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    Non Electrolyte Solutes From Surface Tension Change

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    thikamenituyeni
    The document describes an experiment to measure the effect of adding a non-electrolyte solute to a solvent on the surface tension of the solution. Data tables show how surface tension decreases with increasing solute concentration. Graphs of the data are also presented and discussed.

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    Non Electrolyte Solutes From Surface Tension Change

    Uploaded by

    thikamenituyeni
    23 views6 pages
    The document describes an experiment to measure the effect of adding a non-electrolyte solute to a solvent on the surface tension of the solution. Data tables show how surface tension decreases with increasing solute concentration. Graphs of the data are also presented and discussed.

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    non electrolyte solutes from surface tension change

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    The document describes an experiment to measure the effect of adding a non-electrolyte solute to a solvent on the surface tension of the solution. Data tables show how surface tension decreases with increasing solute concentration. Graphs of the data are also presented and discussed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    23 views6 pages

    Non Electrolyte Solutes From Surface Tension Change

    Uploaded by

    thikamenituyeni
    The document describes an experiment to measure the effect of adding a non-electrolyte solute to a solvent on the surface tension of the solution. Data tables show how surface tension decreases with increasing solute concentration. Graphs of the data are also presented and discussed.

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    ASC

    EXPERIMENT 3
    ABSORPTION OF NON-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTE FROM SURFACE TENSION
    CHANGE

    THIKAMENI MUNENGUNI
    221057269
    Aim
    The aim of this experiment is to explore the absorption behavior of non-electrolyte solutes by
    observing changes in surface tension. By measuring the surface tension of solutions with varying
    concentrations of the non-electrolyte solute.
    Introduction
    The absorption of solutes, particularly non-electrolytes, into liquids plays a pivotal role in various
    natural and industrial processes. One fundamental property that reflects the interaction between
    solutes and solvents is surface tension. Surface tension, defined as the energy required to increase
    the surface area of a liquid per unit area, serves as a sensitive indicator of molecular interactions at
    the liquid-air interface. When solutes are introduced into a solvent, they can alter the surface tension
    due to changes in intermolecular forces at the surface. The thermodynamic considerations show that
    in these cases the solute is negatively adsorbed at the surface, and from the application of the Gibbs
    equation it is found that the surface excess corresponds to a layer of pure water of the of the order of
    one molecule thick. Heydweiller attempted to explain this negative absorption of the solute in terms
    of the electrostatic attraction between the ions, and later Wagner was able to calculate by a rather
    complicated method the negative adsorption and the surface tensions of the dilute solutions from
    considerations of the mirror image forces at the phase interface. This theory has been extended and
    simplified by the relation. In this experiment we aim to investigate the absorption of non-electrolyte
    solutes and its impact on surface tension. By measuring the surface tension of a solvent before and
    after the addition of solute at various concentrations.

    Results and data


    Table 1 Data recoreded
    Initial volume Surface tension
    0 70.4
    1 68.7
    2 67.4
    3 65.5
    4 64.1
    5 59.2
    6 57.8
    7 55.9
    8 55.5
    9 54.8
    10 54.1
    11 56.3
    12 55.5
    15 50.7
    20 47.7

    Table 2 Calculated data


    Concentration Concentration Calculated Slope Slope for
    in mol/m^3 surface For calculated
    Tension mesured
    0 0 0 70.4 -0.2094 -0.3525
    1 0.01 10 66.88214348 -0.1994 -0.3365
    2 0.02 20 63.94124171 -0.1894 -0.3205
    3 0.03 30 60.60375459 -0.1794 -0.3045
    4 0.04 40 57.88746652 -0.1694 -0.2885
    5 0.05 50 52.21738074 -0.1594 -0.2725
    6 0.06 60 49.82628094 -0.1494 -0.2565
    7 0.07 70 47.12220057 -0.1394 -0.2405
    8 0.08 80 45.77351144 -0.1294 -0.2245
    9 0.09 90 44.23995846 -0.1194 -0.2085
    10 0.1 100 42.76937684 -0.1094 -0.1925
    11 0.11 110 43.6032804 -0.0994 -0.1765
    12 0.12 120 42.12491444 -0.0894 -0.1605
    15 0.15 150 36.29154956 -0.0594 -0.1125
    20 0.2 200 31.12939574 -0.0094 -0.0325

    Table 3 calculated data


    ┌B measured ┌B calculated CB/┌B measured CB/┌B Calculated
    0 0 0 0
    0.00080482 0.001358185 12425.13541 7362.769688
    0.001528916 0.00258721 13081.16156 7730.333853
    0.002172288 0.003687078 13810.3233 8136.525452
    0.002734936 0.004657786 14625.57261 8587.771231
    0.003216859 0.005499336 15543.11167 9092.007339
    0.003618058 0.006211727 16583.48059 9659.150097
    0.003938533 0.006794959 17773.11334 10301.75468
    0.004178284 0.007249033 19146.61515 11035.95546
    0.004337311 0.007573947 20750.18425 11882.83933
    0.004415613 0.007769704 22646.91042 12870.5039
    0.004413192 0.007836301 24925.27163 14037.23513
    0.004330046 0.00777374 27713.33333 15436.58567
    0.003596263 0.006811104 41709.96633 22022.86222
    0.000758807 0.002623536 263571.4894 76232.98462

    Figure 1 Surface tension agaist concentration


    Figure 2 excess concetration against concetration

    Figure 3 C/excess conetration against contration

    Calculations

    C1V1=C2V2
    (1)(1) = 100C 2
    C 2 = 0.01(1000)
    = 10mol/m -3

    Calculated Surface tension


    = ɣA-bɣAIn(1+Cb/β)
    = 70.4 –(0.41)(70.4) ln(1+0/150)
    = 70.40mN/m

    Surface tension measured


    y = 0.0005x2-0.2094x+70.361
    Dy/dx=0.001x-0.2094
    Slope=0.001(10)-0.2094
    =-0.1994

    Surface tension calculated


    y= 0.0008x 2 - 0.3525x+69.847
    =0.0016x-0.3525

    Slope=0.0016(10)-0.3525
    =-0.3365

    �
    ┌B= -��� × �����
    10
    =− 8.314×298 ×− 0.2094
    =0.000802182

    Discussion
    The objective of this experiment was to investigate the absorption of non-electrolyte solutes and
    its effect on surface tension. Through the experimental procedure, we obtained data regarding the
    change in surface tension with varying concentrations of the solute, as well as the corresponding
    graphs to analyze these changes.The slope of the graph represents the rate of change of surface
    tension concerning the concentration of the solute. In our experiment, the negative slope values
    indicate that an increase in solute concentration correlates with a decrease in surface tension. This
    observation aligns with the principles of surface chemistry, where the presence of solute molecules
    at the interface disrupts the cohesive forces between solvent molecules, leading to a reduction in
    surface tension
    Furthermore, the calculated surface tension values provide quantitative data regarding the extent
    of surface tension reduction with increasing solute concentration. By comparing these values
    across different concentrations, we can infer the effectiveness of the solute in lowering surface
    tension. In our experiment, we observed a significant decrease in surface tension as the
    concentration of the solute increased, suggesting a strong interaction between the solute
    molecules and the solvent at the interface.
    References
    KRUSS. (2022, SEPTEMBER 19). CMC. Retrieved from CONDUCTIVITY/CONCENTRATION:
    https://www.kruss-scientific.com/en/know-how/glossary/critical-micelle-
    concentration-cmc-and-surfactant-concentration

    Postdam, U. o. (2023, AUGUST 7). Conductometry. Retrieved from MICELLE FORMATION:


    https://www.chem.uni-potsdam.de/groups/kolloid/3_lehre/mops/e06_con.pdf

    pub.rsc.org. (2023, JULY 3). Surface active agents. Retrieved from SURFACTANTS:
    https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/sm/d2sm01320g

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