Temperature Dependent, Large Electromechanical Strain in Nd-Doped
Temperature Dependent, Large Electromechanical Strain in Nd-Doped
Temperature Dependent, Large Electromechanical Strain in Nd-Doped
Short communication
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: Lead-free piezoceramics with the composition 0.7(Bi1-x Ndx )FeO3 -0.3BaTiO3 +0.1 wt% MnO2 (BNxF-BT)
Received 6 October 2016 were prepared using a conventional solid state route. X-ray diffraction and temperature dependent
Received in revised form 21 October 2016 permittivity measurements indicated a transition from a composition lying at a morphotropic phase
Accepted 22 October 2016
boundary (MPB) to a pseudocubic phase as a function of Nd concentration. The highest maximum strain
Available online 27 October 2016
(Smax ∼ 0.2% at 60 kV/cm) and effective piezoelectric coefficient (d33 * = 333 pm/V) were obtained at room
temperature for the composition BN0.02F-BT. The decrease in remanent polarization (Pr ) and Berlin-
Keywords:
court d33 with increase in Nd concentration can be attributed to the coexistence of ferroelectric and
BiFeO3 -BaTiO3
Ferroelectrics
relaxor phases. In-situ polarisation and strain measurements revealed an increase in Pr and d33 * with
Relaxors temperature and a reduction in the coercive field EC . Presumably this behavior is due to a combination
Piezoelectricity of thermally activated domain wall motion and lowering of the activation energy for a field induced
Strain relaxor-ferroelectric transition, as the Curie maximum is approached.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.10.027
0955-2219/© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
1858 D. Wang et al. / Journal of the European Ceramic Society 37 (2017) 1857–1860
3. Results and discussion Fig. 1. (a) RT XRD patterns of BNxF-BT and (b) Temperature dependence of εr and
tanı at 100 kHz for BNxF-BT, inset shows TC/M as a function of Nd concentration.
Fig. 2. High electric field (a) bipolar polarization hysteresis and (b) unipolar strain loops for BNxF-BT; (c) Pr and EC as a function of Nd concentration, inset shows d33 as a
function of Nd concentration; (d) Smax and d33 * as a function of Nd concentration.
Fig. 3. The in-situ temperature dependence of high electric field (a) bipolar polarization hysteresis and (b) unipolar strain loops for BF-BT and BN0.02F-BT; (c) Pr , EC and d33 *
as a function of temperature.
highest Pr ∼ 36.6 C/cm2 , EC ∼ 33.6 kV/cm and d33 = 190 pC/N were [9] D. Kan, L. Palova, V. Anbusathaiah, C.J. Cheng, S. Fujino, V. Nagarajan, K.M.
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transition in rare-earth-substituted BiFeO3 , Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010)
ever, the optimum Smax ∼ 0.2% and d33 * = 333 pm/V were achieved 1108–1115.
at RT for the composition doped with 0.02 mol% Nd, attributed to [10] T. Zheng, J. Wu, Effects of site engineering and doped element types on
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