturing, where the production of
complex components with precise shapes and
dimensions is essential. They are particularly useful for
producing parts with irregular shapes, multiple curves,
and intricate details.
PLANETARY TYPE MILLING MACHINE
A planetary type milling machine is a specialized milling
machine that features multiple milling heads arranged in a
planetary motion around a central axis. This configuration
allows for simultaneous milling operations on different
parts of a workpiece, resulting in increased efficiency and
productivity. The milling heads in a planetary type milling
machine typically rotate around their own axes while also
orbiting around the central axis of the machine. This
movement pattern enables the milling heads to cover a
larger area of the workpiece surface in a shorter amount of
time compared to traditional milling machines.
PLANETARY TYPE MILLING MACHINE
A planetary type milling machine is a specialized milling
machine that features multiple milling heads arranged in a
planetary motion around a central axis. This configuration
allows for simultaneous milling operations on different
parts of a workpiece, resulting in increased efficiency and
productivity. The milling heads in a planetary type milling
machine typically rotate around their own axes while also
orbiting around the central axis of the machine. This
movement pattern enables the milling heads to cover a
larger area of the workpiece surface in a shorter amount of
time compared to traditional milling machines.
PANTOGRAPH TYPE MILLING MACHINE
A pantograph type milling machine is a specialized milling
machine that utilizes a pantograph mechanism to scale or
replicate a master template onto a workpiece. The pantograph
mechanism consists of two sets of arms connected by pivot
joints, with one set attached to the cutting tool and the other
set to a tracing stylus. As the stylus follows the contours of the
master template, the cutting tool reproduces the same
movements on the workpiece, scaling the dimensions
accordingly. These machines are commonly used for
engraving, die sinking, and mold making applications, where
precise replication of intricate shapes and patterns is required.
They are particularly useful for producing small-scale or
detailed components such as nameplates, jewelry, and molds
for plastic injection or metal

CNC
M ILL
MAC IN G
H IN E
ICE BREAKER
NIGGLOG HUNT
 NIGGLOG HUNT
MILLING
 NIGGLOG HUNT
MILLING ram
 NIGGLOG HUNT
MILLING RAM FACE MILLING
 NIGGLOG HUNT
CNC MILLING
MILLING RAM FACE MILLING
MACHINE
SPECIFICATION OF MILLING
MACHINE
While working in an industry, the types of these machines are
considered. But there are terms that the machine shop operators discuss
before shipping or considering investing in these machines. They are called
a specification of milling machines.

1. Movement range of the worktable with its size measurements

2. Maximum longitudinal movement allowed
3. Maximum speed of the spindle in rpm
4. Power capacity of the motor
5. Total floor space required
6. Overall weight of the machine
ADVANTAGES OF MILLING MACHINE
high rate of metal removal.
produce better surface finishes
improved accuracy and finish due to CNC machines
higher accuracy compared to other machines.
DISADVANTAGES OF MILLING MACHINES
High rate of flank wear
High crater wear
Using a poor material cutter or machine with a loose arbour, vibration is generated.
Chips formed can get clogged in the teeth of the cutter.
APPLICATION OF MILLING MACHINE
Highly adaptable
Used to manufacture flat surfaces
Capable of producing uneven surfaces
Used to bore, cut gears, create slots, and drill
Utilised to machine curved surfaces.
NOMENCLATURE AND ANGLES OF A
PLAIN MILLING CUTTER
A milling cutter is essentially
a cluster of single-point cutting
tools. The key components
include the cutting edge, face,
fluting, and body.
 PLAIN MILLING
CUTTER ELEMENTS
BODY
Main frame supporting teeth.

PERIPHERY
Cutting edges locus.
CUTTING EDGE
Touches workpiece during cutting;
intersection of face and tooth flank.

FILLET
Where teeth join; reinforces cutting teeth.
FACE OF TEETH
Surface forming chips during cutting;
can be curved or flat.

BACK OF TOOTH
Formed by fillet and secondary clearance angle.
LAND
Narrow surface on tooth
back, result of clearance
angle.

BOTTOM LAND
Space between consecutive teeth.
ROOT DIAMETER
Passes through the center,
joining the periphery ends.

ROOT DIAMETER
(BOTTOM FILLET)
Passes through the center, joining bottom
fillet ends.
LIP ANGLE
Between teeth, face and land.

RELIEF ANGLE
Between tangent at cutters
outside diameter and tooth land;
prevents interference with work
surface.
RADIAL RAKE ANGLE
Angle between the teeth face
and radial line at the cutting
edge is called Radial Rake
Angle.

AXIAL RAKE ANGLE

Angle between peripheral
cutting edge line and cutter
axis.
CLEARANCE ANGLE:
Between back of tooth and tangent at
cutting edge;
Primary and Secondary types.
SELECTING THE CUTTER
Selecting the cutter refers to the process of choosing the
appropriate cutting tool for a specific machining operation. This
involves considering various factors such as the material being cut, the
desired surface finish, cutting speed, feed rate, and the type of
machining operation
KEY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN SELECTING A
MILLING CUTTER
Material Compatibility
Type of Operation
Cutter Geometry
Cutting Speed and Feed Rate
Coating and Material of the Cutter
KEY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN SELECTING A
MILLING CUTTER
Tool Size and Shank Type
Coolant Requirements
Cost and Tool Life
Application-Specific Cutters
Manufacturer Recommendations
GENERAL APPLICATION
OF VARIOUS MILLING
CUTTERS
DOUBLE-ANGLE CUTTER
A double-angle cutter is a cutting tool used in machining
to create or modify angled surfaces on workpieces. It
typically features two cutting edges at different angles,
allowing it to perform multiple cutting operations
simultaneously or produce complex geometries with precise
angles. These cutters are commonly used in milling and
machining operations for tasks such as chamfering,
beveling, or creating angular features on parts.
END MILL
A cutting tool used in milling machines to remove
material from a workpiece by rotating the cutter while
moving it into the material along multiple axes.
FLY CUTTER
A single-point cutting tool used on a milling
machine to create a smooth surface finish or to
cut large flat areas with precision.
FORMED CUTTERS
Cutting tools with specially shaped profiles
used to create specific geometries or contours on a
workpiece.
HALF SIDE CUTTER
A milling cutter that cuts on one side
only, typically used for slotting or profiling
operations.
HELICAL CUTTER
A cutting tool with spiral-shaped cutting edges
used for high-efficiency milling operations, providing
smoother cutting action and improved chip evacuation.
INSERTED-TOOTH CUTTER
A cutting tool with replaceable cutting inserts
or tips, allowing for easy replacement and
versatility in machining operations.
INTERLOCKING SIDE CUTTERS
Cutting tools with multiple cutting edges that
interlock with each other, often used for roughing or
heavy material removal.
NICKED CUTTERS
Cutting tools with small notches or grooves
along the cutting edges, designed to break up chips
and improve chip evacuation during machining.
PLAIN CUTTERS
Simple cutting tools with straight or curved
cutting edges used for basic milling operations such
as facing or profiling.
SIDE CUTTER
A cutting tool with cutting edges on the side,
typically used for milling slots or grooves in a
workpiece.
SINGLE-ANGLE CUTTER
A cutting tool with a single cutting edge angled
at a specific degree, used for creating angled surfaces
or chamfers on workpieces.
SLITTING CUTTER
A cutting tool used for making narrow
cuts or slits in a workpiece, often used in
metalworking or woodworking applications.
SLOTTING CUTTER
A cutting tool specifically designed for milling
slots or grooves in a workpiece, featuring multiple
cutting teeth along its circumference.
OTHER FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE
SELECTION OF PROPER
MILLING CUTTER
Cutters with fewer widely spaced teeth
Moderate rake angles
SHARPENING MILLING CUTTERS
Regular sharpening of milling cutters is
essential to maintain their effectiveness and
longevity. Dull cutters wear more rapidly and have
shorter lifespans compared to sharp ones.
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED CLEARANCE
ANGLES BY CINCINNATI MILACRON
COMPANY
Aluminum: 10 degrees
Castings: 6-7 degrees
Bronze, cast: 10-15 degrees
Hard (tool steel): 4-5 degrees
Cast iron:
Low-carbon: 5-7 degrees
Fast feeds: 7 degrees
Moderate feeds: 6-7 degrees
Copper: 7-10 degrees
These recommended clearance angles are tailored to specific materials to
ensure optimal cutting performance and tool longevity during milling
operations.
CUTTING SPEEDS
AND FEEDS
 SPEED AND FEED RATE
Governed by several variable factors: material, cutter, width and depth of cut,
require surface finish, machine rigidity and setup, power and speed available, and cutting
fluid. Speed can be increased until either excessive cutter indicates that the practical limit
has been exceeded. Cutter speeds are always given in surface feet per minute (sfpm). As
spindle speed of a milling machine can be given only in revolutions per minute (rpm), it is
necessary to translate sfpm into rpm for making speed adjustments on the machine. If a
table of weeds is not available, spindle speed can be calculated by the following formula:
 FEED RATE
The rate at which the work advances past the cutter and is commonly ten in
inches per minute (in/min.). The table below provides the suggested feed per
tooth for high-speed steel and sintered carbide-tipped milling cutters,
respectively. Note that the feeds are given in thousandths of an inch per tooth
for the various cutters.
 ATTACHMENTS
AND ACCESSORIES
 DIVIDING HEAD
Provides a means of holding
the work in a chuck, between the
centers, or in a collet, and
revolving it (indexing) through a
desired number of equal divisions.
The unit is mounted on the
machine table and the head can be
tilted to any angle.
MICROMETER ROTARY TABLE
TABLE
A micrometer
table attachment for
jig and die work, this
attachment enables
the to perform boring
and recessing
operations.
HIGH SPEED
SLOTTING
MILLING
ATTACHMENT
ATTACHMENT
VERTICAL MILLING
ATTACHMENTS
-are designed so that
vertical milling can be performed
on operator horizontal machine.
These attachments can be used for
drilling, boring, cutting T-slots, and
other such work.
MOUNTING THE
WORKPIECE
MOUNTING THE
WORKPIECE
Various methods of mounting
work on the miling machine for
machining are on the table, in a chuck,
on an arbor, between centers, and on
fixtures. Clamping devices (such T-bolts,
toe dogs, pins, and screw pins) are
similar to those sed to hold planer
workpieces.
The milling machine vise is the
simplest holding arrangement
A scale (graduated in degrees) on the
base of the vise is accurate enough
for most work
The colmaker's universal vise can be
used for work involving compound
angles
COOLANTS
Also known as cutting fluids or
lubricants, play a crucial role in the
operation of milling machines. Their
primary purpose is to improve the
machining process and enhance
overall efficiency.
 HEAT DISSIPATION

As the miling cutter engages

with the workpiece, friction and
cutting force generate heat.
Coolants help absorb and carry
away this heat, preventing damage
to both the tool and the workpiece.
 TOOL LUBRICATION
Coolants act as lubricants, reducing
friction between the cutting tool and the
work piece. Lubrication also contributes to
smoother cutting, reducing the chances of
built-up edge and chip welding.
IMPROVED SURFACE FINISH
The application of coolants helps
achieve a better surface finish on machined
part. By reducing heat and friction,
coolants contribute to a smoother cutting
process, which results to improved overall
workpiece quality.
THANK YOU