Geography Revision

GCSE, AS and A Level Geography Revision

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 GCSE GEOGRAPHY

Resource Management
Food

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 1.

REVISION NOTES

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 FOOD RESOURCES

Food resources are necessary for humans to live a healthy life.

Demand for food resources is rising globally, but supply can be
insecure, which can lead to problems and conflict. There is a need for
more food to be produced to meet the demands of people.

AREAS OF SURPLUS: these are AREAS OF DEFICIT: these are

areas of food security where areas of food insecurity where
people have enough access to people have don’t have enough
safe and nutritious food to access to safe and nutritious
maintain a healthy life. food to maintain a healthy life.

Top four countries of food Yemen, South Sudan,

security based on their 2019 Venezuela, and Afghanistan are
food security score are just some of the many
Singapore, Ireland, US and countries that experience food
Switzerland. insecurity.

GLOBAL PATTERNS OF GLOBAL PATTERNS OF FOOD

CALORIE INTAKE: Calories are SUPPLY: In general, increased
used to measure energy intake proportions of food are
from food. produced for sale on the global
marketplace. Food travels long
Large parts of Central Africa, distances, so improvements
such as Sub-Saharan nations, are made in storage and in
Asia, and South America technologies to maintain food
consume fewer calories. quality.
European and North American
countries, on the other hand, A lot of countries are net
consume more calories than importers, such as
most countries. In general, Sub-Saharan Africa, while
richer nations tend to consume others are net exporters such
more calories because of their as the USA and Canada.
access to more food.

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 GLOBAL PATTERNS OF FOOD SUPPLY: The following are examples
of common resources sourced from different countries that
contribute to food supplies.

- Asia: cereal, crops, rice, biggest producers of meat, milk, and

fish
- South America: oil
- North America: coarse grain for animal feed and brewing
- Europe: barley, and are the second-largest producers of meat,
milk, and fish
- Africa, Central America, Oceania: no specific type of food
production like other countries

REASONS FOR INCREASING CONSUMPTION

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS: RISING POPULATIONS: more

wealthier countries can afford people means that there are
more food to consume. more mouths to feed;
However, high-income low-income countries (LIC) and
countries have high levels of some newly emerging
food wastage because people economies (NEEs) like China
buy more food than they and India are experiencing the
consume. most rapid population growth,
thus putting more pressure on
Fast food industries and food their food resources.
advertising also increase food
consumption in developed
countries.

FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD SUPPLY

Food supply around the world is not even, with some countries
producing more food than other countries, and with some countries
that import or export food more than others. Different factors that
affect food supplies are the following:

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 CLIMATE: Global warming and TECHNOLOGY: Technological
erratic rainfall make farming advancements help increase
difficult and hard to maintain. yield. Examples such as
Droughts reduce the amount of greenhouses, irrigation, and
water used for agriculture, and fertilizers help overcome
in general, higher temperature temperature, water, and nutrient
lead to reduced yields. deficiencies that slow down
food supply.

PESTS AND DISEASES:

Diseases such as bacteria and
parasites, including pests such
as insects and rodents damage
crops, causing major losses.

Greenhouse Pesticides help deal with this

problem and help increase
yields. However, these are
WATER SOURCES: Without
expensive, and only wealthy
proper water sources,
countries can afford these.
agriculture becomes difficult.
Countries with hot climates
most especially are prone to
droughts and water shortages.

Water taken from underground

aquifers allows for irrigation
systems. However, these
systems are expensive, and can
have environmental Caterpillars are pests that have the
consequences if not used potential to devastate crops
sustainably and responsibly.

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 2.

ACTIVITIES

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 Activity 1
Duration: 15 minutes

● In this activity, pretend that you are a member of the World

Food Programme, and are part of a team working to end
food insecurity in Yemen.
● Using your knowledge on food resource managements,
what solutions can you propose to alleviate the situation of
the Yemenis?
● List as many as you can.

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 Activity 1
Duration: 15 minutes

● In this activity, pretend that you are a member of the World

Food Programme, and are part of a team working to end food
insecurity in Yemen.
● Using your knowledge on food resource management, what
solutions can you propose to alleviate the food crisis of the
Yemenis?
● List as many as you can.

Food aid programs can help alleviate the food insecurity in different
areas in Yemen with proper distribution to ensure that everyone gets a
fair share. However, these have short-term effects if not done
consistently. Sustainable food supplies can become accessible to the
Yemenis by teaching them techniques and by providing them with the
technology for them to grow their own crops. This, in itself, can be a more
long-term solution to their food crisis.
If fertile lands can be provided for the people with the help of the
Yemeni government, the Yemenis will be able to grow their own crops for
their own personal consumption or for commercial use. Additionally, they
can start increasing their exports to increase their income, instead of
relying heavily on food imports as a source of nutrition.
Despite them being a poor country, appropriate technologies and
proper retrofitting of their agricultural processes can help sustain the
Yemenis with safe and nutritious food long-term.
Answers may vary.

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 FLASH CARDS
A measure of hunger in
What is the Global different countries, with 0
being no hunger, and 100
Hunger Index? meaning food insecurity is
prevalent.

These are two

Aeroponics and Hydroponics
ways to grow are two ways to grow plants
without soil, and increase
plants without food supply.
soil.

This country is the

Yemen is the world’s worst
world’s worst humanitarian crisis, with a
high score on the Global
humanitarian Hunger Index.
crisis.

What are the two

The two theories about food
theories on food supply are the Malthusian
supply? and Boserupian Theories.

Geography Revision geography-revision.co.uk

 GLOSSARY

Aeroponics A system to grow plants without soil, and involves

suspending these plants in the air.

Agriculture The art and science of cultivating the soil, growing

crops and raising livestock.

Appropriate technology is a movement

Appropriate encompassing technological choice and
Technologies application that is small-scale, affordable by locals,
decentralized, and sustainable.

Arable Any land capable of being ploughed and used to

grow crops.

Aquifers Underground layers of permeable rock, which can

contain or transmit groundwater.

Areas of Deficit Areas with food insecurity where people do not

have enough access to safe and nutritious food.

Areas of Surplus Areas with food security where people have

enough access to safe and nutritious food.

A broad area of biology, involving the use of living

Biotechnology systems and organisms to develop or make
products.

Geography Revision geography-revision.co.uk

 Quiz
1. The following are countries that experience food insecurity EXCEPT?
A. Singapore
B. Yemen
C. South Sudan

2. Which of the following is NOT a key factor in calculating for Global

Hunger Index?
A. Number of undernourished people
B. Child mortality below the age of five
C. Food supply increase or decrease

3. Which of the following theories on food supply states that humans will
find ways to increase their food supply?
A. Malthusian Theory
B. Boserupian Theory
C. GHI Theory

4. Which of the following theories on food supply states that human

populations are dependent on food supplies?
A. Malthusian Theory
B. Boserupian Theory
C. GHI Theory

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 Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A

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 Geography Revision
GCSE, AS and A Level Geography Revision

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 Geography Revision
GCSE, AS and A Level Geography Revision

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