JPPIPA 6(2) (2020)

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA

Journal of Research in Science Education

http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/index

Development of Problem-Based Learning Student Worksheets to

Facilitate Students’ Problem Solving Skills
Sri Wahyuni1*, Yuni Sri Rahayu2, Sifak Indana3
1 Science Education Study Program Postgraduate, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia
2 Biology Education Study Program, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia
3 Biology Education Study Program, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v6i2.427

Article Info Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop Problem-Based Learning student
Received : April 20th, 2020 worksheets on bioremediation material to facilitate students authentic problem solving
Revised : June 5th, 2020 skills. The development used a procedural development model called ADDIE (Analysis,
Accepted : June 12th, 2020 Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects in this study were
Biology Students at Surabaya State University. Data collection used validation, observation,
and test techniques. Student worksheets quality measurement obtained by a rating scale
instrument in the form of a validation sheet. The developed teaching materials were in the
form of Semester Learning Design, Unit Of Lectures, Student worksheets, and problem
solving skills-based question for evaluation purposed. This developed teaching materials
had been validated by experts, with scores of SLD 3.36, UOL scores 3.44, Student
worksheets were 3.36 respectively. In addition, the average score of practicality and
effectiveness in pre-test and post-test of the developed teaching materials were 4.00, 1.85,
and 3.40 respectively. All the developed teaching materials were in very good
qualifications. Based on data analyzed, it could be concluded that the developed student
worksheets on bioremediation material was valid so that it can facilitate authentic problem
solving skills in Biology Students at State University of Surabaya and is feasible to be used
as a teaching learning materials.

Keywords: Student worksheets; Problem Based Learning; Problem Solving Skills;

Bioremediation.

Citation: Wahyuni, S., Rahayu, Y.S., & Indana, S. (2020). Development of Problem-Based Learning Student Worksheets to
Facilitate Students’ Problem Solving Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA), 6(2), 162-165. doi:
https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i2.427

Introduction that study subject contributes on human life circle roles

toward the environment. Thus, because ecotoxicology
The rapid growth and acceleration of human is able to accelerate critical, rational, and logical
activities on industrializations cause negative thoughts. Ecotoxicology is also a study subject that can
environment changes and worsen the quality of the provide skills to students to be able to use logical
environment. Thus, it needs a hard work to overcome thought to solve several problem especially that appear
that problem. One of the courses at the university that on environment, and the materials contained in the
could potentially contribute to solve environment study subject also can accelerate the skills of the
problems is Ecotoxicology. students on analyzing environmental changes which
Ecotoxicology is a study subject which plays will possibly happen in the future, so problem
important roles on the progress of education, besides, solutions can possibly be planned to overcome and
___________
Email: [email protected]

Copyright © 2020, Wahyuni et al.

This open access article is distributed under a (CC-BY License)
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) July 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2, 162-165

solve negative effect of environment change that problems on the field of study, finding the goals of
happen (Yulianto, 2017). development, finding object of development,
Others of the material subjects in ecotoxicology identifying components which is needed on
which can facilitate on overcoming and solving waste development, and arrange plans for implementation
are bioremediation and Phytoremediation. and application of the development. The second step is
Bioremediation is a technique about how to process design. This step consists of two activities, they are
waste by using microorganism to degrade chemical designing the whole component on product, and
compound which is environmentally safe (Puspitasari, arranging the goal of product development. The third
2016). step is development. On this step, researcher develop
Considering the importance of this study subject research instrument, develop product based on the
toward human circle life, it is expected that a teacher is design, and do some revision. The fourth step is
able to design study source by applying relevant model implemented, during this step researcher implement
on teaching learning process somehow that can and apply the product by using one group pretest and
facilitate problem solving skills, one of which is posttest design. The last step is evaluated. This step is
Problem Based Learning (PBL), it is a teaching learning applied on each ADDIE step to achieve suggestion
process model that is designed based on authentic from lecturer and validator, somehow that it produces
problems that direct students to do investigation aimed a research product that is valid and proper to be
to accelerate problem solving skills (Arends, 2013). implemented as teaching learning tools.
Based on meaningful teaching learning theory The design applied during the implementation
Ausubel (1968) a contextual teaching learning process was one group pretest and posttest design, as shown:
which correlate material subjects with daily life will be
much more meaningful for the students, and will U1 L U2
provide students with problem solving skills.
According to a research by Argaw et al (2017), it is Figure 2. Scheme One Group Pretest-Postest Design
stated that teaching learning process based on problem (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005)
can increase and accelerate problem solving skills and Information:
can also motivate students to study more active so the U1 : Pretest, to know the problem solving skills of the
academic prestation can increase. students before application.
The aim of this study was to develop student L : Application to the students using teaching learning
worksheets based on problem based learning on materials based on problem based learning.
bioremediation material subject to facilitate problem U2 : Posttest, to know the problem solving skills of the
solving authentic skills in order to help students to find students after application.
solution on environment problem.
Research Subjects
Method The population of the research object was the
students of biology study program on the even
The type of the research is development research semester who take ecotoxicology course. The research
using ADDIE model. ADDIE model is a development sample consists of 15 students which was conducted on
research model consist of several steps, they are: March in Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
analyze, implement, and evaluate (Branch, 2009).
Data Collections
Research Designing The technique of data collection on this research
was validation technique. Validation technique was
applied to achieve both qualitative and quantitative
data. The quantitative data was in a form of score
which is given by both validator (who are experts in
both material subjects and teaching learning media) to
developed student worksheets by using validation
sheet to various aspect of student worksheet.
Validation sheet uses scoring range between 1 to 4 with
the category of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were worse, less good,
Figure 1. ADDIE model scheme (Branch, 2009) good, and excellent respectively. While the qualitative
Figure 1 it can be seen that ADDIE development data is in a form of suggestion given by validator that
model consists of five steps. The first step is analyzed. can be used to revise the developed student
This steps consists of five steps, they are observing worksheets.
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Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) July 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2, 162-165

Data Analysis environmental problems by stating the ideas or

Data analysis techniques were obtained from the suggestions due to these problems (Depdiknas, 2006).
average of the validation given by the two validators The developed worksheets also get suggestions
and then were used to determine the quality of the from validators which aimed in order the student
student worksheets in accordance with criteria worksheets to be implemented better. The suggestion
determined by Ratumanan and Laurent (2011). was including to provide enough time allocation, to
Table 1: Classification of Validation Criteria change the topics, the available explanation of the
Score Interval Rating Information pictures, and the standardized appearance of
Category graphically. Based on those suggestions, the student
3,60 <score< 4,00 Very valid Very effective worksheets were revised and evaluate again before
2,60 <score < 3,59 Valid Effective
using.
1,60 <score< 2,59 less valid Quite effective
The developed student worksheets also revered
1,00<score<1,59 invalid Not effective
to teaching learning model based on PBL which was
combined with problem solving skills indicators on
Percentage of agreement between score of two
every steps of teaching learning process. It means that
validators is based on the inter observer agreement
the developed student worksheets reflected the
obtained from analyzing the percentage of agreement
teaching learning process based on authentic
(R) statistics as follows (Borich, 1994).
environmental problems. The syntax of teaching
learning process was directing the students to problem,
R= x 100% prepare the students to follow teaching learning
activities, to guide a personal or teamwork research, to
Where: develop and to present scientific products, including to
R: Reliability (An instrument is considered reliable if R analyze and to evaluate problem solving process
> 75%) (Arends, 2008).
A: Validator score with a high score Problem solving skills indicators consist of
B: Validator score with a low score. identifying problem, examine problem, applying plan,
and evaluate also reanalyze (Mourtos, 2004). The topics
Result and Discussion applied on designing student worksheets also considers
authentic problem which is well known by students,
Tabel 2 reveals that the developed student happen around student’s home, and the problem is a
worksheets in validation and reliability were 3.36 and new one. The matter is correlated with the goal aimed
90% respectively with valid category. These results to reach on this research. All these activities can
were supported by the criteria of Ratumanan and facilitate student skills on problem solving.
Laurent (2011). That results of this research is also supported by
The valid category is achieved by this developed Bahri et al (2018), which stated that problem based
student worksheet. Because during the development, teaching learning model synchronized with problem
all the components, which stimulate and accommodate solving based student worksheets as teaching learning
student activities both physical and mental activeness, source. Thus, it is known that the teaching learning
were as a special attention. In addition, the student materials affect toward the increase of the problem
worksheets were developed to facilitate them on solving skills of the students.
conveying information to solve the authentic

Table 2. Validation Outcome of Student Worksheets

No Aspect Score of Validation Average Category R
V1 V2
1 Theory
a. Worksheets match with lecture goal 3 4 3,5 Valid 86%
b. The content proper (concept, facts, principle) 3 4 3,5 Valid 86%
c. Material Subject of Worksheet is well designed 3 4 3,5 Valid 86%
and proper
2 Language
a. Readable language and up to date and match 3 3 3 Valid 100%
with the growth of ecotoxicology nowadays
b. Use proper Indonesian language 3 3 3 Valid 100%
c. Use proper and understandable word vocabulary 3 3 3 Valid 100%

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Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) July 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2, 162-165

No Aspect Score of Validation Average Category R

V1 V2
3 Precentation
a. Generate motivation/interest/eagerness 4 3 3,5 Valid 86%
b. Understandable Worksheet activity procedure 4 3 3,5 Valid 86%
c. Show teaching learning process based on PBL
1. Directing student to the problem 4 3 3,5 Valid 86%
2. Preparing student learning
3. Guiding independent and group research
4. Present and develop the result of the discussion
d. Show teaching learning process which facilitate 4 3 3,5 Valid 86%
problem solving skills
1. Define or explain problem clearly
2. Examine problem
3. Do plan
4. Evaluate and revise
e. Train skill process to student 4 3 3,5 Valid 86%
Average Score 3,36 90%
Information: Validity: V1= Validator 1; V2=Validator 2

Conclusion Annual Coferenceon Engineering Education,

Mumbai.
The developed student worksheets was valid to Puspitasari, D. J. (2016). Study of Bioremediation in
be implemented in teaching learning process to Polluted Soil of Pesticides. Kovalen, 2(3): 98-106
facilitate student’ problem solving authentic skills. Ratumanan, T. G. & Laurens, T. (2011). Penilaian Hasil
Belajar pada Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Surabaya:
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