Experimental Report 2

MOMENTUM AND KINETIC IN ELASTIC

AND INELASTIC COLLISIONS
Name: Pham Tung Duong Verification of the instructors
ID: 20182914
Class: ET-E4
Group: 02

I. DATA TABLES

1. Elastic collision

m1=400 .3 ( g ) , m2=798 .6 ( g ) , S=100 mm=0 . 100 m

' '
Trial t 1 (s) t 1 (s) t 2 (s)

1 0.163 0.849 0.295

2 0.164 0.830 0.293

3 0.163 0.823 0.290

4 0.166 0.827 0.296

5 0.167 0.793 0.296

6 0.164 0.867 0..292

7 0.163 0.831 0.292

8 0.163 0.826 0.293

9 0.162 0.819 0.290

10 0.165 0.816 0.296

 2. Inelastic collision

m1=798 . 3 ( g ) , m2=383 . 8 ( g ) , S=100 mm=0 .100 m

' '
Trial t 1 (s) t 1 ( s ) =t 2 (s)

1 0.240 0.563

2 0.243 0.549

3 0.241 0.541

4 0.237 0.535

5 0.236 0.512

6 0.232 0.515

7 0.238 0.516

8 0.236 0.511

0.242 0.590
9
0.243 0.571
10

II. DATA TREATMENT

1. Elastic collision

√
10 10

∑ t1 i s .d
∑ ( t 1i −t1 )2
t 1= i=1 =0.164 (s)∧Δ t 1=S . D= = i=1
=0.001(s)
10 √10 100

√
10 10

∑t ∑ ( t '1i −t'1 )
' 2
1i
s.d
t '1= i=1 =0.828(s)∧ Δ t '1 =S . D= = i=1
=0.006 (s)
10 √ 10 100

√
10 10

∑t ∑ (t '2 i−t'2)
' 2
2i
s.d
t '2= i=1 =0.293(s)∧ Δ t '2=S . D= = i=1
=0.001(s )
10 √10 100

a. Velocity
 s 0.100
v 1= =
t 1 0.164
=0.609
m
s ( )
Δ v 1=v 1 ×
√( Δ t1 2
t1 )
=0.003 ( m/s )

Hence:

V 1=V 1 ± ∆ V 1=0.609 ± 0.003(m/ s)

s 0.100
v '1= ' =
t 1 0.828
=0.121
m
s ( )

√( )
' 2
' ' Δ t1
Δ v =v ×
1 1 '
=0.001 ( m/s )
t1

Hence:

V 1 '=V 1 ' ± ∆ V ' 1=0.121 ± 0.001(m/ s)

s 0.100
v '2= ' =
t 2 0.293
=0.341
m
s ( )

√( )
' 2
' ' Δ t2
Δ v =v ×
2 2 '
=0.001 ( m/s )
t2

Hence:

V 2 '=V 2 ' ± ∆ V 2 '=0.341± 0.001(m/ s)

b. Momentum

 The total momentum before collision is: P1=m1 ⃗

v 1 +m2 ⃗
v2

P1=m1 × v1 =( 400.3 ×10−3 kg ) × ( 0.609 m/ s ) =0.243 ( kg . m/s )

 Δ P1 =P1 ×
√( v1 )
Δ v1 2
=0.001 ( kg . m/s )

Hence P1=P1 ± Δ P1=0.243 ± 0.001 ( kg . m/s )

 The total momentum after collision is P2=m1 ⃗

v '1 +m2 ⃗
v '2
' '
P2=−m1 × v 1+ m2 × v 2=0.224 ( kg .m/ s )

√ ' 2 ' 2
Δ P 2= ( m1 × Δ v 1 ) + ( m2 × Δ v 2 ) =0.001 ( kg . m/s )

Hence P2=P2 ± Δ P2=0.224 ±0.001 ( kg . m/ s )

|P2−P 1|
The percent change in momentum is: C %= =7.81%
P1

c. Kinetic energy
1 2 1 2
 The total kinetic energy before collision is: K 1= 2 m1 v 1 + 2 m2 v 2

1 2
K 1= m1 v 1 =0.074 (J )
2

√
∆ T1 2
( ) √ ( )
2
0.001
∆ K 1 =K 1 × 2 × =0.074 × 2 × =0.001(J )
T1 0.164

1 '2 1 '2
 The total kinetic energy after collision is K 1= 2 m1 v 1 + 2 m2 v 2

1 '2 1 '2
K 2= m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 =0.049(J )
2 2

√ ( ) ( )
∆ T 1' 2 ∆ T 2' 2
√( )( )
2 2
0.006 0.001
∆ K 2=K 2 × 2 × + 2× =0.049 × 2× + 2× =0.001(J )
T1 ' T 2' 0.828 0.293

|K 2 −K 1|
The percent change in kinetic energy is C %= =33.8 %
K1

2. Inelastic collision
 10

∑ t1 i
t 1= i=1 =0.239(s)
10

√
10

s.d
∑ ( t 1 i−t 1) 2
i=1
Δ t 1=S . D= = =0.001(s )
√ 10 100

10 10

∑t '
1i ∑ t '2 i
t '1=t '2= i=1 = i=1 =0.541(s)
10 10

√
10

∑ (t '1 i−t'1 )
2

s.d
Δ t '1= Δt '2=S . D= = i=1
=0.008( s)
√10 100

a. Velocity

s 0.100
v 1= =
t 1 0.239
=0.418
m
s ( )

√( )
Δ t1 2
√( )
2
0.008
Δ v 1=v 1 × =0.418 × =0.001 ( m/s )
t1 0.239

Hence:

V 1=V 1 ± ∆ V 1=0.418 ± 0.001(m/ s)

' ' L 0.100

v 1=v 2= ' = =0.185 ( m/ s )
t 1 0.540
 √( ) √(
' 2

)
' ' ' Δ t1 0.008
2
Δ v =Δ v =v ×
1 2 1 '
=0.185 × =0.002 ( m/s )
t1 0.541

Hence:

V 1 '=V 1 ' ± ∆ V 1 '=¿ 0.185 ± 0.002 (m/s)

b. Momentum

 The total momentum before collision is: P1=m1 ⃗

v 1 +m2 ⃗
v2

P1=m1 × v1 =( 798.3 ×10−3 kg ) × ( 0.418 m/s )=0.333 ( kg . m/s )

√( )
Δ v1 2
√( )
2
0.001
Δ P1 =P1 × =0.333 × =0.001 ( kg . m/s )
v1 0.418

Hence P1=P1 ± Δ P1=0.333 ± 0.001 ( kg . m/s )

 The total momentum after collision is

P2=( m1 +m2 ) × v '1

¿ ( 798.3 ×10−3+ 383.8× 10−3 ) × 0.185=0.218 ( kg .m/ s )

Δ P 2=P2 × √( m1 +m2 ) ×∆ V 1 '=0.218 × √ ( 0.7983+0.3838 ) × 0.001=0.007 ( kg . m/ s )

Hence P2=P2 ± Δ P2=0.218 ± 0.007 ( kg . m/ s )

|P2−P 1|
The percent change in momentum is C %= =34.5 %
P1

c. Kinetic energy
1 2 1 2
 The total kinetic energy before collision is: K 1= 2 m1 v 1 + 2 m2 v 2

1 2
K= m1 v 1 =0.069 (J )
2
 √ ( )
∆ T1 2
√ ( )
2
0.001
∆ K 1 =K 1 × 2 × =0.069 × 2× =0.001(J )
T1 0.239

1 '2
 The total kinetic energy after collision is K '= 2 ( m1 +m2 ) v 1

1 '2
K 2= ( m1 +m2 ) v 1 =0.021(J )
2

√ ( )
∆ T1 ' 2
√ ( )
2
' 0.008
∆ K 2=K × 2 × =0.021× 2× =0. 001(J )
T1 ' 0.540

|K 2 −K 1|
The percent change in kinetic energy is C %= =69.6 %
K1

*In conclusion:

The kinetic energy after a completely inelastic collision is

significantly less than before.

In inelastic collision, the momentum is conserved but kinetic energy

after collision is less than before. Our experimental data shows the

changes of momentum and kinetic energy are 34.5% and 69.6%,

respectively.

- Theoretically, the ratio of final to initial kinetic energy:

k2/k1=m1/(m1+m2)=0.67

-In our experiment, this ratio equals: k2/k1=0.021/0.069=0.31

->>The uncertainties are not too large, so maybe these experimental

results are acceptable.