English HL P2 May-June 2017 Memo

GRAAD 12
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P2
2017
MARKING GUIDELINES
MARKS: 80
These marking guidelines consist of 24 pages.
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English Home Language/P2 2 DBE/2017
SCE – Marking Guidelines
NOTE TO MARKERS
• These marking guidelines are intended as a guide for markers.

• The marking guidelines will be discussed with the marking panel before marking
commences at the marking centre.
• Candidates' responses must be considered on their merits.
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Wherever a candidate has answered more than the required number of questions,
mark only the first answer/response. (The candidate may NOT answer the essay
and the contextual question on the same genre.)
2. If a candidate has answered all four questions in SECTION A (prescribed poems),
mark only the first two.
3. If a candidate has answered two contextual or two essay questions in SECTIONS B
and C, mark the first one and ignore the second. If a candidate has answered all six
questions (novel) and/or all four questions (drama), mark only the first answer in
each section, provided that one contextual and one essay have been answered.
4. If a candidate gives two answers where the first is wrong and the next one correct,
mark the first answer and ignore the next.
5. If answers are incorrectly numbered, mark according to the marking guidelines.
6. If a spelling error affects the meaning, mark incorrect. If it does not affect the
meaning, mark correct.
7. Essay questions: If the essay is shorter than the required word count, do not
penalise, because the candidate has already penalised himself/herself. If the essay
is too long, assess on merit and discuss with senior markers.
8. Contextual questions: If the candidate does not use inverted commas when asked
to quote, do not penalise.
9. For open-ended questions, no marks should be awarded for YES/NO or I
AGREE/DISAGREE. The reason/substantiation/motivation/justification is what
should be considered.
10. No marks should be awarded for TRUE/FALSE or FACT/OPINION. The
reason/substantiation/motivation/justification is what should be marked.
11. Answers to contextual questions must be assessed holistically in the light of the
discussion during the standardisation of the marking guidelines.

SECTION A: POETRY
PRESCRIBED POETRY
QUESTION 1: POETRY – ESSAY QUESTION
'LONDON' – William Blake
• Use the following points, among others, as a guideline to marking this question.
Responses might differ, depending on the candidate's sensitivity to and
understanding of the poem.
• Refer to page 23 for the rubric to assess this question.
The suffering citizens might be seen as both responsible and not responsible for their
oppression and suffering.
• The ruling classes have created limitations, imposing their will on citizens and the
city. The words, 'charter'd' and 'ban' have connotations of control and restrictions on
movement.
• The 'Infant's cry of fear' suggests that citizens are born into a life of suffering, thus
removing the responsibility the citizens would have for the condition in which they
find themselves.
• Children working as 'Chimney-sweepers' are vulnerable and exploited by the ruling
classes, often dying dreadfully. The Church, whose responsibility it is to protect
them, turns a blind eye, hence the reference to the 'blackening Church'.
• The reference to soldiers as 'hapless' indicates that they are victims of a system
that uses them as cannon fodder ('Runs in blood down Palace walls'). They are
used to defend and protect the monarchy.
• The word, 'marks' indicates that a life of suffering and poverty has had an adverse
effect on the physical appearance and the emotional state of the citizens. These
'marks' might be self-imposed or are a consequence of the hardships imposed on
them by the state.
• The 'youthful Harlot's' behaviour might be viewed as her only means of survival
because of the unequal social conditions of the time. Unwanted children as a
consequence of this lifestyle are a 'curse'. The children are born into a life of
exploitation, thus perpetuating the suffering and oppression experienced by the
downtrodden.
• However, it might be argued that young girls might have made a different lifestyle
choice in order to avoid continuing the cycle of exploitation and oppression.
• 'The mind-forg'd manacles' might suggest that people have been indoctrinated into
accepting their inferior positions in society. However, it might be argued that the
suffering the citizens experience is self-imposed because they accept their
circumstances when they ought to question their oppression.
• The tone is bitter/condemnatory/rebellious/angry, which can be viewed as an attack
on either the authorities or the apathy of the citizenry, or both.
[Accept mixed responses.]
[A candidate who argues that the suffering citizens are totally responsible for their
suffering or not at all responsible for their suffering can receive full marks.] [10]

QUESTION 2: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
'AUTUMN' – Roy Campbell
2.1 The speaker delights in the stark beauty of the tree branches devoid of their
leaves. The reference to Winter as a 'paragon of art' reflects his view that
winter is the epitome of beauty. He sees Winter as stripping away the
vestiges of the old cycle to make way for new life.
[Award 2 marks for any two relevant and distinct points.] (2)
2.2 The word, 'brim' implies that the harvest has been bountiful and the storage
containers are full to over-flowing./It emphasises the fertility of the previous
season and the reaping of the rewards of a plentiful and abundant harvest.
2.3 The image is a description of the actual pine needles as well as the sharp,
narrow shafts of light that filter through the trees. It emphasises the
sharpness of the light. It is appropriate because it creates an image of
brightness and beauty while also suggesting the sharpness/harshness of the
season. Autumn is associated with both destructiveness and the rejuvenation
of beauty.
[Award 3 marks for any two ideas well discussed OR three ideas.] (3)
2.4 Agree.
Campbell's poem demonstrates that the continuity of life on earth is
dependent on the cyclical nature of the seasons. In order for the new cycle to
begin, Winter has to prepare the way by removing everything that would
hinder new growth. Geese migrate to warmer climates to survive. New growth
is dependent upon the sunlight's being allowed to warm the earth. The sun
aids the growth of fruit that can be harvested and stored as produce for use in
the colder season. At the end of the autumn harvest, the 'rotting stems' are
given a new purpose as fuel for fires in winter.
[A cogent 'Disagree' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on

their merits.]
[10]

'FUTILITY' – Wilfred Owen
3.1 'Home' implies a place of comfort and safety./It represents all that is
antithetical to war in a foreign land.
3.2 The sun is given the characteristics of kindness and gentleness. By

personifying the sun, the speaker suggests the benevolence of nature and its
nurturing qualities.
3.3 The speaker questions why the sun gave life when it is so easily and
pointlessly squandered in war. The rhetorical questions introduce a tone of
frustration and anger. This contrasts with the earlier tone of reverence for the
sun's powers and a desperate hope to believe the sun can revive his
comrade.
[Award full marks only if candidates refer to the contrast in tones.] (3)
3.4 Agree.
The poem reflects the speaker's bitterness and frustration at the
pointlessness of creation in the face of war. The potential/value of life has
been wasted ('limbs so dear-achieved'). His use of the word, 'this' in line 12
demonstrates his contemptuous and cynical attitude to war. The phrase,
'fields unsown' suggests the unfulfilled potential of the young lives lost in war.

their merits.]
[10]

'IN DETENTION' – Chris van Wyk
4.1 The police wish to create the impression that the prisoners' deaths are self-
inflicted or accidental./They are responsible for their own deaths; the police
are presented as innocent.
4.2 'He' is impersonal, suggesting that the detainees are not considered
important enough to have their identities/individuality recognised. It might
also indicate that the police did not want to acknowledge by name those who
had died in detention. The repetition of ‘He’ emphasises the large number of
detainees who died in detention.
4.3 The speaker's tone is sarcastic/scornful/ironic/sardonic. It emphasises his

cynical awareness of and contempt for the lies spewed by the murderous
apartheid police.
Credit candidates who might refer to the tone as impersonal/emotionless.
[Award 1 mark for the identification of the tone and 2 marks for a discussion
of its appropriateness.] (3)
4.4 Agree.
The poem demonstrates the obvious absurdity of the reasons given by the
police for people's dying in detention. The increasingly ridiculous statements
highlight the callousness of the police, who are arrogant and contemptuous
of the rule of law. The speaker satirises the complete disregard the police
have for the truth. Dark humour is used to mock them and the satire
highlights the horror and brutality of the murders in detention.

their merits.]
[10]

UNSEEN POETRY (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 5: CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
'NIGHTSONG: CITY' – Dennis Brutus
5.1 The word, 'restless' suggests a constant mood of unease because of the
dangerous environment. The docks are a hive of activity, even at night, and
there is continual movement/busyness.
[Award 2 marks only if the element of danger resulting in unease is

identified.] (2)
5.2 The word suggests the staccato-like movement of the police cars as they
manoeuvre through the area. This contributes to the image of the police cars’
lurking in the streets. It might refer to the number of police cars in the area.
The image is very disparaging of the police since cockroaches are generally
regarded with disgust.
5.3 Violence in the city is compared to a 'bug-infested rag', which implies that it
has infused itself into the lives of the people to such an extent that there is no
escape. The image suggests the speaker's disgust with the sordid and ugly
conditions of life in the city. The city has become infected with the disease of
violence.
[Award 3 marks for three ideas OR 3 marks for two ideas well discussed.] (3)
5.4 Agree.
A song tends to be associated with celebration and a 'nightsong' in particular
might be associated with a lullaby. However, this poem deals with the sordid
underbelly of life in a city. It focuses on issues of violence, fear and poverty.
The poem is actually a lament.

their merits.]
[Award 3 marks for three ideas OR 3 marks for two ideas well discussed.] (3)
[10]
TOTAL SECTION A: 30

SECTION B: NOVEL
ANIMAL FARM – George Orwell
QUESTION 6: ANIMAL FARM – ESSAY QUESTION
• Below is the basis for answering this essay. Use the following as a guideline only.
However, also allow for answers that are different, original and show evidence of
critical thought and interpretation.
• A range of examples should be used by the candidates to support their arguments.
Candidates might argue that this statement is not entirely true and discuss how
characters are either admirable or seriously flawed or both.
• Old Major's compassion and concern for the well-being of the animals motivates
him to share his philosophy of Animalism with them. He wants them to be
empowered and to take charge of their own lives. However, he is not insightful
enough to foresee Napoleon's abuse of power. The revolution is doomed because
he fails to see that corrupt leaders could readily arise.
• His warning to beware of humans is short-sighted as he does not foresee that the
animals might be betrayed by their own kind.
• Snowball's intention to uplift the lives of the animals is noble. He uses his superior
knowledge to improve conditions on the farm by planning to build the windmill. He
develops the Seven Commandments to make it easier for the animals to
understand the philosophy on which their independence is based and is
courageous in his defence of the farm.
• Snowball is flawed because he gives in to greed and temptation when he
condones the taking of milk and apples for the pigs.
• He is naive in believing that he and Napoleon can work together for the good of
the farm and lacks the foresight to see through Napoleon's machinations.
• Boxer is dependable and devotes himself to working as hard as he can to make a
success of Animal Farm. His loyalty to Animal Farm might be seen as admirable,
while his usually unquestioning loyalty to Napoleon has dire consequences for him
and the other animals that follow his lead.
• Boxer's lack of intelligence and his gullibility are flaws that lead to his downfall.
• Benjamin's loyalty to Boxer is admirable. However, his cynicism might be
considered a flaw as he chooses not to get involved. It may be assumed that his
instinct for self-preservation makes him selfish.
• Napoleon might be admired for his ambition and his single-minded pursuit of being
sole leader. However, his tyranny and oppression of the other animals make him
villainous.
• Squealer's eloquence and persuasiveness might be viewed as desirable qualities,
but his misuse of these potentially positive attributes is criminal.
• Moses allows himself to be used as an instrument of oppression by both Jones
and Napoleon, making him evil. He is hypocritical and self-serving.
• Mollie is a flawed character as she is vain and selfish. She displays a lack of
courage and concern for the other animals, choosing a life of luxury and comfort
rather than working for the greater good of the farm.
[Credit mixed responses/valid alternative responses.] [25]

QUESTION 7: ANIMAL FARM – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
7.1 Snowball is a rival that Napoleon wants to eliminate. Moreover, Napoleon

needs a scapegoat to blame for the various things that start going wrong on
the farm. He needs to identify an enemy for the other animals to resent and,
by comparison, to enhance his own position and reputation. Having an enemy
deflects attention from his shortcomings.
[Award 3 marks for any two ideas well discussed OR any three distinct ideas.] (3)
7.2 Napoleon's accusation that Snowball is an evil traitor is inaccurate. He lies

about Snowball's being corrupt and a deserter. The reality is that Snowball
has the best interests of the animals at heart. He has worked hard to make
their lives easier and he is dedicated to their upliftment. He is loyal to the
principles of Animalism.
[A response suggesting the accuracy of the characterisation is unlikely, but

treat all responses on their merit.]
7.3 Napoleon's insistence that the windmill be rebuilt enhances his status as a
benevolent leader. The windmill was originally intended to make the animals'
lives easier by providing electricity. While the original goal remains and is a
motivating factor for its rebuilding, its purpose now is to enhance Napoleon's
business plans. Furthermore, its construction provides Napoleon with the
opportunity to keep the animals distracted from thinking about the hardships
they are experiencing.
7.4 Napoleon's threats and dictatorial behaviour have created an atmosphere of

fear on the farm. He encourages the animals to be suspicious and doubtful of
one another. This assists Napoleon in suppressing the animals' questioning of
his leadership by heightening their paranoia. The apprehension of Snowball
and the rebuilding of the windmill become matters of urgency. This keeps the
animals focused, allowing Napoleon to continue his rise to power
uncontested.
7.5 The animals have observed that the pigs have taken on human
characteristics, such as walking on their hind legs. The commandments have
been reversed and there is no attempt to hide the pigs' exploitation of the
animals. Napoleon is celebrating the business alliance he has concluded with
Mr Pilkington, which is another indication of his rejection of the original
commandments.

7.6 The symbols and rituals of the revolution are abandoned or altered by
Napoleon and the pigs. Napoleon denies knowing the original significance of
the symbols, indicating a complete rejection of the original vision the animals
had for Animal Farm. He undermines the historical significance of the symbols
of the revolution, as well as old Major's contribution. He disassociates himself
from the revolution. His abolition of these rituals and symbols is a physical
manifestation of the abandoning of the ideals for which the animals originally
fought.
7.7 The name, Animal Farm, was introduced by the animals as a symbol of their
freedom from human tyranny. However, Napoleon's toast celebrates reverting
to the original name of the farm. It is ironic that the revolutionary leaders have
become precisely that which they had fought against and have betrayed the
animals' hard-fought freedom. One form of tyranny has simply been replaced
by another.
[Award 3 marks only if the irony is well discussed.] (3)
7.8 The novel is successful in its criticism because Orwell exposes the dangers of
a totalitarian regime. He does this by describing the abuse of power by a
tyrannical despot. The sacrifices made by the other animals are exploited for
the well-being of the privileged few. Equality is undermined while propaganda
is used to indoctrinate the animals into accepting their suffering and
oppression.
[A cogent contrary response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their

merits.]
[Award 4 marks for any three ideas well discussed OR any four distinct ideas.] (4)
[25]

PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – Jane Austen

QUESTION 8: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – ESSAY QUESTION
Candidates might argue that this statement is not entirely true and discuss how Elizabeth
is either admirable or significantly flawed or both.
• Elizabeth's flaws are her outspokenness and her sharp tongue, together with her
judgmental nature, her pride and her prejudice. These attributes contribute to the
misunderstandings that occur. She naively believes Wickham's version of his life
story. She condemns Darcy based on hearsay, without attempting to verify what she
has heard and is adamant that her actions are well-founded and reasonable.
• It is her pride and her prejudice that contribute to her rejection of Darcy's initial
marriage proposal.
• She prides herself on her ability to judge people, but she is not always correct in her
judgement.
• Elizabeth's praiseworthy characteristics far outweigh her flaws: she is very aware of
how people around her function and is not insensitive to the frailties of those in her
family. She is critical of her mother's ingratiating behaviour.
• She is aware of the passive role that her father plays in the lives of his daughters and
attempts to advise him, especially on matters concerning Lydia.
• Her intervention in attempting to maintain control over her sisters shows her sense of
responsibility to her family and hence her interference in Lydia's plan to go to Brighton.
• Elizabeth is discerning and wise. On hearing of Lydia's elopement, she demands that
her father engage in some damage control because the reputation of her family is
very important to her.
• Elizabeth's anger at Darcy's interference in the Jane-Bingley relationship points to her
single-minded determination to protect her family.
• Because she lives by her own rules and morality, she will not submit to societal
expectations. She sees through the facade of Mr Collins and politely declines his
proposal.
• She is forthright in her criticism of Darcy and is not hypocritical, as she is prepared to
tell him exactly what she thinks of him.
• She confronts Lady Catherine directly and does not allow status and class to
dissuade her from speaking her mind. She is far from intimidated by Lady Catherine.
Her attitude to the Bingley sisters also reveals that she is unaffected by their social
position. She is aware of social norms, but is prepared to critically appraise them and
act accordingly.
• Her wisdom and courage in admitting her failings and doing something about them
are admirable. When she realises that she has been wrong, she apologises. She also
has the ability to laugh at herself.
Candidates may cite other examples of Elizabeth's genuine concern and respect for
others, such as her relationship with the Gardiners, her acceptance of Charlotte's
decision and her later acceptance of Lydia and Wickham.
QUESTION 9: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
9.1 It is unusual for women to be the owners of property. The law of entailment
makes it impossible for women to inherit property, as is the case with the
Bennet girls. Women are therefore under constant pressure to marry in order
to secure their futures. An unmarried woman has reduced status and very
little means to support herself.
9.2 Lady Catherine's claim that one's physical appearance distinguishes a

person of high birth from a commoner indicates that she is a social snob. She
is also biased in that she views her daughter as a beauty when she is not.
Her arrogance and sense of superiority are evident in her condescending
attitude toward anyone of a lower rank.
[Award 3 marks for any two ideas well discussed OR any three distinct
ideas.] (3)
9.3 Lady Catherine is Mr Collins's patroness. She has set him up in a vicarage
with a comfortable house and guaranteed income. This accounts for his
obsequious behaviour toward her. In addition, he feels self-important
because he has ties with a woman of such stature, thus raising his own
status. She becomes his passport to the society of the nobility.
9.4 Mr Bennet is a discerning judge of character and is fully aware of Mr Collins's

sycophantic nature. He sarcastically questions Mr Collins's use of flattery and
is rewarded with a response that intensifies his poor opinion of Mr Collins.
He recognises Mr Collins's insincerity and ulterior motives. He is therefore
not surprised to learn that Mr Collins tailors his comments to suit the
audience and the occasion.
ideas.] (3)
9.5 Elizabeth had rejected Darcy's marriage proposal and had been vociferous in
presenting her reasons for her dislike of him. These included her belief that
he was conceited and self-centred. She blamed him for his arrogant treatment
of Wickham and for preventing Wickham from inheriting his rightful share of
Darcy's father's estate. On later learning the truth and the role that Darcy
played in securing the marriage between Wickham and Lydia, she is
embarrassed by her behaviour.

9.6 At the beginning of the novel, Darcy is disparaging of Elizabeth, her family
and her social position. He is proud and intolerant, remaining aloof from those
of lower social standing. It is atypical that a man of his social position should
admit his failings. Darcy's admission here shows the extent to which he has
overcome his prejudice and become more approachable.
9.7 Lady Catherine had insisted that Elizabeth should terminate her relationship
with Darcy, which would have made her [Lady Catherine] happy. However,
her interference has the opposite effect in that she is instrumental in bringing
them together. Elizabeth's defiance attracts Darcy even more and results in
his second proposal. It is ironic that Lady Catherine's efforts to keep Elizabeth
and Darcy apart have actually resulted in their union. This would not please
her.
9.8 Elizabeth and Darcy engage in a frank and spirited conversation. By

speaking her mind freely and intelligently, Elizabeth impresses Darcy
because she reveals herself to be a woman of substance and an
independent thinker. In Austen's society, courting couples usually display a
sense of decorum. Women are expected to be submissive and compliant.
This is because they have been taught to be demure and accommodating if
they hope to find a suitable husband. Declarations of love and intelligent
discussions about feelings are generally avoided.
[Award 4 marks for any three ideas well discussed OR any four distinct
ideas.] (4)
[25]

THE GREAT GATSBY – F Scott Fitzgerald
QUESTION 10: THE GREAT GATSBY – ESSAY QUESTION
Candidates might argue that this statement is not valid and discuss how Gatsby's
flaws outweigh his admirable qualities, or they may offer a mixed response.
• Gatsby might seem to have achieved the American Dream, as he has successfully
acquired great wealth and re-invented himself. But Gatsby is involved in organised
crime, which contradicts the expectations inherent in the original American Dream.
• Although Gatsby at first aspires to the achievement of happiness through hard
work and ability, as his boyhood 'Schedule' shows, his meeting with Dan Cody
teaches him to be ruthless, even criminal, in his pursuit of success.
• Later, his association with Wolfshiem results in his becoming a big-time criminal.
• His bribing of the police officer and his making a shady business proposition to
Nick are an indication of his questionable morals and his tackiness.
• His dream of winning Daisy is obsessive, as well as immature. His inability to
change or adapt his dream as he grows older might be considered a flaw.
However, some might consider the tragic purity of his love to be admirable.
• Gatsby has not been honest with Daisy, allowing her to believe that he comes
from the same background as she does.
• Over the years, he has created an idealistic image of Daisy as perfect. The real
Daisy, however, proves to be unworthy of his devotion.
• His unrealistic expectations are clearly illustrated by his belief that he can turn
back time and re-create the past. He wants Daisy to deny her life with Tom. This,
despite the fact that he is destroying a marriage and contributing to the break-up of
a family.
• Gatsby is insensitive to that which lies outside his obsession, showing no concern
for Myrtle's death as he is fully focused on Daisy's well-being.
• He is steadfast in his devotion to Daisy and is even prepared to take the blame for
Myrtle's death to protect her.
• Despite his flaws, Gatsby at least has a dream. Amid people who drift aimlessly
and lead purposeless lives, he stands out in his single-minded pursuit of his
dream.
• He has an 'extraordinary gift for hope', as Nick observes, and is 'worth the whole
damn bunch put together'.
• His generosity – replacing the dress of a partygoer with a more expensive one; his
purchase of a house for his father – is admirable.
• Candidates might refer to his ostentatious lifestyle as being a lure to capture
Daisy. This might be considered tacky or an indication of his admirable
determination to achieve his dream.

QUESTION 11: THE GREAT GATSBY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
11.1 Gatsby is overwhelmed that he has reunited with Daisy. He is not

concentrating on what Nick is saying because he is distracted by thoughts of
being with her. He is overcome by emotion and not as much in control of his
thoughts as he usually is.
11.2 Gatsby's house is a symbol of his wealth and success. It represents his
dream of being part of Daisy's world. He wants to make it clear to Daisy that
he will be able to provide her with the luxurious lifestyle to which she is
accustomed. The size of the house and its ostentation will prove to her that
he is worthy of her.
ideas.] (3)
11.3 Gatsby sees nothing wrong with making a shady business proposition as
payment for a favour. In his world of lax moral codes, this is the norm.
However, Nick, who comes from a background which espouses solid,
traditional morals, finds Gatsby's offer offensive. His reluctance in responding
to Gatsby's proposition shows that he is above being corrupted and is wary of
anything morally questionable.
[Award 3 marks only if both Gatsby and Nick are discussed.] (3)
11.4 Gatsby's parties epitomise the decadence and waste that characterise
Fitzgerald's America. The partygoers are portrayed as superficial, frivolous,
purposeless and morally careless. Individuals from various social levels are
opportunistic, using the parties to build networks that are beneficial to them.
11.5 Tom's suspicions about Gatsby's business dealings have been confirmed. In
addition, Tom has just discovered that Gatsby is having an affair with his wife.
Tom wants to discredit Gatsby and ensure that Daisy stays with him.
11.6 Tom is contemptuous of Gatsby and voices strong disapproval of his being a
bootlegger. However, Tom is a hypocrite as, despite Prohibition, he also buys
and consumes alcohol, presumably acquired from a bootlegger. Furthermore,
Tom defends the involvement of his friend, Walter Chase, who was part of
the same bootlegging business. It is ironic that Tom is critical of Gatsby while
he benefits from Gatsby's criminal activity.

11.7 Whenever Daisy is faced with a situation which she finds uncomfortable, her
general reaction is to retreat. She dislikes confrontation as it means that she
has to take action. In this extract she finds the argument between Tom and
Gatsby intolerable. The reality of Gatsby's criminal involvement is too much
to face, therefore she withdraws into herself.
ideas.] (3)
11.8 In this extract, it is evident that Daisy has chosen Tom over Gatsby, yet
Gatsby refuses to accept the situation.
He naively believes that making a lot of money will win Daisy back. The
dubious means by which he acquires this wealth destroys his chances of a
future with Daisy. His dream is based on an illusion because he has created
an idealistic image of Daisy. The real Daisy, however, will fall far short of his
vision. He assumes that the past five years can be erased. Gatsby has
allowed Daisy to believe that he comes from the same background as she
does. His dream is doomed because he will never be accepted into the
society of old money, and Daisy is not prepared to give up that status. It is
evident that his dream is unattainable from the beginning because it is
unrealistic, impractical and lacks integrity.
ideas.] (4)
[25]
TOTAL SECTION B: 25

SECTION C: DRAMA
OTHELLO – William Shakespeare
QUESTION 12: OTHELLO – ESSAY QUESTION
Disagree:
• Othello has reached the position of general through sheer hard work, skill and
determination despite the odds against him. He is a brilliant soldier and is highly
respected.
• He has spent the greater part of his life in the army and as such his unfamiliarity
with civilian life provides Iago with the opportunity to manipulate him.
• Iago uses Othello's trusting nature, vulnerability and insecurities to sow seeds of
doubt in Othello's mind. Iago's strong manipulative character corrupts Othello's
better nature, making Othello a victim.
• As an honourable man, Othello expects others to subscribe to the same values as
those to which he does.
• Since he relies increasingly on Iago, Othello becomes isolated and is manipulated
by the circumstantial evidence of the handkerchief.
• Cassio's suspicious behaviour unwittingly lends credibility to Iago's innuendos and
convinces Othello that his wife is unfaithful.
• Perhaps, since he believes in the concept of military justice, Othello's decision to kill
Desdemona might be anticipated.
Agree:
• Othello's flaw is that he is too trusting and allows himself to be manipulated. He is a
poor judge of character and so embroiled in his personal anguish that he allows it to
cloud his judgement.
• Othello becomes increasingly irrational as he is consumed by his jealousy. He is
unable to think clearly.
• His abusive behaviour toward Desdemona and his vulgar language when speaking
to or about her cannot be condoned.
• Othello's pride will not allow him to be disgraced; he feels the need to punish those
who have tarnished his reputation.
• Othello's failure to listen to Desdemona is a serious flaw, with fatal consequences.
His only evidence for Desdemona's supposed infidelity is flimsy.
• When Othello is convinced that Desdemona is unfaithful, he becomes blind to
reason. He plots Cassio's death and murders Desdemona. Desdemona's death is
tragic and undeserved.

QUESTION 13: OTHELLO – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
13.1 Roderigo is frustrated/indignant/resentful because he thinks that Iago has

known about the relationship between Othello and Desdemona but has failed
to share this knowledge with him. Roderigo is infatuated with Desdemona
and Iago has promised to win her for him. He is aggrieved because he
provides Iago with money, hoping that Iago will secure a meeting between
him and Desdemona.
13.2 In this extract, we are aware of Iago's jealousy. His grievance is directed at
Cassio for being Othello's man of choice and at Othello for not giving him the
position that he believes is his due. Iago's resentment will serve as the
catalyst for the web of deceit that he will weave in order to destroy both
Othello and Cassio. Roderigo is important as Iago's catspaw, i.e. dupe who is
used by the villain.
13.3 ' 'Sblood' is a blasphemous oath that conveys Iago's intense emotion and his
supposed commitment to Roderigo. Iago's first exclamation reinforces the
sense of his frustration that Roderigo does not appear to believe him. He
claims that he has not even dreamt of the possibility of a relationship
between Desdemona and Othello and gives Roderigo permission to hate him
if he has proven to have done so. Iago's choice of language is intended to
reassure Roderigo of his trustworthiness.
ideas.] (3)
13.4 Iago accuses Othello of being proud; however, it is he who is proud and filled
with rage that his worth has been overlooked by Othello. He feels peeved that
Othello has disregarded him when he is directly in line for the position of
lieutenant./It is ironic that he accuses Othello of selecting Cassio for his own
purposes when in fact it is Iago who has hidden motives for all his actions.
[Award 3 marks only if irony is well discussed.] (3)
13.5 Iago intends to use the handkerchief as the 'ocular proof' of Desdemona's
infidelity. Furthermore, by planting the handkerchief in Cassio's room, Iago
strengthens the impression that Cassio is Desdemona's lover. The
sentimental value of the handkerchief intensifies Othello's jealousy.

13.6 Othello feels as if he is being tortured and is in immense agony at the thought
that Desdemona has been unfaithful to him. The image vividly expresses the
intensity of his anguish. Although the pain is emotional, it is as if it is
dreadfully physical as well. His mind is in turmoil and his imagination runs
wild with thoughts of Desdemona's alleged behaviour.
13.7 Iago creates the impression that he is concerned about Othello and wants to
comfort him. He presents himself as a good friend who is caring and
sympathetic toward Othello's distressed state. He actually says very little
because he wants Othello to continue ranting in order to exacerbate his
[Othello's] suffering and to intensify his anger toward Desdemona.
13.8 No.
Othello's dramatic speech is an insult to Desdemona, who has been tried in
his mind and found to be guilty of infidelity. Desdemona has done nothing
wrong. She continues to be a devoted and loving wife to Othello. She
absolves him of all blame even on her death bed, demonstrating the intensity
of her love for and devotion to him.
OR
Yes.
The insecure Othello who continues to feel like an outsider in Venetian
society despite his marriage to Desdemona is vulnerable. He finds it difficult
to believe that the beautiful and highly sought-after Desdemona should
choose him for her husband. This innate fear and insecurity are what Iago
capitalises on to convince Othello that Desdemona is unfaithful. Othello is
trusting and has no reason to doubt Iago's credibility.
[Credit mixed responses/valid alternative responses.]
ideas.] (4)
[25]

THE CRUCIBLE – Arthur Miller
QUESTION 14: THE CRUCIBLE – ESSAY QUESTION
Disagree:
• Proctor is an honest, hard-working, upstanding member of the community. He has
gained the respect of many of the villagers.
• Although Proctor's affair with Abigail has earned his wife's distrust, he has done
everything he can to make amends.
• Proctor is a victim of Abigail's jealousy and desire for revenge, as well as the girls'
desire to protect themselves against accusations of witchcraft. Abigail and the girls'
manipulation of the court officials creates an environment in which innocent people
like Proctor are undeservedly punished.
• People such as the Putnams take advantage of the hysteria and superstition that
prevail in the village. Because Proctor exposes their ulterior motives, he becomes
their scapegoat.
• Mary's failure to tell the court the truth about the dancing increases Proctor's
frustration and he denounces the court, resulting in his arrest.
• Proctor's sense of justice causes him to speak up for those who are accused.
• Proctor has spoken out openly against Parris and has not attended church
regularly. He becomes the subject of Parris's vindictiveness.
• Proctor's execution is a result of the court officials' being too proud to admit that
their judgment has been flawed.
• Proctor's protection of his 'name' results in his refusal to make a false confession
and leads to his execution.
• Puritanism, the theocratic system, hysteria, paranoia, intolerance and perversion of
religion contribute in varying degrees to Proctor's demise.
Agree:
• Proctor's affair and his continuing flirtation with Abigail cannot be condoned. He is
responsible for giving her false hope and contributing to her desire to seek revenge.
• His pride and his desire to protect his reputation lead him to remain silent about the
affair. He also knows that the girls are lying but he cannot expose them without
implicating himself. This contributes to the hysteria in the village and ultimately to
his demise.
• Proctor can be accused of foolish stubbornness. His self-sacrifice is unnecessary. If
he had signed the confession, he could have remained alive and helped the village
restore justice and reason.

QUESTION 15: THE CRUCIBLE – CONTEXTUAL
15.1 Parris is afraid because his daughter and his niece have been implicated in
activities that are allegedly demonic. He fears that his reputation as the
minister in Salem will be tarnished and that his position will be compromised.
ideas.] (3)
15.2 Tituba is a black slave and therefore at the very bottom of the social
hierarchy. Society does not expect that Hale be kind to her. She would
expect to be spurned, so Hale's compassion and respectful treatment are
surprising. Furthermore, she has been implicated in witchcraft and judged by
everyone else and would be expecting the same treatment from Hale.
ideas.] (3)
15.3 Hale is proud of his 'scientific knowledge' of witchcraft and is excited to put
this knowledge on display. His pride obscures his reason. His arrogant
attitude contributes to his being unable to think logically, and he perceives
the signs of witchcraft everywhere. He sees himself as the villagers' saviour
and relishes the power and status this affords him. He considers himself
magnanimous in his treatment of Tituba.
ideas.] (3)
15.4 The fact that Hale empowers Tituba persuades the other young, unmarried
girls who have no status in Salem to accuse others of witchcraft as a means
of gaining power for themselves. The girls realise that they can escape
punishment for their misdeeds. They suddenly become important and have
the opportunity to wield influence in the village. Their newly discovered power
unleashes their desire for revenge/retribution. They will do anything to protect
their new status.
ideas.] (3)
15.5 Danforth's eyes are narrowing because he realises he is not going to get
what he wants from Proctor. Without Proctor's confession, it will be more
difficult to persuade the other condemned prisoners to 'confess' and thus
ensure their freedom. His facial expression reflects his displeasure and
annoyance at Proctor's defiance. He is scrutinising Proctor's response and
might be trying to intimidate him into submission/providing the answers for
which he is hoping.
ideas.] (3)

15.6 The victims are given the opportunity to confess to witchcraft. This confession
would save their lives. The irony is that Danforth claims not to have the
authority to pardon Proctor, yet he does have the power.
OR
A further irony is that, despite the claim that he will not reward a lie, Danforth
does actually pressure Proctor to lie. In fact, he has already rewarded the
girls’ lies.
[Award 3 marks only if irony is well discussed.] (3)
15.7 Rebecca is a highly respected member of Salem village. She is wise,

benevolent and virtuous. She is a role model and stands for what is right.
Danforth is determined to find incontrovertible proof of her guilt before her
execution in order to safeguard the position of the court. A confession from
such a person would also seem to justify the court's actions.
15.8 Yes.
Proctor is being asked to betray his conscience. His being able to see
through the unrighteousness of the people around him adds to his intense
hatred, anger and frustration. He does not want the legacy of his good name
destroyed. He feels forced into making an untenable decision, choosing his
name over his life and happiness.
[A cogent 'No' answer is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their

merits.]
[Credit mixed responses/valid alternative responses.]
ideas.] (4)
[25]
TOTAL SECTION C: 25
GRAND TOTAL: 80

SECTION A: Assessment rubric for literary essay – Poetry (10)
Criteria Exceptional Skilful Moderate Elementary Inadequate

8–10 6–7 4–5 2–3 0–1
CONTENT -In-depth -Shows -Fair interpretation of -Unsatisfactory -No understanding of
interpretation of topic understanding and topic interpretation of the topic
Interpretation of topic. -Range of striking has interpreted topic -Some good points in topic -No reference to the
Depth of argument, arguments; well support of topic -Hardly any points poem
justification and grasp extensively -Fairly detailed -Some arguments in support of topic -Learner has not
of text. supported from poem response supported, but -Inadequate come to grips with
-Excellent -Sound arguments evidence is not always understanding of genre and poem
7 MARKS understanding given, but not all of convincing genre and poem
of genre and poem them as well -Basic understanding
motivated as they of genre and poem
could be
-Understanding of
genre and poem
STRUCTURE AND -Coherent structure -Clear structure and -Some evidence of -Structure shows -Poorly structured
LANGUAGE -Arguments well- logical flow of structure faulty planning -Serious language
structured and clearly argument -Essay lacks a well- -Arguments not errors and incorrect
Structure, logical flow developed -Flow of argument structured flow of logic logically arranged style
and presentation. -Language, tone and can be followed and coherence -Language errors
Language, tone and style mature, -Language, tone and -Language errors evident
style used in the essay impressive, correct style largely correct minor; tone and style -Inappropriate
-Virtually error-free mostly appropriate tone and style
3 MARKS grammar, spelling
and punctuation
MARK RANGE 8–10 6–7 4–5 2–3 0–1
• A creative response must be awarded 0 for Content and 0 for Language and Structure.

SECTIONS B AND C: Assessment rubric for literary essay – Novel and Drama (25)
Criteria Exceptional Skilful Moderate Elementary Inadequate
CONTENT 12–15 9–11 6–8 4–5 0–3

-Outstanding response: -Shows understanding -Mediocre -Scant -Very little
Interpretation of 14-15 and has interpreted interpretation of interpretation of understanding
topic. Depth of Excellent response: 12-13 topic well topic; not all aspects topic; hardly any of the topic
argument, -In-depth interpretation of -Fairly detailed explored in detail aspects explored in -Weak attempt to
justification and topic response -Some good points detail answer the question
grasp of text. -Range of striking -Some sound in support of topic -Few points in -Arguments not
arguments arguments given, but -Some arguments support of topic convincing
15 MARKS extensively supported not all of them as well
supported, but -Very little relevant -Learner has not
from text motivated as they evidence is not argument come to grips with
-Excellent understanding could be always convincing -Little genre or text
of genre and text -Understanding of -Partial understanding of
genre and text evidentunderstanding of genre and text
genre and text
STRUCTURE AND 8–10 6–7 4–5 2–3 0–1
LANGUAGE -Coherent structure -Clear structure and -Some evidence of -Structure shows -Lack of planned
-Excellent introduction and logical flow of structure faulty planning. structure impedes
Structure, logical conclusion argument -Logic and -Arguments not flow of argument
flow and -Arguments well- -Introduction and coherence apparent, logically arranged -Language errors
presentation. structured and clearly conclusion and other but flawed -Language errors and incorrect style
Language, tone and developed paragraphs coherently -Some language evident. make this an
style used in the -Language, tone and style organised errors; tone and -Inappropriate tone unsuccessful piece
essay. mature, impressive, -Logical flow of style mostly and style of writing
correct argument appropriate -Paragraphing -Inappropriate tone
10 MARKS -Language, tone and -Paragraphing faulty and style
style largely correct mostly correct -Paragraphing faulty
MARK RANGE 20–25 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4
• There must not be more than two categories' difference between the Structure and Language mark and the Content mark.
• A creative response must be awarded 0 for Content and 0 for Language and Structure.
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GRAAD 12

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P2

These marking guidelines consist of 24 pages.

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• These marking guidelines are intended as a guide for markers.

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QUESTION 1: POETRY – ESSAY QUESTION

'LONDON' – William Blake

[Accept mixed responses.]

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QUESTION 2: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'AUTUMN' – Roy Campbell

[A cogent 'Disagree' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on

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QUESTION 3: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'FUTILITY' – Wilfred Owen

3.2 The sun is given the characteristics of kindness and gentleness. By

[A cogent 'Disagree' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on

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QUESTION 4: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'IN DETENTION' – Chris van Wyk

4.3 The speaker's tone is sarcastic/scornful/ironic/sardonic. It emphasises his

Credit candidates who might refer to the tone as impersonal/emotionless.

[A cogent 'Disagree' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on

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UNSEEN POETRY (COMPULSORY)

QUESTION 5: CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'NIGHTSONG: CITY' – Dennis Brutus

[Award 2 marks only if the element of danger resulting in unease is

[A cogent 'Disagree' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on

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ANIMAL FARM – George Orwell

QUESTION 6: ANIMAL FARM – ESSAY QUESTION

[Credit mixed responses/valid alternative responses.] [25]

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QUESTION 7: ANIMAL FARM – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

7.1 Snowball is a rival that Napoleon wants to eliminate. Moreover, Napoleon

7.2 Napoleon's accusation that Snowball is an evil traitor is inaccurate. He lies

[A response suggesting the accuracy of the characterisation is unlikely, but

7.4 Napoleon's threats and dictatorial behaviour have created an atmosphere of

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[Award 3 marks only if the irony is well discussed.] (3)

[A cogent contrary response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their

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PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – Jane Austen

QUESTION 9: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

9.2 Lady Catherine's claim that one's physical appearance distinguishes a

9.4 Mr Bennet is a discerning judge of character and is fully aware of Mr Collins's

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[Award 3 marks only if the irony is well discussed.] (3)

9.8 Elizabeth and Darcy engage in a frank and spirited conversation. By

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THE GREAT GATSBY – F Scott Fitzgerald

QUESTION 10: THE GREAT GATSBY – ESSAY QUESTION

[Credit mixed responses/valid alternative responses.] [25]

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QUESTION 11: THE GREAT GATSBY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

11.1 Gatsby is overwhelmed that he has reunited with Daisy. He is not

[Award 3 marks only if the irony is well discussed.] (3)