Machines Tutorial Sheet #6 (2024) Answer Keys

Electrical Machines
Tutorial Sheet-6
1. A 100 hp, 2300 V, Y connected, 3 phase 60 Hz 20 pole synchronous motor has a

synchronous reactance of 4.00 Ω/phase. In this problem cylindrical rotor theory may
be used, and all losses may be neglected.
a. This motor is operated from an infinite bus supplying rated voltage at rated
frequency, and its field excitation is adjusted so that the power factor is unity
when the shaft load is such as to require an input of 800 kW. If the shaft load is
slowly increased with the field excitation held constant, determine the maximum
torque that the motor can deliver.
b. Instead of the infinite bus of part a, suppose that the power supply is a 1000
kVA 2300 V Y connected synchronous generator whose synchronous reactance
is also 4.00Ω/phase. The frequency is held constant by a governor, and the field
excitations of motor and generator are held constant at the values which result
in rated terminal voltage when the motor absorbs 800 kW at unity power factor.
If the shaft load on the synchronous motor is slowly increased, determine the
maximum torque. Also determine the armature current, terminal
voltage, and power factor at the terminals corresponding to this maximum load.
c. Determine the maximum motor torque if, instead of remaining constant as in
part b, the field currents of the generator and motor are slowly increased so
that rated terminal voltage and unity power factor are always maintained while
the shaft load is increased.
(a) 40.98KN-m, (b) 23.958 KN-m, 274.35 A, 1900.75 V, unity p.f (c) 35.079KN-m
2. A 4 pole 60 Hz 24 kV 600 MVA, synchronous generator with a synchronous

reactance of 1.67 pu is operating on a power system which can be represented by a
24-kV infinite bus in series with a reactance of j0.24 Ω. The generator is equipped
with a voltage regulator that adjusts the field excitation such that the generator
terminal voltage remains at 24 kV irrespective of the generator loading. The generator
output is adjusted to 300 MVA. (i) Find the magnitude and phase (with respect to the
generator terminal voltage) of the armature current. (ii) Find the generator induced
voltage per phase. (iii) Draw a phasor diagram for this operating condition.
(a) 7216(-3.583deg)A
(b) 18597.59V
3. The following data were obtained for the OCC of a 10MVA 13kV 3 phase 50 Hz star
connected non-salient pole synchronous generator
If (A) 50 75 100 125 150 162.5 200 250 300
Voc (L-L, kV) 6.2 8.7 10.5 11.8 12.8 13.2 14.2 15.2 15.9
An excitation current of 100A causes the full load current to flow during the short
circuit test. The excitation current required to give rated current at zero power factor
and rated terminal voltage is 290A. Determine the excitation current required for the
machine to supply 7.5 MW at rated terminal voltage at (i) unity power factor , (ii) 0.8
leading power factor. Neglect armature resisteance.
Part (a) If = 228.83 A
Part (b) If = 272.63 A
4. The excitation of a 415V, 3 phase, 50 Hz, delta connected synchronous motor is such
that the induced emf is 520V. The impedance per phase is 0.5+j4Ω. If the mechanical
and iron losses are constant at 1000W calculate the maximum motor power output,
the corresponding line current, power factor and efficiency.
134.538 KW, 267.938A, 0.89 lagging, 78.5%
5. a. Draw the steady-state, direct-and quadrature-axis phasor diagram for a salient-pole

synchronous motor with reactance Xd and Xq and armature resistance Ra . From this
phasor diagram, show that the torque angle δ between the generated voltage 𝐸 � 𝑓
(which lies along the quadrature axis) and the terminal voltage 𝑉�𝑡 is given by
𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑞 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (ϕ) + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (ϕ)

𝑡𝑎𝑛 (δ) =
𝑉𝑡 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑞 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (ϕ) − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (ϕ)
Here, ϕ is the phase angle of the armature current 𝐼�𝑎 and 𝑉𝑡 , considered to be negative
when 𝐼�𝑎 lags 𝑉�𝑡 .
b. Repeat part a for a synchronous generator operation case, when
𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑞 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙) + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜙)
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝛿) =
𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑞 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜙) + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙)
(Derivation)
6. A salient pole synchronous motor has Xd = 0.85 pu and Xq = 0.55 pu. It is connected
to an infinite bus of voltage 1.0 pu while its induced emf is adjusted to 1.2 pu.
Calculate the maximum power output of the motor without loss of synchronism.
Calculate the minimum pu induced voltage that is required for the machine to stay in
synchronism while supplying 1.0 pu power output.
Part (a) Pmax = 1.533pu
Part (b) Ef_min = 0.7065 pu
7. A salient-pole synchronous generator with saturated synchronous reactance X d = 1.57

pu and Xq = 1.34 pu is connected to an infinite bus of rated voltage through an
external impedance Xbus = 0.11 pu. The generator is supplying its rated MVA at 0.95
power factor lagging, as measured at the generator terminals. Draw a phasor diagram
with the infinite bus voltage as the reference and show the phasors of generator line
current, generator terminal voltage and the generator induced emf. Calculate the rotor
angle, per unit generator terminal voltage and the induced emf.
Rotor ang 40.78 deg, Vt 1.028, Ef 2.087
8. A 3.5 MVA 6.6 kV, 3 phase 50 Hz star connected synchronous generator has 32
poles. Its’ direct and quadrature axis synchronous reactances are 9.6Ω and 6Ω per
phase respectively. Neglecting armature resistance determine the excitation EMF
needed to maintain 6.6 kV at the terminals while supplying 2.5MW at 0.8 pf lagging.
What maximum power can the generator supply at the rated terminal voltage if the
field becomes open circuited?
Part (a) Ef_line =9.956 kV;

Part (b) Pmax = 453.75 kW;
9. A three phase salient pole synchronous motor runs at no load from a balanced 3 phase
supply. The field current is slowly reduced to zero and then increased slowly in the
opposite direction (i.e. with reversed polarity) until the motor loses synchronism.
Normally under such situation the motor will lose synchronism and then again pull
into synchronism after slipping through one pole pitch. Neglecting armature
resistance show that
𝑉
𝑋𝑞 =
𝐼𝑠
Where ‘V’ and ‘Is’ are the per phase armature terminal voltage and line current
respectively just before the motor loses synchronism. (Derivation)
10. Two star connected synchronous generators are connected in parallel and supply a
balance load of 1.5 MVA at 11 kV line voltage and 0.8 lagging power factor. The
synchronous reactances of the two machines are 35Ω and 40 Ω. The prime mover
power of the two machines are adjusted so that both the machine supply equal active
power. The phase current of one machine is 43A at a lagging power factor. Calculate
i. The phase current of the second machine. (I2 = 36.25˪36.25˚ A)
ii. The induced EMF of each machine. (E1 = 12.917 kV; E2 = 12.436 kV)
iii. The power factor at which each machine operates. (Machine 1 = 0.7324 lag;
Machine 2 = 0.869 lag)

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Electrical Machines

1. A 100 hp, 2300 V, Y connected, 3 phase 60 Hz 20 pole synchronous motor has a

2. A 4 pole 60 Hz 24 kV 600 MVA, synchronous generator with a synchronous

5. a. Draw the steady-state, direct-and quadrature-axis phasor diagram for a salient-pole

𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑞 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (ϕ) + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (ϕ)

7. A salient-pole synchronous generator with saturated synchronous reactance X d = 1.57

Part (a) Ef_line =9.956 kV;

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