AP5100

1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING

FREQUENCY

Description Pin Assignments

The AP5100 is a current mode step-down converter with a
built-in power MOSFET to enable smallest solution size ( Top View )
power conversion.
BST 1 6 SW
With the low series resistance power switch it enables a
constant output current of up to 1.2A over a wide input supply
range. The load and line regulation has excellent response GND 2 5 IN
time over the operating input voltage and temperature range.
FB 3 74 EN
The AP5100 is self protected, through a cycle-by-cycle
current limiting algorithm and an on chip thermal protection. SOT26
The AP5100 will provide the voltage conversion with a low
count of widely available standard external components.
The AP5100 is available in SOT26 package.

Features Applications
• VIN 4.75V to 24V
• Load current of up to 1.2A • Distributed Power Systems
• Internal Power MOSFET • Battery Charger
• Stable with Low ESR Ceramic Output Capacitors • Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators
• Up to 90% Efficiency • WLED Drivers
• 0.1µA Shutdown Mode
• Fixed 1.4MHz Frequency
• Thermal Shutdown
• Cycle-by-Cycle Over Current Protection
• Resistor divider adjustable Output: 0.81V to 15V
• SOT26: Available in “Green” Molding Compound
(No Br, Sb)
• Lead Free Finish/RoHS Compliant (Note 1)

Notes: 1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied. Please visit our website at
http://www.diodes.com/products/lead_free.html.

Typical Application Circuit

100
VIN = 12V
5
BST 1
L = 3.3µH
VOUT = 5V VIN IN
90
C1 C3 .L1
VOUT = 3.3V 6
EFFICIENCY (%)

80 SW VOUT
AP5100
D1
70 R1 C6
ON 4
EN FB 3 C2
OFF GND
60
R2

50

40
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit
LOAD CURRENT (A)
Fig. 1 Efficiency vs. Load Current

AP5100 1 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Typical Application Circuit (cont.)

5
VIN IN BST 1
C3
C1 L1
22nF
10µF 3.3µH VOUT
R3 6
25V
100kohm AP5100 SW 3.3V
D1 R1
B230A C6
49.9kohm
100pF C2
4 3
OFF ON EN GND FB 22µF
R2 6.3V
16.2kohm

Figure 3. 1.4MHz, 3.3V Output at 1A Step-Down Converter

5
VIN IN BST 1
6V -12V C3 L1
C1 10nF 10µH
10µF R3 6 D1
AP5100 SW C2
25V 100Kohm 1N5819HW-7 LED1
10µF
- Vout - Vout 16V
4 LED 2
EN GND FB 3
OFF ON
R4 R2
LED 3
200Kohm 40 ohm
- Vout
1% 1%
- Vout

Figure 4. White LED Driver Application

AP5100 2 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Pin Descriptions

Pin Name Pin # Description

Bootstrap. To form a boost circuit, a capacitor is connected between SW and BST pins to form a
BST 1 floating supply across the power switch driver. This capacitor is needed to drive the power switch’s
gate above the supply voltage. Typical values for CBST range from 0.1µF to 1µF.
Ground. This pin is the voltage reference for the regulated output voltage. All control circuits are
GND 2
referenced to this pin. For this reason care must be taken in its layout.
Feedback. To set the output voltage, connect this pin to the output resistor divider or directly to
FB 3 VOUT. To prevent current limit run away during a current limit condition, the frequency foldback
comparator lowers the oscillator frequency when the FB voltage is below 400mV.
On/Off Control Input. Do not leave this pin floating. To turn the device ON, pull EN above 1.2V and
EN 4 to turn it off pull below 0.4V.
If enable/disable is not used, connect a 100kΩ resistor between EN to VIN.
Supply Voltage. The AP5100 operates from a +4.75V to +24V unregulated input. A decoupling
IN 5 capacitor C1 is required to prevent large voltage spikes from appearing at the input. Place this
capacitor near the IC.
SW 6 Switch Output. This is the reference for the floating top gate driver.

Functional Block Diagram

Figure 5. Functional Block Diagram

AP5100 3 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2)

Symbol Description Rating Unit

ESD HBM Human Body Model ESD Protection 3 KV
ESD MM Machine Model ESD Protection 300 V
VIN Supply Voltage 26 V
VSW Switch Voltage -0.3 to VIN +0.3 V
VBST Boost Voltage VSW +6 V
All Other Pins –0.3 to +6 V
TST Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C
TJ Junction Temperature +150 °C
TL Lead Temperature +260 °C
θJA Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance (Note 3) 140 °C/W
θJC Junction to Case Thermal Resistance (Note 3) 35 °C/W
Notes: 2. Exceeding these ratings may damage the device.
3. Test condition for SOT26: Measured on approximately 1” square of 1 oz copper.

Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 4)

Symbol Description Rating Unit

VIN Supply Voltage 4.75 to 24 °C
TA Operating Ambient Temperature Range -25 to +85 °C
VOUT Output Voltage 0.81 to 15 V
Note: 4. The device function is not guaranteed outside of the recommended operating conditions.

AP5100 4 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Electrical Characteristics (VIN = 12V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted)

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ. Max Unit

VFB Feedback Voltage 4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 24V 0.790 0.810 0.830 V
IFB Feedback Current VFB = 0.8V 0.1 µA
RDS(ON) Switch-On Resistance (Note 5) 0.35 Ω
Switch Leakage VEN = 0V, VSW = 0V 10 µA
Current Limit (Note 5) 2.4 A
fSW Oscillator Frequency VFB = 0.6V 1.1 1.4 1.7 MHz
Fold-back Frequency VFB = 0V 480 kHz
Maximum Duty Cycle VFB = 0.6V 87 %
tON Minimum On-Time (Note 5) 100 ns
Under Voltage Lockout Threshold
3.8 4.0 4.2 V
Rising
Under Voltage Lockout Threshold
150 mV
Hysteresis
EN Input Low Voltage 0.4 V
EN Input High Voltage 1.2 V
VEN = 2V 0.3
EN Input Current µA
VEN = 0V 0.1
IS Supply Current (Shutdown) VEN = 0V 0.1 1.0 µA
IQ Supply Current (Quiescent) VEN = 2V, VFB = 1V 0.4 1.0 mA
Thermal Shutdown (Note 5) 140 °C
Note: 5. Guaranteed by design.

AP5100 5 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP
P5100
1.2A STE
EP-DOWN CONVERT
C TER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQQUENCY

Typical Pe
erformance
e Characte
eristics
VIN = 12V, VOU
UT = 3.3V, L = 3.3µH,
3 C1 = 10
0µF, C2 = 22µF
F, TA = +25°C, unless otherw
wise noted.

Steaddy State Test Lo

oad Transientt Test
(IOUT = 0.5A) (IOUT = 0.2
2A to 0.8A. Ste
ep at 0.8A/µs)

Tim
me- 1µs/div Time- 100µs/d
div

Start-up Through
T Enab
ble Starrt-up through Enable
(N
No Load) (IOUTT = 1A, resistiv
ve load)

Time- 50µs/div Time- 50µs/d

div

Shutdownn Through Ena

able Shutd down Through h Enable
(N
No Load) (IOUTT = 1A, resistiv
ve load)

Time- 50µs/div Time- 50µs/d

div

AP5100 6 of 12 April 2012

Document numberr: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com
w m © Dio
odes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)

Short Circuit Entry Short Circuit Recovery

Time- 50µs/div Time- 100µs/div

Applications Information

OPERATION Setting the Output Voltage

The AP5100 is a current mode control, asynchronous buck The output voltage can be adjusted from 0.81V to 15V
regulator. Current mode control assures excellent line and using an external resistor divider. Table 1 shows a list of
load regulation and a wide loop bandwidth for fast resistor selection for common output voltages. Resistor
response to load transients. Figure. 4 depicts the R1 is selected based on a design tradeoff between
functional block diagram of AP5100. efficiency and output voltage accuracy. For high values of
R1 there is less current consumption in the feedback
The operation of one switching cycle can be explained as network. However the trade off is output voltage accuracy
follows. At the beginning of each cycle, HS (high-side) due to the bias current in the error amplifier. R2 can be
MOSFET is off. The EA output voltage is higher than the determined by the following equation:
current sense amplifier output, and the current
comparator’s output is low. The rising edge of the 1.4MHz ⎛V ⎞
oscillator clock signal sets the RS Flip-Flop. Its output R1 = R 2 × ⎜⎜ OUT − 1⎟⎟
⎝ 0.81 ⎠
turns on HS MOSFET.
Equation 1
When the HS MOSFET is on, inductor current starts to
increase. The Current Sense Amplifier senses and
amplifies the inductor current. Since the current mode VOUT (V) R1 (kΩ) R2 (kΩ)
control is subject to sub-harmonic oscillations that peak at
1.8 80.6 (1%) 64.9 (1%)
half the switching frequency, Ramp slope compensation is
utilized. This will help to stabilize the power supply. This 2.5 49.9 (1%) 23.7 (1%)
Ramp compensation is summed to the Current Sense 3.3 49.9 (1%) 16.2 (1%)
Amplifier output and compared to the Error Amplifier 5 49.9 (1%) 9.53 (1%)
output by the PWM Comparator. When the sum of the
Current Sense Amplifier output and the Slope
Table 1. Resistor Selection for Common
Compensation signal exceeds the EA output voltage, the
Output Voltages
RS Flip-Flop is reset and HS MOSFET is turned off. The
external Schottky rectifier diode (D1) conducts the inductor
current.

For one whole cycle, if the sum of the Current Sense

Amplifier output and the Slope Compensation signal does
not exceed the EA output, then the falling edge of the VOUT × (VIN − VOUT )
oscillator clock resets the Flip-Flop. The output of the L=
VIN × ΔIL × fSW
Error Amplifier increases when feedback voltage (VFB) is
Equation 2
lower than the reference voltage of 0.81V. This also
increases the inductor current as it is proportional to the
EA voltage. Where ΔIL is the inductor ripple current.
And fSW is the buck converter switching frequency.

AP5100 7 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Applications Information (cont.)

Setting the Output Voltage (cont.)

Choose the inductor ripple current to be 30% of the ESR of the output capacitor dominates the output voltage
maximum load current. The maximum inductor peak ripple. The amount of ripple can be calculated from the
current is calculated from: equation below:
ΔI
IL(MAX) = ILOAD + L
2 Vout capacitor = ΔIinductor × ESR
Equation 3
An output capacitor with ample capacitance and low ESR
Peak current determines the required saturation current is the best option. For most applications, a 22µF ceramic
rating, which influences the size of the inductor. Saturating capacitor will be sufficient.
the inductor decreases the converter efficiency while
increasing the temperatures of the inductor, the MOSFET External Diode
and the diode. Hence choosing an inductor with The external diode’s forward current must not exceed the
appropriate saturation current rating is important. maximum output current. Since power dissipation is a
critical factor when choosing a diode, it can be calculated
A 1µH to 10µH inductor with a DC current rating of at least from the equation below:
25% percent higher than the maximum load current is
recommended for most applications.
V
For highest efficiency, the inductor’s DC resistance should Pdiode = (1 − OUT ) × Iout × 0.3V
be less than 200mΩ. Use a larger inductance for VIN
improved efficiency under light load conditions. Equation 5

Input Capacitor Note: 0.3V is the voltage drop across the schottky diode. A
The input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from diode that can withstand this power dissipation must be
the input supply and the switching noise from the device. chosen.
The input capacitor has to sustain the ripple current
produced during the on time on the upper MOSFET. It External Bootstrap Diode
must hence have a low ESR to minimize the losses. It is recommended that an external bootstrap diode be
added when the input voltage is no greater than 5V or the
Due to large dI/dt through the input capacitors, electrolytic 5V rail is available in the system. This helps improve the
or ceramics should be used. If a tantalum must be used, it efficiency of the regulator. The bootstrap diode can be a
must be surge protected. Otherwise, capacitor failure low cost one such as IN4148 or BAT54.
could occur. For most applications, a 4.7µF ceramic 5V
capacitor is sufficient.
BOOST
Output Capacitor DIODE
The output capacitor keeps the output voltage ripple small, 1
BST
ensures feedback loop stability and reduces the overshoot
of the output voltage. The output capacitor is a basic AP5100 10nF
component for the fast response of the power supply. In
fact, during load transient, for the first few microseconds it 6
supplies the current to the load. The converter recognizes SW
the load transient and sets the duty cycle to maximum, but
the current slope is limited by the inductor value.
Figure 6. External Bootstrap Diode
Maximum capacitance required can be calculated from the
following equation: Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO)
ΔI Under Voltage Lockout is implemented to prevent the IC
L(IOUT + inductor ) 2 malfunction from insufficient input voltages. For power-up,
Co = 2
the AP5100 must be enabled and the input voltage must
(Δ V + VOUT ) 2 − VOUT 2
be higher than the UVLO rising threshold (4.0 V typ).
Equation 4 When the input voltage falls below the UVLO falling
threshold (UVLO rising threshold – UVLO hysteresis), the
Where ΔV is the maximum output voltage overshoot. AP5100 will latch an under voltage fault. In this event, the
Where ΔIinductor is the inductor ripple current. output will fall low. To resume normal operation, the
AP5100 must be pulled above the UVLO rising threshold.

AP5100 8 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Applications Information (cont.)

Internal Soft Start Thermal Shutdown

Soft start is traditionally implemented to prevent the The AP5100 has on-chip thermal protection that prevents
excess inrush current. This in turn prevents the converter damage to the IC when the die temperature exceeds safe
output voltage from overshooting when it reaches margins. It implements a thermal sensing to monitor the
regulation. The AP5100 has an internal current source operating junction temperature of the IC. Once the die
with a soft start capacitor to ramp the reference voltage temperature rises to approximately 140°C, the thermal
from 0V to 0.810V. The soft start time is internally fixed at protection feature gets activated .The internal thermal
200us (TYP). The soft start sequence is reset when there sense circuitry turns the IC off thus preventing the power
is a Thermal Shutdown, Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO) or switch from damage.
when the part is disabled using the EN pin. A hysteresis in the thermal sense circuit allows the device
to cool down to approximately 120°C before the IC is
Current Limit enabled again. This thermal hysteresis feature prevents
The AP5100 has cycle-by-cycle current limiting undesirable oscillations of the thermal protection circuit.
implementation. The voltage drop across the internal high-
side mosfet is sensed and compared with the internally set PC Board Layout
current limit threshold. This voltage drop is sensed at This is a high switching frequency converter. Hence
about 30ns after the HS turns on. When the peak inductor attention must be paid to the switching currents
current exceeds the set current limit threshold, current limit interference in the layout. Switching current from one
protection is activated. During this time the feedback power device to another can generate voltage transients
voltage (VFB) drops down. When the voltage at the FB pin across the impedances of the interconnecting bond wires
reaches 0.4V, the internal oscillator shifts the frequency and circuit traces. These interconnecting impedances
from the normal operating frequency of 1.4MHz to a fold- should be minimized by using wide, short printed circuit
back frequency of 480kHz. The current limit is reduced to traces. The input capacitor needs to be as close as
70% of nominal current limit when the part is operating at possible to the IN and GND pins. The external feedback
480kHz. This low Fold-back frequency prevents runaway resistors should be placed next to the FB pin.
current.

AP5100 9 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Ordering Information

AP5100 W G - 7

Package Green Packing

W : SOT26 G : Green 7 : Tape & Reel

Package Packaging 13” Tape and Reel

Device
Code (Note 6) Quantity Part Number Suffix
AP5100WG-7 W SOT26 3000/Tape & Reel -7
Note: 6. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at
http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.

Marking Information
SOT26
( Top View )
6 5 4
7

XX : Identification Code
XX Y W X
Y : Year 0~9
W : Week : A~Z : 1~26 week;
a~z : 27~52 week; z represents
1 2 3
52 and 53 week
X : A~Z : Green

Part Number Package Identification Code

AP5100W SOT26 AJ

AP5100 10 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

Package Outline Dimensions (All Dimensions in mm)

SOT26

SOT26
Dim Min Max Typ
B C A 0.35 0.50 0.38
B 1.50 1.70 1.60
C 2.70 3.00 2.80
D ⎯ ⎯ 0.95
H 2.90 3.10 3.00
H J 0.013 0.10 0.05
K 1.00 1.30 1.10
K M L 0.35 0.55 0.40
M 0.10 0.20 0.15
α 0° 8° ⎯
J All Dimensions in mm
D L

Suggested Pad Layout

SOT26

C2 C2

Dimensions Value (in mm)

Z 3.20
G 1.60
G C1 X 0.55
Z Y 0.80
C1 2.40
C2 0.95
Y

AP5100 11 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
 AP5100
1.2A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER with 1.4MHz SWITCHING
FREQUENCY

IMPORTANT NOTICE

DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS
DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).

Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other
changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability
arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any
license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described
herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies
whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated website, harmless against all damages.

Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized
sales channel.
Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall
indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees
arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application.

Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names
and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks.

LIFE SUPPORT

Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without
the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:

A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:

1. are intended to implant into the body, or

2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided
in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.

B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected
to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or
systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements
concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems,
notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further,
Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes
Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.

Copyright © 2012, Diodes Incorporated

www.diodes.com

AP5100 12 of 12 April 2012

Document number: DS32130 Rev. 3 - 2 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated