Module 1 Python basics

Data types in python, Operators in python, Input and Output, Control statement, Arrays in
python, String and Character in python, Functions, List and Tuples, Dictionaries Exception,
Introduction to OOP, Classes, Objects, Interfaces, Inheritance

Program:

Data types in python

1. Integer, float, complex

num1 = 5
print(num1, 'is of type', type(num1))

num2 = 5.42
print(num2, 'is of type', type(num2))

num3 = 8+2j
print(num3, 'is of type', type(num3))

5 is of type <class 'int'>

5.42 is of type <class 'float'>

(8+2j) is of type <class 'complex'>

2. List

3. # A list with 3 integers

4. numbers = [1, 2, 5]
5.
6. print(numbers)
7.
8. # Output: [1, 2, 5]

3. List with mixed data types

# empty list
my_list = []

# list with mixed data types

my_list = [1, "Hello", 3.4]

4. accessing an element from the list

my_list=[]
mylist=[3,"Hello", 5.4]
print(mylist)
 print(mylist[1])

5. adding or deleting element from a list

my_list=[]
mylist=[3,"Hello", 5.4]
print(mylist)
mylist.append(10)
print(mylist)
del mylist[1]
print(mylist)

6. extending a list

my_list=[]
mylist=[3,"Hello", 5.4]
print(mylist)
part2=[2, 4, "p", 5.6]
mylist.extend(part2)
print(mylist)

7. slicing a list
my_list=[]
mylist=[3,"Hello", 5.4]
print(mylist)
mylist.append(10)
print(mylist)
print(mylist[1:3])

Method Description

append() add an item to the end of the list

extend() add items of lists and other iterables to the end of the list

insert() inserts an item at the specified index

remove() removes item present at the given index

pop() returns and removes item present at the given index

clear() removes all items from the list

index() returns the index of the first matched item

 count() returns the count of the specified item in the list

sort() sort the list in ascending/descending order

reverse() reverses the item of the list

copy() returns the shallow copy of the list

7. Tuple

# Different types of tuples

# Empty tuple
my_tuple = ()
print(my_tuple)

# Tuple having integers

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
print(my_tuple)

# tuple with mixed datatypes

my_tuple = (1, "Hello", 3.4)
print(my_tuple)

# nested tuple
my_tuple = ("mouse", [8, 4, 6], (1, 2, 3))
print(my_tuple)

9. string

str1 = "Hello, world!"

str2 = "I love Python."
str3 = "Hello, world!"

# compare str1 and str2

print(str1 == str2)

# compare str1 and str3

print(str1 == str3)

10. Set

11. # create a set of integer type

12. student_id = {112, 114, 116, 118, 115}
13. print('Student ID:', student_id)
14.
15. # create a set of string type
16. vowel_letters = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}
17. print('Vowel Letters:', vowel_letters)
18.
19. # create a set of mixed data types
20. mixed_set = {'Hello', 101, -2, 'Bye'}
21. print('Set of mixed data types:', mixed_set)

11. Dictionary
numbers={1:"one",2:"Two", 3:"three", 4:"Four"}
print(numbers)
numbers[5]="Five"
print(numbers)
del numbers[3]
print(numbers)

12. Boolean

x=5
y = 10
print(bool(x==y))
z=5
print(bool(x==z))

13. Logical
x=1
y=2
z=3
if (x<y or y<z):
print('yes')
else:
print('No')
print(not x)

14 identity Operator
x=5
y=5
print(x is y)

15. Membership operator

list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
x=20
if (x not in list):
print("x is NOT present in given list")
else:
 print("x is present in given list")

16. Functions
def add(num1, num2):
num3 = num1 + num2
return num3

# Driver code
num1, num2 = 5, 15
ans = add(num1, num2)
print("The addition of {} and {} results {}".format(num1, num2, ans))

Recursive function Pb 26 Pg 262

def factorial(n):
if n==0:
result=1
else:
result=n*factorial(n-1)
return result

for i in range(10):
print('Factorial of {} is {}'.format(i, factorial(i)))

Anonymous function lambda Pb 28 Pg 265

f= lambda x: x*x
value=f(5)
print('Square of 5 is', value)

filter() is use to filter out elements from a sequence depending on the result of a function
def is_even(x):
if x%2==0:
return True
else:
return False
lst=[10,23,45,67,34,99]
lst1=list(filter(is_even,lst))
print(lst1)

Same thing using Lambda

lst=[10,23,45,67,34,99]
lst1=list(filter(lambda x: (x%2==0),lst))
print(lst1)

map() function acts on each element and changes the element

def squares(x):
return x*x

lst=[10,23,45,67,34,99]
lst1=list(map(squares,lst))
print(lst1)

same thing with lambda

lst=[10,23,45,67,34,99]
lst1=list(map(lambda x: x*x,lst))
print(lst1)

reduce() will reduce the sequence to a single value as per the function supplied

from functools import *

lst=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
result=reduce(lambda x,y: x*y, lst)
print(result)

Dictionaries
Pb 2 Pg 325
dict={'Name': 'Vidya', 'Id':200, 'Salary': 10000}
print('Keys in the dictionary are =', dict.keys())
print('Values in the dictionary are= ', dict.values())
print('Items in the dictionary are= ', dict.items())

loop for dictionary

colors={'r': 'Red', 'b':'Blue', 'g': 'Green', 'w': 'White'}
for k in colors:
print(k)
for k in colors:
print(colors[k])
for k,v in colors.items():
print('Key={}, Value={}'.format(k,v))

passing dictionary to function pb. 11 Pg 335

def func(dict):
for k,v in dict.items():
print('Key={}, Value={}'.format(k,v))
colors={'10': 'Red', '2':'Blue', '13': 'Green', '48': 'White'}
func(colors)
 syntax error

amount = 10000
if(amount > 2999)
print("You are eligible to purchase Dsa Self Paced")

Exceptions

marks = 10000
a = marks / 0
print(a)

Exception handling
marks = 10000
try:
a = marks / 0
print(a)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("ZeroDivisionError Occurred and Handled")

marks = 10000

try:

a = marks / 0

print(a)

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("ZeroDivisionError Occurred and Handled")

finally:

print('This is always executed')

Exception type error

x=5

y = "hello"

z=x+y
Handling type error
x=5
y = "hello"
try:
z=x+y
except TypeError:
print("Error: cannot add an int and a str")

Class, instance variable, instance, object, method

Difference between instance and class variable

Instance variable is available for the current instance only

Example
class SE:
def __init__(self, name, roll_no):
# This is the constructor method that is called when creating a new Person object
# It takes two parameters, name and age, and initializes them as attributes of the object
self.name = name
self.roll_no = roll_no
def greet(self):
# This is a method of the Person class that prints a greeting message
print("Hello, my name is " + self.name)
s1=SE('ABC',1)
s2=SE('EFG',2)
print(s1.name)
print(s2.roll_no)

class Sample:
def __init__(self):
self.x=10

def modify(self):
self.x+=1
s1=Sample()
s2=Sample()
print('x in s1 = ', s1.x)
print('x in s2 = ', s2.x)
s1.modify()
print('x in s1 = ', s1.x)
print('x in s2 = ', s2.x)

Class variable
class Sample:
 x=10
@classmethod
def modify(cls):
cls.x+=1
s1=Sample()
s2=Sample()
print('x in s1 = ', s1.x)
print('x in s2 = ', s2.x)
s1.modify()
print('x in s1 = ', s1.x)
print('x in s2 = ', s2.x)

Class Method

class Person:
person_name = "Name" #Class Variable
@classmethod
def modify(cls):
cls.person_name="New_Name"
n1 = Person()
print(n1.person_name)
n2=Person()
print(n2.person_name)
n1.modify()
print(n1.person_name)
print(n2.person_name)

Multiple Class
class MyClass1:
def __init__(self):
MyClass1.var1=10
MyClass1.var2=20
s=0
def sum(self):
s=MyClass1.var1+MyClass1.var2
return s
class MyClass2:
def __init__(self):
MyClass2.var1=50
def display(self):
print(MyClass2.var1)
obj1=MyClass1()
print('Method of MyClass1')
sum1=obj1.sum()
print(sum1)
print('Method of MyClass2')
obj2=MyClass2()
obj2.display()

class Student:
def __init__(self,n='',m=0):
self.name=name
self.marks=m
def grade_calculation(self):
print('Student Name:', self.name)
if(self.marks>60):
print('The grade is A')
elif(self.marks>50):
print('The grade is B')
elif(self.marks>40):
print('The grade is C')
else:
print('Fail')

name=input('Enter Name: ')

marks=int(input('Enter MArks:'))
s=Student(name,marks)
s.grade_calculation()

static method : is used when we want to do some processing related to class but we do not
need class or its instances to perform any tasks

class Myclass:
n=0
def __init__(self):
Myclass.n+=1

@staticmethod
def No_of_object():
print('The number of objects is', Myclass.n)

obj1=Myclass()
obj2=Myclass()
obj3=Myclass()
Myclass.No_of_object()

Create class within a class:

class Person:
def __init__(self):
self.name='ABC'
self.db=self.DoB()
def display(self):
print('Name = ',self.name)
 class DoB:
def __init__(self):
self.dd=10
self.mm=11
self.yy=2022
def display(self):
print('Date of Birth is {}/{}/{}'.format(self.dd,self.mm,self.yy))

p=Person()
p.display()
x=Person().DoB()
x.display()

Inheritance
teacher.py

class Teacher:
def setid(self,id):
self.id=id

def getid(self):
return self.id

def setname(self,name):
self.name=name

def getname(self):
return self.name

def setsal(self,sal):
self.sal=sal

def getsal(self):
return self.sal

main.py
from teacher import Teacher

t=Teacher()
t.setid(10)
t.setname('ABC')
t.setsal(1000.50)

print('ID is ', t.getid())

print('Name is ', t.getname())
print('Sal is',t.getsal())
student.py
class Student:
def setid(self,id):
self.id=id

def getid(self):
return self.id

def setname(self,name):
self.name=name

def getname(self):
return self.name

def setmarks(self,marks):
self.marks=marks

def getmarks(self):
return self.marks

main.py
from student import Student

s=Student()
s.setid(20)
s.setname('XYZ')
s.setmarks(85)

print('ID is ', s.getid())

print('Name is ', s.getname())
print('Marks is',s.getmarks())

Student class derived from Teacher class

Original class (here teacher class) is called super class/base class and the student class is
called sub-class or derived class
Creating Student class from Teacher class is called inheritance

from teacher import Teacher

class Student(Teacher):
def setmarks(self,marks):
self.marks=marks

def getmarks(self):
return self.marks
s=Student()
s.setid(20)
s.setname('XYZ')
s.setmarks(85)

print('ID is ', s.getid())

print('Name is ', s.getname())
print('Marks is',s.getmarks())