Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF

AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED
TEACHING (EDUC 6)
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

Zorilla, Rica Pearl R.

Student

Ana Maria A. Bonito, PhD.

Associate Professor V

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

1. Look for a research outputs by notable person in education.

a. Metacognition
This technique involves reflecting on one's own thinking and learning in order to
improve student learning for both immediate results and to aid students in
comprehending their own learning process.
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

The notable person in terms of education are in the following.

1. John Locke (1632-1704) – The Empirist Educator

He is the philosopher that states knowledge are acquire through the senses-
learning by doing and interacting with the environment. According to Locke,
education should be used to instill virtue in youngsters by enabling reason to
triumph over desire. On its section 38, "The Principle of all Vertue and Excellency
lies in a power of denying our selves the satisfaction of our own desires, where
Reason does not authorize them," children should be taught self-control. He
believed that although children were generally self-centered and motivated by their
own goals, they were not inherently evil and instead picked up bad behavior
through observation. Education was to be focused on teaching moral behavior in
society rather than on examining the individual's aspirations. the power of reason
to overcome desire. It follows logically that education is essential to a person's
moral growth and social integration. Education entails a rigorous and practical
process of developing each person in accordance with their temperament and
abilities.

2. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) -Utilitarian Education

Spencer’s concept of “survival of the fittest” means that human development
had gone through an evolutionary series of stages from the simple to the complex
and the uniform to the more specialized kind of activity He places a lot of
emphasis on vocational and professional education that is founded on scientific and
practical goals since he believes that we need to be fit in our society. In terms of
education, he promoted automatic learning based on student interest and stressed
the importance of it in the teaching process. In terms of moral education, Spencer
argued that individual self-preservation is the most significant moral principle and
created the formula for moral evolution. The curriculum should emphasize the
practical, utilitarian, and specific subjects that help humankind master the
environment
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

3. John Dewey (1859-1952) – Learning through Experience

He believes that learning is a continuous process and the best educator is our
experience. Education is a social process so school is intimately related to the
society that it serves. It indicates that young people in groups, particularly children,
are encouraged to participate in society and that schools serve as the society that
children need to learn in. Its goal is to simplify, purify, and integrate the group's
social experience so that kids can understand, explore, and use it. The overarching
goal is to support people in continuing their personal and social development. He
also added the “Schools are for the People and by the People”, pertains to learners
and stakeholders exercising and experiencing democracy in school when schools
are democratic institutions where everyone, regardless of age, ethnicity, or social
status, is welcomed and encouraged to participate in the democratic process of
decision-making.

4. George Counts (1889-1974) – Building a New Social Order

He believed that teachers might play a significant role in bringing about social
change and that they could educate and lead society by teaching students, or agent
for change. Education is not based on eternal truths but relative to a particular
society living in a given time and place. Schools are also ought to provide an
education that affords equal learning opportunities to all students, and instrument
for social improvement rather than agency for preserving the status quo.

5. Theodore Brameld (1904-1987) - Social Reconstruction

As its name suggests, social reconstruction is a philosophy that places a strong
emphasis on reforming society. Schools are charged with examining the local
community and educating students about social issues so they can work together to
find solutions that will improve their communities. It also asserts that schools
should organize education by reducing the gap between the values of culture and
technology. According to Theodore Brameld, the purpose of education is to use
institutions of learning as agents of social change. The information and skills that
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

are worthwhile to study include those in science, economics, mathematics, human

relations, the arts, religion, and politics since these fields may teach people to
reason. He placed special emphasis on tackling social issues and a drive to build a
better society and global democracy. Education as power refers to education that is
strong and competent enough to allow the majority of people to make decisions
about the type of world they want to live in and how to get there. The other
abilities that man has acquired and will utilize to either destroy him or transform
him can only be subdued by the power of education.

6. Paulo Friere (1921-1997) – Critical Pedagogy Vs. Banking Method

He believes that education shouldn't be neutral; rather, it should work to advance
social justice and equality. He argued that educators should actively participate in
the fight for social and political change and should work to empower students to
become change agents in their own communities. Education should be focused on
creating critically aware, "humanized," learners who act to liberate themselves and
the rest of the world from injustice, defend and uphold the status quo or assist in
reality criticism and change. The system must be changed to overcome oppression
and improve human conditions, this comes from the education and literacy itself of
the people that are essential to aiming for this social change. He said that the
educator deposit information into the student head deposits and this is what teacher
as a banking which called a system as banking method of education. In the school
institution, it should have a democratic relationship between the teacher and
students and develop tolerant sensitivity during the dialogue process, the basis for
banking education where the is no discussion only imposition of teacher ideas to
students.

b. Strategies to develop metacognition.

Monitoring
1. Students should learn about how their minds are wired for growth . Students'
performance will be impacted by the assumptions they embrace about learning and
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

their own brains. According to research, students who adopt a growth mindset as
opposed to a fixed mindset are more likely to think critically about how they learn
and develop. In order to assist pupils comprehend how they may genuinely build
their own brains, teaching children about the science of metacognition can be a
powerful educational tool.
2. Give learner practice identifying concepts they don't comprehend. To become self-
aware, one must first admit when they are puzzled and acknowledge their
ignorance. Asking "What was most confusing about the material we explored
today?" at the conclusion of a difficult class not only jumpstarts metacognitive
processing but also fosters a culture in the classroom that values difficulty as a
crucial component of learning.
3. Give students the chance to consider their coursework . The development of higher-
order thinking abilities occurs as students become aware of their own cognitive
development. Recognize their work and motivate them in the learning process by
giving them compliments or incentives.
4. Encourage students to have their learning diaries. The usage of personal learning
notebooks is one method for assisting students in keeping track of their own
thoughts. Give students weekly assignments that encourage reflection on how, as
opposed to what, they learnt.
5. Have a test that is either objective or subjective . According to research, students
prepare for multiple-choice tests using lower-level cognitive abilities and for
essays using higher-level metacognitive abilities. Even though it takes less time to
grade multiple-choice questions, including a few brief essay questions can help
students better reflect on their learning as they get ready to take a test.
Teach students study or learning strategies.
Younger students
1. Tune in - to catch the attention of the student before the class begins.
2. Question – give them a questions in order to test their ability to think and reflect.
3. Remember – make it strategies to motivate them in the learning process where they
can remember and retain comes from the lesson.
Older students
 Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Email Address:[email protected]
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681

1. Preview – scan the whole chapter before delving each paragraph, check fist it
objectives and outline the important details that will give an essential term in the
topic.
2. Question- provide them question to think that make them curious about.
3. Recite – enable them to share their ideas or thoughts or work for their clarification
about the topic.
4. Review – remembering or going back to the topic that are essential for preceding
discussion.
5. Reflect – let them to have reflection using their own strategies in learning and
comprehension.