Experimental Report 2

VERIFICATION OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND

KINETIC ENERGY USING AIR TRACK

Name: Nguyễn Quốc Hưng - 20217001 Verification of Instructors

Class: 716770

Group: 3

II/Experimental Results
1))Elastic collision

Trial T1 (s) T1’(s) T2’ (s)

1 0.166 0.622 0.277
2 0.172 0.610 0.272
3 0.161 0.664 0.266
4 0.162 0.662 0.278
5 0.162 0.664 0.268
6 0.162 0.667 0.271
7 0.161 0.658 0.268
8 0.159 0.656 0.264
9 0.162 0.684 0.270
10 0.161 0.670 0.274
10 10 10

∑ T 1i (s) ∑ T 1' i (s) ∑ T 2' i

T ❑1 = i=1 =0.163 T ' ❑1 = i=1 =0.656 T ❑2 = i=1 =0.271(s)
10 10 10

√ √ √
10 10 10

∑ ( T 1i−T ❑1 ) 2
∑ ( T 1i '−T ' ❑1 ) 2
∑ ( T 2 'i−T ❑2 ' )2
i=1 i=1 i=1
S.D≈ =0.004(
S .s)D ≈ =0.022(s)
S.D≈ =0.005( s)
10−1 10−1 10−1
M1 = 339.8(g) M2 = 790(g)

2)Inelastic collision
 Trial t1 (s) t1’ = t2’ (s)
1 0.242 0.485
2 0.251 0.534
3 0.244 0.489
4 0.249 0.518
5 0.245 0.495
6 0.240 0.482
7 0.242 0.484
8 0.243 0.482
9 0.239 0.487
10 0.241 0.486
10 10

∑ T 1i ∑ T 1i
i=1 '❑1 i=1
T ❑1 = =0.244( s) T = =0.490(s )
10 10

√ √
10 10

∑ ( T 1i−T ❑1 ) 2
∑ ( T 1 'i−T ❑1 ' )2
i=1 i=1
S.D≈ =0.004( s) S.D≈ =0.018(s)
10−1 10−1
M1 = 779.3(g) M2 = 374.4(g)

III/Data processing

 Length of the shutter plate: S=100(mm)=0.1(m); ∆ S=0.001(m)

1) Elastic collision

a) Velocity

+) Before collision:
S 0.100
√( ) ( )
2 2
∆S ∆t
 v1 = T = 0.163 =0.613 (m/s); ∆ v 1=v 1 + =0.016 (m/s)
1 S T
+) After collision:

√(
S 0.100
) ( )
∆ S 2 ∆t 2
'
 v1 = ' = 0.656 =0.152(m/s) ; ∆ v '1=v '1 + =0.005 (m/s)
T1 S T
S 0.100
√( S ) (T )
2 2
v 2=
'
= =0.369 (m/s); ∆ v '2=v'2 ∆S ∆t
 T 2 ' 0.271 + =0.006 (m/s)

b) Momentum

We have the total momentum before collision are

  P1 = m 1 ⃗
v1

P1=m1 ×v 1 =339.8× 10−3 × 0.613=0.208(kg . m/s)

√( )( )
Δm 1 2 Δ v1 2
√( )( )
2 2
0.001 0.016
Δ P1 =P 1 × + =0.208 × + =0.005(kg . m/s)
m1 v1 339.8 0.613

Hence

P1=P1 ± Δ P1=0.208 ± 0.005(kg . m/s)

We have the total momentum after collision are:

 P2 = m 1 ⃗
v '1 + m 2 ⃗
v '2
−3 −3
P2=m2 × v 2 ' −m1 × v 1 '=790 ×1 0 ×0.369−339.8 ×1 0 ×0.152=0.240(kg .m/s )

√( )( )( )( )
Δm1 2 Δ v 1 ' 2 Δm2 2 Δ v 2 ' 2
Δ P2 =P2 × + + +
m1 v1 ' m2 v2 '

√( )( )( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
0.001 0.022 0.001 0.005
¿ 0.240 × + + + ≈ 0.035(kg . m/s)
339.8 ×1 0−3
0.152 790 ×1 0−3
0.369

Hence
P2=P2 + ∆ P2 =0.240 ±0.035 (kg.m/s)

The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P̄2 −P̄ 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.240−0.249∨ ¿ =15.38 % ¿ ¿

P̄1 0.249

c) Kinetic Energy

+) We have the total Kinetic Energy before collision are

1 2 1
 K 1= m 1 ( v 1 ) = m 1
2 2
S1 2 1
T1 ( )
= .339 .8 ×10 ×
2
−3 0.100 2
0.163
=0.064(J ) ( )

√( ∆ m1 2
)( )
2
∆ v1
∆ K 1 =K 1 . + 2×
m1 v1

= 0.064.
√( 0.001 2
339.8 ) (
+ 2×
0.004 2
0.613 )
=0.001 (J)
Hence:
K1 = K 1 ± ∆ K 1=0.064 ± 0.001 (J)

+) We have the total Kinetic Energy after collision are

1 '2 1 '2 1 −3
K 2= m1 ×v 1 + m2 × v 2 = × 339.8× 10 × ¿
2 2 2

√( )( )( )( )
2 ' 2 2 ' 2
∆ m1 ∆ v1 ∆ m2 ∆ v2
∆ K 2 =K 2 . + 2× ' + + 2× '
m1 v1 m2 v2

√( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
0.001 0.022 0.001 0.005
¿ 0.058 . + 2× + + 2× =0.017 (J)
339.8× 10
−3
0.152 790 × 10
−3
0.369

Hence:
K2 = K 2 +∆ K 2 =¿0.058 ± 0.017 (J)

+) The percent change in kinetic energy

|K 2 −K 1| |0.058−0.064|
C %= = =9.375 %
K1 0.064
2)Inelastic Collision

a. Velocity
S 0.100
√( ) ( )
2 2
v1 = = =0.410 (m/s) ∆S ∆t
∆ v 1=v 1 + =0.008(m/s)
T 0.244 S T
S 0.100
√( ) +( ) =0.008 (m/s)
2 2
= =0.204 (m/s) ∆S ∆t
v' = ∆ v ' =v '
T 0.490
'
S T

b. Momentum
+) We have the total momentum before collision are
 P1 = m 1 ⃗v1
−3
 P1=m 1 ×v 1=779.3× 10 × 0.410=0.320 (kg.m/s)

√( )( )
∆ m1 2 ∆ v 1 2
√( )( )
2 2
0.001 0.004
 ∆ P1=P 1 × + =0.320× + =0.003 (kg.m/s)
m1 v1 779.3× 10
−3
0.410
Hence:
P1 = P1 ± ∆ P1 =0.320 ±0.003 (kg.m/s)

+) We have the total momentum after collision:

  P2 = ¿ ¿ + m 2 ¿ ⃗
v
'

' −3
 P2=( m1 +m2 ) × v = (779.3+ 374.4 ) ×10 ×0.204=0.235 (kg.m/s)

√( )( )
2 ' 2
∆(m 1 +m 2) ∆v
 ∆ P2=P 2 × + '
m1 +m 2 v

√( )( )
2
0.0012+ 0.0012 0.018 2
¿ 0.235 × + =0.009 (kg.m/s)
( 779.3+374.4 ) × 10−3 0.204
Hence:
P2 = P2 ± ∆ P 2=0.235 ±0.009 (kg.m/s)

+) The percent change in momentum

|P2−P 1| |0.235−0.320|
C %= = =26.56 %
P1 0.320

c. Kinetic energy
+) We have total Kinetic energy before collision are
1 2 1 −3 2
 K 1= m1 ( v 1 ) = ×779.3 ×10 × ( 0.410 ) =0. 066 (J)
2 2

√( )(
∆ m1 2 ∆ v1 2
) √( )( )
2 2
0.001 0.008
 ∆ K 1 =K 1 . + 2× =0.066 −3
+ 2× =0.003 (J)
m1 v1 779.3 ×10 0.410

Hence:
K1 = K 1 ± ∆ K 1=0.066 ± 0.003 (J)

+) We have the total Kinetic energy after collision:

1 ' 2 ( 779.3+374.4 ) ×10−3
 K 2= (m1+ m2 )× ( v ) = 2
×0.204 =0.024 (J )
2 2

√( )( )
2 ' 2
∆ (m1+ m2 ) ∆v
 ∆ K 2 =K 2 . + 2× '
m 1+ m2 v

√( )( )
2
0.0012 +0.0012 0.008 2
¿ 0.026 × + 2×
( 779.3+374.4 ) × 10 −3
0.204
¿ 0.002(J)
Hence:
K2 = K 2 +∆ K 2 =0.024 ± 0.002(J)

+) The percent change in kinetic energy are:

 |K 2 −K 1| |0.024−0.066|
C %= = =63.63 %
K1 0.066