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    التكليف رياضياات

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    التكليف رياضياات

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    fthalrhmnalshyby
    12 views7 pages
    Mathematics search

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    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views7 pages

    التكليف رياضياات

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    fthalrhmnalshyby
    Mathematics search

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    HADHRAMOUT UNIVERSITY

    Integral of rational functions


    Rational functions are defined as functions of the form \\frac {f (x)} {g (x)} g(x)f (x), where f f and g g are
    polynomials. The integrals (antipodes) of relativistic functions can be calculated using several methods,
    including:
    1- Partial division method: This method is used to convert a rational function into a sum of simple
    fractions with linear or quadratic denominators. Then the integral can be calculated for each individual
    fraction using the basic rules of integration or trigonometric substitution.
    2- The method of switching u: This method is used to simplify the form of the relative function so that
    the denominator becomes the derivative of the numerator (or differs from it by a multiplication
    constant).

    Then the integral can be calculated using the integral rule for the logarithmic function
    In some special cases, it may be possible to compute the integrals (antipodes) of rational functions in
    other ways, such as dividing by multiples, completing the square, or integrating by parts.

    𝑃(𝑥)
    To integrate ∫ 𝑑𝑥 where deg (𝑃(𝑥))< deg (𝑄(𝑥)) , we must begin by factoring 𝑄(𝑥).
    𝑄(𝑥)

    Nonreported Linear Factors :

    If (𝑄(𝑥)) can be factored as (𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 ) (𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 ) … (𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑛 ) , where each linear factor is
    distinct, then it is possible to find
    Constants 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 … 𝐴𝑛 satisfying.

    𝑷(𝒙) 𝑨𝟏 𝑨𝟐 𝑨𝒏
    = + + ⋯ + (𝒂
    𝑸(𝒙) (𝒂𝟏 𝒙+𝒃𝟏 ) (𝒂𝟐 𝒙+𝒃𝟐 ) 𝒏 𝒙+𝒃𝒏 )

    The proof that such constants exist is beyond the scope of this course.
    In this next example, we see how to use partial fractions to integrate a rational function of this type.

    1
    2
    In the next example, we integrate a rational function in which the degree of the numerator
    is not less than the degree of the denominator.

    3
    Repeated Linear Factors :

    For some applications, we need to integrate rational expressions that have denominators
    with repeated linear factors—that is, rational functions with at least one factor of the form
    (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)2 where 𝑛 is a positive integer greater than or equal to . If the denominator
    contains the repeated linear factor (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)2 , then the decomposition must contain
    𝑨𝟏 𝟐 𝑨 𝒏 𝑨
    + 𝟐 + ⋯ +
    𝒂𝒙+𝒃 (𝒂𝒙+𝒃) (𝒂𝒙+𝒃)𝒏

    As we see in our next example, the basic technique used for solving for the coefficients is
    the same, but it requires more algebra to determine the numerators of the partial
    fractions.

    4
    Simple Quadratic Factors :
    Now let’s look at integrating a rational expression in which the denominator contains an
    irreducible quadratic factor. Recall that the Quadratic 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is irreducible if
    𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has no real zeros—that is, if 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0.

    5
    ‫اعداد الطالب ‪:‬‬

    ‫❖ اسامه صالح شاؤوش‬


    ‫❖ اسامه ماهر بايعشوت‬
    ‫❖ اسامه باخلعه‬
    ‫❖ اسامه احمد باحصين‬
    ‫❖ بدرعثمان العمودي‬
    ‫❖ محمد صادق الشعيبي‬
    ‫❖ سعيد عبدهللا العوبثاني‬
    ‫❖ سالم حسن جبران‬
    ‫❖ رعد يحيى المصري‬
    ‫❖ علي هادي باناعمه‬
    ‫❖ مرشد برك لجابري‬
    ‫❖ عبدالعزيز سالم بالليل‬
    ‫❖ محمد احمد الشطري‬
    ‫❖ صالح ناصر بن عبادي‬
    ‫❖ فيصل باحشوان‬

    ‫‪6‬‬

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