Unit 4. Part 1selection of Electric Motor

Unit 4
Selection of Electric Motor

Factor governing selection of Electric motors
• The electric motors of various designs are available to meet the needs
of various classes of industry. So the selection of electric motor itself
has become an important and tedious process. The conditions under
which an electric motor has operate and the type of load it has to
handle, determine its selection.
• The various factors that are to be considered in the selection of an

electric motor for a particular service are:
1. Nature of electric supply.
2. Type of Drives.
3. Nature of load.
4. Electrical characteristics
a) Operating or running Characteristics.
b) Starting Characteristics.
c) Speed control.
d) Braking Characteristics
5. Mechanical Considerations
a) Type of enclosures.
b) Type of Bearings.
c) Type of Transmission For Drive.
d) Noise Level.
e) Heating and cooling time constant of the motor.
6. Service Capacity and Rating
a) Requirements for continuous, Intermittent or variable Load Cycle.
b) Pull- Out Torque and Overload Capacity.
7. Appearance
8. Cost Considerations.
a) Capital or Initial Cost.
b) Running or Operating Cost.
The motor selected must fulfil all the necessary load requirements and
at the same time it should not be very costly if it has to be a
commercial success.
Nature of Electric supply
The electric supply available may be 3- phase ac, single- phase ac or dc.
• In case three- phase ac supply is available, polyphase induction motor,
squirrel cage type for small ratings and slip- ring for higher ratings may be
used, provided this suits the requirements of the load.
• In the cases where speed variation is required these cannot be
conveniently used, so pole changing motors or motors with stepped pulleys
may be used.
• Use of single-phase motors is limited to small loads only owing to their
limited outputs.
• Dc motors are not used widely as ac ones. There are several reasons for
this, the most important of which are
• At present a large percentage of the electrical energy used for domestic
and commercial purpose is generated in ac because of economic and
technical reasons.
• Dc have commutators that are subject to trouble resulting from
sparking, brush wear, arc-over and the presence of moisture and
destructive fumes in the surrounding air.
• The commercial ac power is generated at a frequency of 50 HZ but
this frequency is not capable of meeting the requirement of certain
industries.
• There has been trend towards development of high frequency power
generation.
• The output of high frequency equipment increases with the increase
in frequency.
• The drawback of high frequency equipment is that it has a problem of
increased power losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents.
Types of Drive and their choice based on the load
The combination of an electric motor, energy transmitting shaft and control devices
for motion control is known as electric drive. The following figure shows the block
diagram of a typical electric drive.
• Based on their assembly, electric drives are classified into the following categories
• Group Drive
• Individual Drive
• Multi-motor drive
Group drive
When several machines are organized on a single shaft and are driven by a single
large motor, this system is known as group drive. Group drive is also known as line
shaft drive because a large sized motor (called main motor) drives a common shaft.
To the common shaft, a number of small machines are connected by means of
multi-stepped pulleys.
The following figure shows the block diagram of group drive.
Advantages of Group Drive
• The advantages of group drives include the following −
• As group drive uses a large sized single motor, so there is considerable
saving in cost.
• Group drive has low maintenance cost.
• In case of group drive, the overload occurring for main motor is very
less.
• When the main motor operates near rated capacity, then the power
factor and efficiency of the group drive be better.
Disadvantages of Group Drive
• The disadvantages of group drives include the following −
• If there is a fault in main motor, then it causes stopping of all the small machines.
• In group drive, the small machines have to be installed at places which is
convenient for shafting.
• .In group drive, the speed control of individual small machine is not possible.
• In case of group drive, high amount of power is wasted in power transmission (in
pulleys, etc.).
• In group drive, future expansion is not possible.
• When only a few number of machines are required to be operated, then the main
motor operates with a very less capacity. Thus, its power factor and efficiency be
poor.
• The layout of group drive is fixed and cannot be change. Also, appearance of
layout is not good.
• Noise produced by group drives is high.
Applications of Group Drive
The main applications of group drives are listed below −
• Grain processing industries.
• Food grinding mills.
• Paper mills.
• Textile mills.
• Workshops, etc.
Individual Electric Drive
• When an individual machine is fitted with its own electric motor, then
the electric drive is known as individual electric drive. In case of
individual electric drive, each operator has complete control on his
machine.
• The block diagram of the individual drive is shown in the following
figure.
Comparison of group drive and individual drive
Advantages of Individual Drive
• The most prominent advantages of using an individual electric drives
are as follows −
• It is possible to control the speed of individual machine easily.
• These drives produce comparatively less noise.
• Future expansion is possible.
• Individual drives have good appearance and flexibility in the layout.
• In case of individual drive, fault on any one machine does not create
problem for other machines.
• Individual drive is economical in long-term.
• As in case of individual drive, each machine operates near to rated
capacity, so the power factor and efficiency are better.
Disadvantages of Individual Drive
• Following are the disadvantages of using individual electric drives −
• The initial cost of individual drive is high.
• There is power loss in transmission system equipment such as gears,
pulleys, etc.
Applications of Individual Drive
• Individual drives are used in −
• Drill machines,
• Lathe machines, etc.
Multi-motor Drive
• A mechanism in which separate motors are used for operating
different parts of the same machine is known as a multi-motor
electric drive.
• The block diagram of a multi motor drive is shown in the figure below.
Advantages of multi-motor Drive
• The advantages of multi-motor electric drive are listed below −
• Multi-motor drives provide better control of process.
• With the help of multi-motor drives, a complicated process can be
automated.
• In a multi-motor drive, each machine is driven by a separate motor.
Hence it can be individually started and stopped as desired.
• In multi-motor drives, the absence of belts and line shafts greatly
reduces the power loss and risk of accidents.
• The layout of multi-motor drive is flexible in the installation of
different machines
Disadvantages of Multi-motor Drive
• The disadvantages of multi-motor drives include the following −
• Multi-motor drives involve high initial cost.
• The maintenance of one motor causes disturbance to the entire
process
Applications of Multi-motor Drive
• Multi-motor drives are used in −
• Lifts
• Cranes
• Long travel motion applications.
• Cross travel motion applications, etc.

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Unit 4

Selection of Electric Motor

• The various factors that are to be considered in the selection of an

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