CHAPTER I In the BJMP, Therapeutic

INTRODUCTION Community Modality Program (TCMP)

was introduced in 1998 when a group of
The mandate of the Bureau of personnel underwent a six (6) week live-
Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) in trainer’s training under the DAYTOP
is both safekeeping and development of International trainers sponsored by the
inmates. The thrust of the Directorate US State Department. From then on, a
for Inmates Welfare and Development is number of BJMP personnel were trained
to devise programs for inmate by DAYTOP trainers, namely Aloysius
development to prepare them for their Joseph, Frederick Loke, Jimmy Curtin
eventual reintegration into the and Fernando Perfas. The program was
mainstream of society. Behavioral and initially implemented in selected jails in
psychological development is of utmost the National Capital Region (NCR). The
importance since some offenders lack TCMP training was cascaded to a
the necessary moral, emotional and significant number of BJMP personnel.
psychological stability to make them law The Jail National Training Institute
abiding citizens upon release from jail. (JNTI) likewise incorporated the TCMP
The Therapeutic Community into its Program of Instruction (POI) for
Modality Program (TCMP) is a self BJMP personnel undergoing mandatory
help social learning treatment model trainings. Despite the significant number
which utilizes the community as the of trainer’s training conducted,sustaining
primary therapeutic vehicle to foster the TCMP in jails remained a challenge.
behavioral and attitudinal change. In this There is also the prevailing issue
modality, the person learns and of development versus security. The
practices skills and responsibilities wardens were adamant to implement
through structured activities that they the program for fear of security laxity
can transfer to the society upon their due to the increased mobility of inmates
release. Each participant is expected to during activities. The low ratio of jail
be a contributing member of the personnel to inmates has caused such
community and develops the impetus to alarm. Despite these factors, some
change by being a member of the jails continue to implement the TCMP
community. but activities are mostly centered on the
At present, TCMP is recognized Morning Meeting. The TC staffs are
as the backbone program of the BJMP regularly rotated to other jails as part of
for inmate development and is being the BJMP rules thus leaving a vacuum
implemented in majority of the jails on the respective jails if not properly
nationwide. The program was relieved by another TC trained staff.
inconsistently implemented as it This lack of constancy and
wavered due to varied reasons. Despite consistency makes it difficult for the
the training of numerous jail personnel, program to thrive. Despite their TC
the practice of TCMP remained far from training, TC staff generally feels inept to
being ideal. A lot of modifications and handle the program. On assessment of
deviations were introduced that some the existing TCMP in certain jails, some
programs lost their fidelity to the core modifications were introduced which
essence of TCMP. It is for this reason tend to deviate fromthe core essence of
that this official BJMP TCMP Manual the program, hence this TCMP manual
was crafted to serve as reference and has been crafted.
guide to TCMP practitioners to attain Due to the large number of jails
uniformity in the practice of the program. nationwide and the huge budgetary
BJMP personnel, as well as inmates, requirement needed to train all the
should be well versed with the contents prospective TC staff, the DIWD came up
of the manual as these are necessary to with a program decentralizing the
attain therapeutic goals. training activities to minimize manpower
and resources. Every region was
TCMP IN THE BJMP: BACKGROUND required to identify and establish a
regional model TC jail which will be “Development of Inmates” however
developed by a regional core group of there are issues and concerns attributed
TC trainers. to the program implementation that
The regional model TC jail will needs to be addressed to ensure its
then serve as a training center for effectiveness. The TCMP believes that
prospective TC staff for the respective a person needs to have a strong sense
regions. This is an effective way of of personal and social responsibility in
reaching even the rural jails implement order to live a fully functional healthy
TCMP on a national scale. In lifestyle.
November 2012, the BJMP National TC The conceptual paradigm of the
Technical Working Group initiated the study elaborates the four development
crafting of the BJMP TCMP Operational aspects of TCMP, these are: behavior
Manual which will serve as reference for management, emotional and
a standard and uniform TC psychological, intellectual and spiritual,
implementation and training of and vocational and survival skills,
personnel and inmates. showing special areas of concern in
the individual’s personality. Each
OBJECTIVES: component has very discrete sets of
1. To introduce and institutionalize activities, methodologies and
TCMP as the backbone philosophies and underlying theories
program of the BJMP for inmate that help promote change in the
development members of the community and the
2. To provide the jail TCMP use of various behavior shaping tools
implementers with a manual that will are interconnected/interrelated
serve as a guide in the proper with one another.
implementation of the program
3. To attain uniformity and TC PHILOSOPHY
standardization in the implementation I am here because there is no refuge
of TCMP and ensure its fidelity to the finally, from myself.
core essence of the Until I confront myself in the eyes and
program hearts of others,
I am running.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets,
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
Where else but in our common ground
can I see such a mirror?
Here, together, I can at last appear
clearly to myself,
not as the giant of my dreams nor the
dwarf of my fears, but
as a person, part of the whole, with my
share in its purpose.
The Therapeutic Community In this ground, I can take root and grow,
Modality Program and the Four not alone anymore, as in death but alive
Interconnected Development Aspects: to myself and to others.
Behavior Management; Emotional and
Psychological; Intellectual and Spiritual;
and Vocational and Survival Skills. The CARDINAL RULES IN TC
Therapeutic Community Modality *No sex or sexual acting out
Program is adopted by the bureau in *No drugs/ Alcohol
attaining one of its mandates, the *No violence or threat of violence
*No stealing - TC concepts, written and unwritten
philosophy
HOUSE RULES: Examples No - The staff and the members of the
destruction of jail property community
 Respect staff and status - The tools of the house
 Follow directions without feedback - Job functions and TC hierarchy
 No cigarette smoking
 No contraband He is then assigned a static
 No gambling group and a big brother who will provide
 Be on time in all activities him with support and will walk him
 Lights off at 10:00 PM through the orientation phase.
 No talking/laughing after lights off At this phase, the resident is handled
 Maintain good grooming and hygiene gently and is expected to
 No vandalism commit mistakes in the process of
 Be courteous to people learning the program. Sanctions
 Use the chain of command on negative behavior are usually light
 No talking/laughing during the with emphasis on teaching.
Morning meeting and
other activities Phase II- Primary Treatment
 No lending or borrowing without
permission After proper orientation on the
 Respect other people’s property different TC concepts and tools, the
* Please refer to Inmates’ Manual for norms and rules of the community and
additional house rules. the staff members, the resident is now
ready to undergo the treatment proper.
PHASES OF TREATMENT He becomes a part of the community
starting as a crew member of the
TCMP in the BJMP set up is Housekeeping department until he
quite unique in the sense that inmates gradually ascends in the hierarchy. He
are in custody while undergoing trial for must be knowledgeable on the
their individual cases. Their following:
length of stay is determined by how fast
is the disposition of their  Proper use of the different tools to
cases. The cases may be decided upon address personal issues and
after a short period of time or concerns and shape behavior
may last for years. Though the different  Managing own feelings and
phases of treatment isobserved, it learning how to express self
cannot be fully implemented or may not appropriately
be followed as  Learning how to follow the rules
scheduled due to the uniqueness of the and norms of the community
status of the residents.  Maximize participation in activities
that are appropriate to the
Phase I- Entry/Orientation Phase resident’s need for growth
 Learning how to trust the
Once an inmate is committed to environment by disclosing self to
jail, he undergoes a series of the community and develop insight
examination to determine his physical, in the process Developing positive
social and psychological coping skills to deal with difficult life
status. Upon his commitment, a resident situations
is placed on orientation at  Enhancing educational and
the Reception and Diagnostic room/ vocational skills to make him
Orientation Room. In here, he is productive
acquainted with the TC program:  Improve social skills and recognize
the importance of other people’s
- The rules and norms of the community help in shaping behavior
 Reintegration into the mainstream
Phase III- Pre Re-entry of society.
 Developing realistic and attainable
Under regular circumstances, goals in life.
the resident is expected at this stage
to have internalized the TC values and Phase IV- Aftercare
concept to start life afresh. However, in
the jail setting where entry and release Aftercare is an outpatient
are not within the jail control, residents program that requires clients to report
may not have reached this phase of twice a week to an outreach center.
treatment before they even leave the jail They are required to attend
facility. Regardless of the resident’s group sessions to ensure their
length of stay, he is expected to adjustment to life outside jail to reduce
undergo this phase prior to release into recidivism. For clients released from jail,
society. At this phase, the resident is they are referred to the Parole and
expected to have proven his ability to Probation Administration and Local
take on more responsibility hence needs Government Units for follow up and
lesser supervision. He is considered a aftercare. The clients are focused on the
role model in the TC community. He following:
should focus on the following learning:
 Maintaining positive behavior and
 Rebuilding of social and family ties prevent recidivism
 Going up the ladder of hierarchy by  Strengthening coping mechanism
showing leadership  Maintaining relationships and support
 Realization of his full potential to be mechanism
a productive member of society  Sustaining interest in job or
 Mapping out of plans vocation to maintain livelihood
 Integration into society
Phase IV- Re-entry
STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL
In the ideal setting, a resident at TCMP
this stage is now ready to be released A.Physical Environment
back to society as he has demonstrated  The internal and external environment
adequate selfcontrol and discipline. is comfortable, clean and welcoming.
The inmate is now preparing for  TC Philosophy and unwritten
his life outside of jail and is focused on philosophies are visibly posted around
making himself a productive citizen. He the facility. Hierarchical structure and
may start planning for job hunting and daily activities are displayed.
rebuilding family ties and relationships.  There is adequate space to hold
In the jail setting, the residents activities and rooms for specific
will stay inside the jail until their meetings that require privacy.
cases are resolved or they have been  A clean and well maintained kitchen
convicted and need to be remanded that complies with the sanitary
to the Bureau of Corrections. standards of BJMP.
Provision of recreation areas
The resident must focus on the both indoors and outdoors.
following:  The dining area is equipped with
enough tables and chairs
 Transition to life outside of jail. to accommodate the inmates.
 Creating a new lifestyle applying  Adequate sanitary toilets and
the tools and concept of TC. bathrooms that provide
 Learning positive coping skills to privacy to users.
deal with day to day situations.  Adequate space for sleeping and
 Re-establishing and strengthening habitation that respects
family ties and support group. the individual’s personal space.
 The Behavior Management is a
B. TCMP Staff: component of Therapeutic Community
 The TCMP staff has undergone Modality Program (TCMP) that
proper training on TCMP introduces the concept and mechanics
 Presence of a permanent TCMP staff of the various shaping tools to include
to supervise the program and conduct Morning Meeting in order to facilitate the
the various activities management of and shape the behavior
 The TCMP staff will not be transferred of the residents. This shows the
to other jails until properly covered by essential elements and significance of
another TC trained staff the tools which would provide the
 There is proper shift turn-over of TC community common language, increase
trained staff on a daily basis cohesiveness and adapt to the moral
 TCMP staff can be utilized to handle and behavioral code of the tools
other tasks but puts priority to TCMP application. The behavior shaping tools
 Regular meetings are held by staff to are ordered in hierarchy to provide
discuss progress, issues and concerns enough room for personal growth and
about the program learning. The community serves as a
 All the jail staff are involved in the dynamic force that motivates the
TCMP and are contributing members individual to achieve positive behavior
 The staff works as a team in change.
delivering services to inmates
 The staff serves as role models and Objectives:
treats inmates with respect and dignity 1.)To introduce the concept of behavior
 Incentives are given to TCMP staff in management through the
terms of awards and commendations use of various behavior shaping tools to
residents.
C. The Therapeutic Environment -The 2.)To institutionalize the practice of
Inmates/ Residents: behavior shaping tools to
 The residents treat each other with foster behavior change among
respect at all times regardless of age, residents.
religion, cultural diversity, etc. The 3.)To highlight the importance of
residents practice a culture of honesty behavior management in relation
and openness in discussing thoughts to the other TCMP components towards
and feelings, providing and attitudinal change
receiving feedback among residents.
 Confidentiality is respected and
practiced Indicators:
 The residents are involved in decision 1.)Residents will understand the
making and planning in TCMP activities different Behavior Shaping Tools
 The participants of TCMP are change and practice them as part of their daily
agents in bringing about transformation living.
among peers 2.)Residents will utilize the different
 The residents comply with the behavior shaping tools in
cardinal and house rules and serve as promoting change within themselves
“watchdogs” for their peers with the aim and others.
of correcting erring members 3.)Residents will display improvement in
 Absence or minimal incidence of jail demeanor,
violence/disturbance communication and social skills.
 The residents respect the hierarchy 4.)Residents will understand the
and chain of command relevance of the different tools in
the attainment of behavioral change.
CHAPTER II
TOOLS
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT *Pre Morning Meeting
INTRODUCTION *Morning Meeting
*Talk To regarding important activities or
*Pull Up businesses and other information
*Dealt With that the community needs to know. It is
*Haircut*Learning Experience/ Bans a review of how the community
*General Meeting performed in the previous day and
*Expulsion check on the behavior of erring
members through the conduct of “pull-
PRE MORNING MEETING ups”.
Duration/ Frequency: Fifteen minutes A pull up is done as an
daily expression of concern over the lapses
Participants: Senior residents, of some members and encourage
Counselor ownership of mistakes on the violators.
The pull-up is followed by affirmations of
Pre-Morning Meeting is done good deeds, display of responsible
early in the morning prior to the Morning concern towards peers or unselfish acts
Meeting. Senior members of the of some residents. This is to show that
community will meet for about fifteen good deeds are not left unnoticed and
(15) minutes to discuss the attitude of leave a feeling of self-worth to those
the house the previous day. It is also concerned.
where the senior members formulate The first part of the Morning
solutions to the concerns discussed and Meeting is a serious business where the
to be executed during the day. The members are expected to be formal
attendees will also discuss the activities in their demeanors. Rules are set such
to be engaged in the Morning Meeting as: no side talking, no cross legging, no
and make sure that all participants are laughing, hands on the laps and sit
ready with their corresponding parts and erect.
determine the amount of time to be The Concept of the Day serves
allotted for each part. The group will as a guide as to what direction the
agree on the theme or concept of the community is headed for the day. It is
day. This is to make sure that elaborated by residents of the
everything is ironed out prior to the community to have a better
conduct of the Morning Meeting such as understanding of the whole concept.
the validation of pull-ups and other The concept of the day is
concerns. preferably taken from the Unwritten
Philosophies of TCMP. The second part
MORNING MEETING of the meeting consists of entertaining
Duration/ frequency: One hour daily presentations to lighten up the mood
Participants: All residents, Counselor and start the day on a positive
Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that note. It somehow develops some talents
starts the day in a TC and shed off inhibitions of
faclility. participants.

It is attended by the whole PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING

community and lasts for an hour. I. COMMUNITY
It commences with the Opening Prayer, ANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS
Singing of the Philippine National a. Opening Prayer (Ecumenical)
Anthem and the recitation of the TC b. Singing of the Philippine National
Philosophy. It is usually facilitated by Anthem (Flag must be displayed)
any member of the community. It is c. TC Philosophy (Adopted translation)
divided intotwo (2) parts namely: (1) d. Announcements Staff (Director, Asst.
public announcements and community Director, Counselor & other personnel)
concerns and (2) community-spirit Residents (Coordinators, Dep’t Heads,
building or up rituals. Expediters) Report on Dorm Inspection
The first part of the meeting by Chief Expediter
consists of public announcements
e. Community Concerns Pull-ups/ PULL-UP
elaboration Affirmations A Pull-up is done as a result of
f. Concept of the Day lack, missed or lapses in awareness in a
g. Verse of the Day resident. All the members of the
community are responsible to pull-up
II. UP – RITUALS minor infractions done by peers. It
h. News casting (Local, Nat’l, encourages honesty, demeanor
International, Sports and awareness and owning up to one’s
Weather News) mistakes. Thisis done when the violator
i. Entertainment (Choose either Song, is unknown and must be validated first
Dance, Skit, Humorous Story) prior to bringing up in the Morning
j. Community Singing (Any song that Meeting.
has relation to the Concept of the Day) Pull-ups create a certain degree
k. Greetings of dissonance on the guilty party
whereby there is a strong internal
HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR conflict whether to practice honesty or
SHAPING TOOLS continue to live in a lie. When the
resident is able to overcome the impulse
Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is to lie and start practicing honesty, his
employed to strengthen the learning commitment to live by the TC standards
process and the practice of more increases.
adaptive behaviors within the social The resident receiving the pull-
learning environment. The major tools of up is expected to listen without saying a
the BST, such as the Talk To, Pull–up, word, assume that it is valid, quickly
Dealt With, Haircut, Learning display the corrected behavior and
Experience, General Meeting and express gratitude in receiving it. After
Expulsion were developed as a means one member did the pull-up, other
to correct behaviors of the residents that residents who want to show concern
violated the TC norms. The Hierarchy of can make elaborations to give emphasis
Behavior Shaping Tools will serve as a to the infractions and concretize the
guide to determine which of the tools admonitions that need to be relayed to
are appropriate to be used based on the the violator. Two to three elaborations
severity of the infraction or violations are ideal. Too many elaborations are
committed by the residents against the discouraged as they may take so much
TC Rules. time. Focus should be given to the
behavior and not the person. It is meant
TALK TO to raise awareness and not to punish or
A “Talk To” is an outright embarrass the violator. Personal
correction done by any member of the attacks, shaming or the use of racist
TC community to another member who language are strictly forbidden during
has done a minor infraction but is not pull-ups. It should be emphasized that
aware of it. It is a friendly pull-ups are done out of responsible
reminder/advice about an unacceptable love and concern to avoid creating
behavior and must be done privately. negative feelings during the process.
During a “Talk To”, the resident is made In a situation wherein no one
aware of his/her negative behavior and stood and owned up a negative
the results it may have on others and behavior raised in the pull-up, the
the environment. The feedback given to resident doing the Pull-Up will narrow
the resident who committed mistake is down the Pull-Up to make it clear and
done in a positive way. This is to evoke specific, stating the place and time of
awareness on the part of the violators to the occurrence. In the event that nobody
avoid committing the same mistake and stood to own it up, the resident doing
be given heavier sanctions if done in the Pull-Up will instead ask
the future. thecommunity to stand and there,he/she
will deliver his pull-up addressing the
entire family believing that the violator is Haircut is done when negative
a responsibility of the whole community. behaviors or infractions to the House
Rules/Norms in same offense are done
Example of a Pull-up: for the third time or more or for first time
The moderator asks for someone who grave offenses. It is a carefully planned
has a Pull-up. A member raises his and structured verbal reprimand given
hand and declared: “Who among my by a Staff with four other residents -
brothers/ sisters did not flush the toilet Senior Resident, Peer, Big Brother, and
after using it early in the morning?” Department Head (Figure 3). The tone
is more serious and can be loud, more
(Sinu-sino sa ating mga kapatid na harsh and exaggerated.
naririto ang hindi nagbuhos This is done to induce anxiety
ng tubig sa palikuran (kubeta) and eventually change the person’s
pagkatapos gumamit kaninang behavior. Before the group calls in the
umaga?) person, they will discuss among
A few people stood up to admit themselves the order of speakers, how
the pull up. The resident doing the Pull- intense the haircut will be and what
Up then gives his/her admonition/advice sanctions will be given if any. The
to the violators. The moderator asks for resident is then called inside and waits
elaborations. until he is asked to sit. He will be asked
All members attending the if he knows the reason for his
Morning Meeting must raise their hands appearance. After the person’s
to show their concerns. It is noted that a response, he will be asked to sit and
question must be asked mentioning the remain silent to enable him/her absorb
circumstances using the 3Ws (What, all the advices.
Where, and When). The violators are The haircut gives emphasis on
not allowed to talk or respond but just the behavior of the resident and
stand, face the community and accept the severity of the haircut should be
the admonitions. The number of appropriate to the gravity of the
elaborations depends upon the number Friend Senior Resident Peeroffense.
of Pull-Ups. The more Pull-Ups brought Each member of panel is given ample
in, the less elaborations. time to express himself without
interruption from the other members.
DEALT WITH The staff or peer who
Dealt With is done when booked the haircut should not be part of
negative behaviors or infractions to the the team so as to avoid bias or
House Rules/Norms are done for the subjectivity. Before a resident be
second time of same offense by subjected to Haircut, his/her infraction
a resident. must be first investigated, discussed
A panel of three (3) composed of and decided by the Disciplinary Board
a senior resident, peer and a friend are (Book II, Rule 2, Section 4 of the BJMP
tasked to deliver a serious and stern Manual).
reprimand to the subjected resident. Sanction/Learning Experience
Although the tool does not that has been decided upon by the
strictly require the presence of a staff, jail Disciplinary Board and the TCMP
to attain its purpose, the staff should staff will be imposed after the
monitor its conduct to ensure that the Haircut.
panel assigned to the task really acted
appropriately. LEARNING EXPERIENCE
It is done privately in a room or A Learning Experience (LE) is
an area with no other else hearing an action or activity given to a resident
the conversation. who was subjected to Haircut orGeneral
Meeting who did an infraction to correct
HAIRCUT or modify a behavior. LE may be task –
oriented, written task or peer INTRODUCTION
interactions. Since TCMP is educational BJMP residents who are
rather than punitive in its approach to detained are basically psychologically
behavioral Resident Subjected to and emotionally challenged. They share
Haircut Big Brother Peer Dep’t Head one thing in common, that is being
Senior Resident Stafchange, the LE incarcerated with uncertainties as to the
should be done in a way that would outcome of their individual cases. They
remind the person of the negative feel isolated, helpless and at times
attitude he has done hopeless brought about by separation
withoutcompromising his human dignity. from their loved ones and society in
The intent of the LE is not to general and all other issues thatconfront
stigmatize the person but to motivate them while incarcerated.Such emotional
him to make restitutions for the wrong turmoil needs to be addressed to help
doings he committed and redeem them bounce back and experience a life
himself in the community. of normalcy despite their unique
The LE should be related to the situation.
infraction committed for him to focus on The TCMP provides activities
the behavior expected of him in the and services that cater to this particular
community. It should not be given as a need. This topic tackles the discussion
punishment but rather a motivation to on the therapeutic value of processing
develop more positive attitude. This will of feelings which does not only lie on
develop a sense of responsibility on how freely one expresses them but
him while stressing his inadequacies. more so on the person’s ability to
LE should be realistic and humane. identify, acknowledge, and express
Putting a person on LE for more than them appropriately.
one (1) week may lessen the learning
objective. Putting the person on LE for INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE
an extended period of time or sanctions INTERVIEW
that are far harsher than the offense or
may deny him of the basic necessities INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING/ ONE TO
may border on abuse and violation of ONE COUNSELING
human rights.
Close supervision with clear GROUPS
goals increases the effectiveness of the *Static Group
sanction. Upon lifting the LE after seven *Peer Confrontation Group
(7) days, the resident subjected to the *Secrets
tool will be accorded with a Senior *Encounter Group
Resident coming from his/her Static *Extended Group
Group who will provide guidance and SPECIALIZED GROUPS
continually monitors the performance in *Women’s Group
the house of the former. The senior *Men’s Group
resident assigned will give a self-report *Anger Management
after fifteen (15) days on how the *Loss and Bereavement
resident (who undergone LE) carried out *Medication Support
his responsibilities after the LE and
state therein the resident’s condition Group COUNSELING
whether he/she needs further
supervision. The authority in giving LE Counseling is defined as a
lies in the Disciplinary Board and TCMP professional activity of helping
staff. individuals, groups or communities
enhance or restore their capacity for
CHAPTER III psychological, emotional and social
functioning and creating an environment
PSYCHOLOGICAL and EMOTIONAL favorable for the attainment of these
ASPECT goals.
Psychosocial Skills and 1. Introduction: First 10 minutes
Characteristics of Counseling:  Greet the client warmly.
 Smile and shake hands.
*Empathy is the ability to perceive the  Escort to the counseling room.
client’s feelings and to demonstrate  Explain how the session is going to
accurate perception of the client. It is be to alleviate fears.
merely “putting oneself in the client’s  This is the time to develop rapport.
shoes”. When the client feels  Assure client on confidentiality.
understood, a sense of trust or “rapport” 2. Information gathering: About 20
is developed. Rapport paves the way to minutes
a more meaningful communication and  Know the reason for consultation.
may enable the client to understand and  Client can start anywhere.
accept more of his or her complexity of  Counselor may take notes.
feelings.  Client needs to do almost all of the
*Warmth is also called “unconditional talking.
positive regard”. It involves accepting  Counselor may ask open questions or
and caring about the client as a person, use techniques like clarifying,
regardless of any evaluation or rephrasing, focusing, reflecting,
prejudices on the client’s behavior or reality testing, etc.
thoughts. It is most often conveyed 3. Discussion/ Counselor Input:
through our non-verbal behavior or Counselor tells the client what he thinks
bodily gestures. the client is
*Respect is our belief in the client’s saying.
ability to make appropriate decisions  Counselor develops a list of
and deal appropriately with his or her concerns.
life situation, when given a safe and  Client would concur or not to the
supportive environment in which to do counselor’s understanding.
so. It is often showed best by not  Prioritize problems and which one to
offering advice or cheap comfort. The work on first.
counselor shows his utmost respect to  Client will provide plans of action to
the client by listening in silence and work on specific problem.
giving him the opportunity to design his  Counselor will assist in mapping out
own solutions to the problem. A similar plans.
term for this is “empowerment” as the 4. Conclusion:
counselor likewise demonstrates that he  Motivate the client that “he can do it”.
values the integrity of the client. If not, he may need to be referred to a
*Congruence or genuineness is being Professional.
honest and authentic in dealing with the  Brief client on what to expect the next
client. It is showing real concern rather session (progress based on plan of
than focusing on techniques during action).
sessions. It is also being aware of the  End session on a positive note.
counselor’s own unmet needs and how  Client should be able to list down
it may affect his relationship with the things that he has to look forward to
client. over the next few days. If not, this is a
*Confidentiality means that anything red flag for suicide.
discussed during counseling sessions is
held absolutely private and not to be When to break Confidentiality?
discussed anywhere. This contract 1. Children are being neglected or
should be held sacred so as to maintain abused
the client’s trust and enable him to 2. Appearance in court as a witness
disclose sensitive matters to the 3. Client expressed plan to commit
counselor without fear of any breach of suicide
confidentiality. 4. Client expressed plan to harm others

Pattern of Counseling Session:

INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE 2. To provide a regular source of
INTERVIEW counseled guidance to
TCMP participants in jail are residents.
unique as they are not necessarily drug 3. To assist the residents to develop
users. TCMP is introduced as a better coping skills and
program for the development of improve self-esteem.
inmates while they are awaiting trial. 4. To explore the different psychological
The intake interview in the jail tools which promote
setting is done by a Counselor to newly the development of insight and increase
admitted residents. The main purpose self-efficacy among
is to elicit information about the resident the residents.
and provide information about the Indicators:
program and what the expectations are 1. Self-understanding
on both parties. Full and honest 2. Established rapport
disclosure is expected on the resident 3. Achieved a bigger, wider level of self-
to elicit adequate and elaborate awareness.
information and come up with the 4. Experienced relief from emotional
proper treatment plan. distress.
Duration and Frequency: One to two
Objectives: hours per session/depending
1. To elicit information and foster trust upon the needs as designed by the
and confidence between counselor.
the resident and the personnel in- Participants: Counselor and resident
charge by using the intake Procedure:
interview form. 1. Individual counseling is a helping tool
2. To provide the residents with the between the residents
necessary information and counselor. Residents are usually
about the program. referred to the
Indicators: counselor as needed by peers or staff
1. Established rapport based on the
2. Established openness and residents’ behavior.
cooperation 2. The counselor uses different
3. Developed insight techniques and methods in
4. Expectations expressed and counseling.
information provided 3. The resident discusses different
Participants: Newly committed issues which causes
residents, Counselor his/her difficulties.
Duration: 1 hour 4. Follow-up sessions will be done
Procedure: depending upon the needs
1. After the booking procedure, the of the resident.
Counselor/IWDO will 5. The length of the sessions will be
conduct the initial intake interview to the determined by the
newly committed progress of the resident.
residents using the intake interview
form. GROUP COUNSELING
This is done only in a designated area Objectives:
and one resident at a time. 1. To provide support to residents who
ONE TO ONE fall behind and raise
COUNSELLING/INDIVIDUAL awareness about problematic
COUNSELING behaviors.
Objectives: 2. To help solve and overcome the
1. To promote individual explorations problem.
and help surface 3. To impart to residents the practice of
complicated and troubled feelings TC norms and values.
among the residents.
4. To develop awareness and insight 7. When their emotional needs and
into one’s motives, feelings, problems are properly addressed, their
and behavior. positive behaviors and attitudes emerge
Indicators: and they will eventually feel better about
1. Encouraged commitments themselves.
2. Problems addressed 8. Focuses on the issues of the “here
3. Developed sense of belongingness and now”. Personal disclosure of the
STATIC GROUPS past is allowed if it affects the present.
The Static Group is a permanent Confidentiality is strictly observed.
group of peers and leaders that meet 9. The static group does away with
regularly while the residents are in negative socialization and
treatment. It is a sort of “home” group employs positive re-socialization
who provides support for one another through a caring
and to the new members of the relationship with peers.
community. This is designed to provide
a forum for self-expression and PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP
disclosure. It is usually facilitated by The group participants in Peer
senior members of the group. It focuses Confrontation group are selected by
on group relationship and patterns the staff and group according to peers
of behavior. like adult members will go with the
Duration/ Frequency: one hour/once a same date of entry in the facility and
week same goes with the middle and young
Participants: 10-15 residents, members.
Counselor It is done in a more
Procedure: compassionate way where each
1. Once a resident enters the jail, resident try to help one another.
he/she is assigned to a particular Static Participants confront each other on what
group. It serves as a permanent group they do for themselves while in the
that addresses the general issues in facility and ask how they are coping with
treatment. it.
2. It utilizes confrontation from peers to Duration/ frequency: one hour/ twice a
evoke changes in behavior though the month
group is primarily supportive. The Participants: 10-15 residents,
group provides immediate support to Coordinator
new members of the community Procedure:
3. Each resident member is encouraged 1. Participants will sit in a circle position.
in expressing and disclosing personal 2. Staff may sit just outside the circle or
issues and concerns and receives there may be no staff.
feedbacks from the other members. 3. There is no particular order of
Violence and threat of violence are speaking. It is conventional and free –
prohibited. wheeling.
4. For each session the group may 4. Participants may start with a prayer.
discuss any topic of desire or may follow 5. Participants may then say “What do
certain themes for a more systematic you say about me? Or Please give me a
flow of discussion. feedback on my progress here “or how
5. By using confrontation, identification, do you see me?
support, affirmation and giving 6. Any of the other participants may give
feedback, residents learn and practice an honest, straightforward feedback.
the TC norms and values. Tone and feeling should be
6. The residents are oriented to new proportionate to the issue.
and positive coping styles which they 7. Peer confrontation is done in a
can utilize to live a new lifestyle and compassionate way where each
attain personal growth and better resident try to help one another and
relationships. identify certain issues which could be a
hindrance to his recovery.
8. At the end of the sharing, the resident focusing on the feelings of the
is asked a commitment about issue that participants and how it affected each
he feels uncomfortable dealing with. one of them. The group may choose to
pray as a closing ritual.
8. Before the group adjourns, the
SECRETS facilitators collects the letters and burn
Secrets are a group activity them in a clay bag or garbage bin as a
where participants are given the symbolic ritual of letting go of all the
opportunity to unload emotional hurts and pains and not allowing them
baggage and thus experience freedom to hinder their future growth
from internal psychological conflicts. It .
promotes trust among the participants ENCOUNTER GROUPS
knowing that each will reveal his utmost The Encounter Group serves as
secrets to the group. It also aims to a “safety valve” within the community
deepen mutual respect among the which is usually high pressured and
participants. structured. It is a forum for members of
Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a the community to verbally express pent-
month up or negative emotions within a
Participants: Staff, 10-12 residents structured and safe environment without
Procedure: resorting to violence or aggression and
1. Form a group of 10-12 residents, without fear of reprisal. There are strict
preferably of variedly different persons. behavioral norms and rules observed
2. Each one is instructed to go to a during an encounter group such as no
place where they can be alone and free violence or threat of violence, no attack
from distractions. on personal dignity, speak only for
3. In a piece of paper, the resident will oneself and remain seated at all times.
write a letter to himself about an event The language used in
in his life which he has been keeping as expressing their feelings is seldom
a deep secret because it has caused a restricted though in the Filipino culture,
lot of pain, guilt, shame or anxiety. use of foul language is avoided to
4. The letter is written as if he is prevent harboring of negative feelings
addressing it to somebody and from the receiver.
could start as “Dear friend”. He should The primary goal of an
not state his name or any name and encounter group is to raise awareness
place which could lead the group as to of behaviors and explore the underlying
the writer. He may write it in a way that feelings that led to such negative
would not give away any hint. This is emotions.
done for 30 minute. Duration/ frequency: 1- 1 1/2 hours/
5. The group then converges and all the once or twice a week
rolled letters will be placed in a bag. The Participants: Counselor, 2 co-
residents will be seated in a circle. The facilitators, 8-10 residents
first one will be asked to pick up a letter Procedure:
and read it aloud to everyone as if he is 1. A resident may drop a slip on another
reading his own letter. The rest will resident stating his name, the name of
provide advice, moral support, the person he is dropping a slip and the
motivation or encouragement to the reason for dropping the slip. Only
reader. No criticisms or negative feelings of hurt, anger and concern can
comments are encouraged. be reasons for encounter.
6. The facilitator admonishes the 2. The staff will choose his co-facilitators
participants to refrain from curiously who are also staff members. Once he
trying to find out the owner of the letters. has gathered 2 or 3 slips, he may
Everyone is likewise admonished to schedule an encounter group.
keep the discussions strictly confidential 3. The facilitator will arrange the group
7. After all the letters were read, the in a circle in such a way that the two
facilitator will do a brief processing parties involved are seated opposite
each other. The facilitator should be commitments to avoid such occurrence
able to guide the flow of conversation in the future. Such commitment made
and should be skilled enough to by the residents will be monitored to
interrupt anytime he feels that the make sure that they are being put to
safety of the group is being practice to avoid lapses.
compromised. d.) Socialization: This is a structured
4. The flow of the encounter should social event where all those involved in
pass through the four (4) phases: an encounter will have ample time to
a.) Confrontation: This phase involves mend fences with those they have
verbalization of concerns or honest offended or hurt in the past. The
disclosure of emotions that has been purpose is to achieve closure, reaffirm
provoked during interpersonal relationship and maintain the unity of
interactions with another resident. the community so that all those involved
Regardless of the cathartic nature of can move on and leave the past behind.
expression, the rules of the encounter
group should always be respected. The EXTENDED GROUP
focus should always be about how one The Extended Groups (Probe,
feels because of the behavior of the Marathon) are usually composed of 5-
other. There should never be any attack 12 residents and is being facilitated by 2
on one’s persona but rather on his/her highly trained staff members.
behavior. Each should be allowed to It may last for 8-72 hours. The
express himself before a rebuttal is participants must have at least 4 months
allowed. Name-calling and other hostile in the program and have shown
languages may not resolve the problem adequate stability before he can be
and may even heighten the animosity included in the activity. It is a potentially
between both parties.This phase consist intimate and intense session which
mainly of exchange of verbal needs a significant amount of
expressions of emotions as a way of preparation. It focuses on the “here and
release. now” but allows a deeper exploration of
b.)Exploration: In this phase, all the issues that affects new behavior.
feelings that were expressed are further Special subjects may be the focus such
examined and explored and find as sexuality, trauma, etc.
out how it could have resulted in such
way in order to evoke awareness on the CHAPTER IV
connection of behavior, feelings and INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL
attitude. In this phase, blaming or finger COMPONENTS
pointing at one party is avoided. It will
only cause resentment form one party. INTRODUCTION
This phase hopes to enhance the Can spirituality and intellect go
insight of both parties and encourage together? Is spirituality and intelligence
ownership of one’s mistake and take at odds with each other? Intelligence
accountability for his/her actions. It and spirituality ultimately follow the
gives both parties the opportunity to same path. By embracing intellect to its
examine themselves in relation to their fullest extent, one will eventually arrive
conflict with the other party. at a sense of spirituality. Our actions are
c.)Resolution and Commitment: After governed by intelligence; we achieve
some realizations and attaining some the best results when we make the most
insights into their behaviors, the intelligent decisions. But if we go home,
residents are now ready to move to the meditate, and begin asking questions
last phase to practice new behaviors. like, "What is the purpose of my life?"
From the feedbacks received, the we have to load up a different set of
resident involved will now express how rules. Now we've supposedly left the
he feels about the whole thing and may territory of the intellect and entered the
own up his behavior which has caused spiritual realm. We try to interact
the conflict. He then goes on to make intelligently with our outer world and
spiritually with our inner world. Hence, *Religious Activities
as the BJMP aims to institutionalize
Therapeutic Community Modality Objectives:
program in all jails nationwide, the 1. To enhance personal and spiritual
Intellectual andSpiritual Component well-being of residents
hopes to enhance the spiritual and 2. To appreciate the value of the Word
intellectual dimensions of the residents of God in relation to our life and as
by providing opportunities for them to nourishment to the soul
develop self-worth and productivity. 3. To give opportunity for the residents
to experience special encounter and
Spirituality in TC healing from God
Spirituality is any action or 4. To remind the residents for the need
activity that reflects or brings out the for constant connection with God in their
goodness in a man. Spirituality in TCMP lives
is designed to respond to the inner
longing of residents to find greater faith Indicators:
where they can anchor themselves 1. Active participation of residents in
within their struggle to find meaning to spiritual activities
their existence. 2. Positive perception on TC
It summarizes a man’s implementation
relationship with himself, others and the 3. Deeper awareness of God’s presence
Supreme Being. The spiritualcomponent in the residents’ life
provides the residents with activities that 4. TC Philosophy /TC Unwritten
would help them explore the meaning Philosophies (slogans, sayings, adages)
and purpose of their existence and their visibly posted in the facility
particular place in the world. 5. Regular conduct of various spiritual
Intellectual Component activities
The intellectual component on
the other hand responds to the natural INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT
human characteristics of yearning for *Seminars
knowledge in order to attain a higher *Educational Activities (ALS)
level of understanding. *Debates
A well-structured and well- *Data Sessions/lectures
implemented Intellectual Component is *Saturday Night Activities
a factor in establishing a Therapeutic *Games (Grab Bag, Islands, Charade,
Community for the residents. It helps Pinoy Henyo)
the residents restore their self-esteem *Mind games
as their minds become open to ideas
and their intellect does not cease to Objectives:
feed on a free and open interchange of 1. To actualize the intellectual skills of
opinions. Providing worthwhile the residents
opportunities for learning/ education will 2. To teach the residents how to think
facilitate regaining their human quality and delay impulses
and self-respect thereby making self- 3. To guide the residents on the right
realization - that being law-abiding and way of thinking and how it affects his
productive, both during their stay in the feelings and behavior
facility and their eventual release in the Indicators:
society’s mainstream is the real 1. Residents exhibit increased
essence and measure of development. awareness and positive behaviour
2. Elimination of racial, cultural and
SPIRITUAL COMPONENT gender biases as seen in dealings
*TC Philosophy 3. Changed perception among residents
*TC Unwritten Philosophies on enhancement of knowledge/
*Theme/Concept of the Day education
*Meditation
4. Pride in quality, a culture among myself up for others to see through me,
residents I will be free from my own demons and
5. Increased number of residents let others guide and help me though my
enrolled in ALS and A & E passers ordeals. Nobody can help me unless I
Procedure: let them know my woes and let them
1. Select a topic related to expertise of understand that like them, I also need
the speaker/lecturer beneficial to the help.
residents. 3. Reflection
2. Schedule the activity. “Where else but in our common
3. Preparation Phase grounds can I find such a
4. Seminar Proper mirror?”
There is no better place to
THE TC PHILOSOPHY disclose my feelings than in a place full
The TC Philosophy is recited of people with similar experiences
daily during the Morning Meeting. It where I feel safe and free from
embodies all the challenges and prejudices. People are here for different
aspirations of most residents whofeel reasons but with a common problem. It
alienated and the desire to overcome is easy to identify with somebody who is
the imposed limitations on their freedom going through the same experience as
and find their own place where they me.
could feel safe and welcome. It 4. Self-realization
acknowledges the importance of “Here together, I can appear clearly
fellowship in shaping one’s behavior to myself, not as the giant
and motivating one’s fortitude of helping of my dreams not the dwarf of my
himself and others. It likewise serves as fears, but as a person, part of
his anchor in times of emotional turmoil the whole with my share in its
which he can always go back to and purpose”
reflect. It forms emotional binding When I start to understand
among the participants knowing that myself better, I began to realize how all
they are grounded on the same my negative behaviors came to be. It is
philosophy. easier to deal with something when we
understand its roots. I will learn not to
1. Surrender look at myself as too big or too small to
“I am here because there is no handle all my worries. I will learn that I
refuge, finally from myself” will deal with them as a person among
I am where I am right now others who are united together to help
because I admit that something went each other by relating our similar
wrong with my life that I have no control attitudes and behaviors.
over. I admit that I need the help of a 5. Growth“In this ground, I can take
Higher Power and of others to bring root and grow”
positive change in my life. I realize that this environment
2. Self-disclosure can help me overcome my mistakes
“Until I confront myself in the eyes and start a new life. I can anchor myself
and hearts of others, I am in this community to foster permanent
running. Until I suffer them to share change.
my secrets, I have no safety 6. Self-worth
from them. Afraid to be known, I can “Not alone anymore as in death, but
neither know myself or any alive to myself and to
other; I will be alone.” others”
I now know that unless I come I begin to believe in my ability to
out in the open and admit my mistakes, overcome all my challenges and give
I will forever be running from them. I out all my best for myself and others. I
need to disclose my deepest secrets to also believe in my ability to be of help to
my peers so that I can find the right others who are in similar situation.
ways of dealing with them. By opening
TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES 7. “You can’t keep it unless you give
The unwritten philosophy of TC it away”
consists of slogans or aphorisms that Knowledge or learning is better
are verbally given to the residents to appreciated if shared with others.
impart the beliefs and values of TC in Something becomes valuable if used to
relation to their day to day living. These help others make positive changes in
sayings are used to remind theresidents their lives. Helping others help us in
as to what are considered important to the process as we start to feel good
them. about ourselves.
1. “Honesty” 7. “What goes around comes
A lot of residents continue to live around”
in a lie without the fear of its “Whatever you do unto others
consequences. This virtue points out the will be done unto you”. Any good deed
importance of truth and its relevance to will be rewarded while evil deeds will be
recovery. punished in the end. We should always
2. “Responsible love and concern” be mindful of our actions as they are the
The residents will learn how to parameters of how we will be judged in
give and accept criticisms without the end.
resentment. Bonded by trust and 9. “Act as if”
confidence, the residents know that Learning and accepting the TC
mistakes need to be corrected if the aim program is not easy. Most residents feel
is to bring the other towards behavioral resistant towards it. This philosophy
change. teaches the residents to go with the flow
3. “To be aware is to be alive” as a way of compliance. In the process,
Residents learn to be conscious they will learn to embrace it and the
of what is going on in the environment. behavior will soon become natural.
In TC, minor attitudes are engrossed to 10. “Understand rather than be
prevent major attitudinal problems to understood”
arise. It is sometimes common for us
4. “Trust in your environment” to be selfish. We find it hard to admit our
There will be no change if there mistakes hence we tend to blame
is no honesty and disclosure. Before everybody but ourselves. We expect
doing so, trust must be established. One everyone around us to understand our
should believe that the program can wrongdoings but we seldom make an
help him. In doing so, he will learn to effort to understand others.
accept the program and use its tools to Understanding others is a virtue
evoke changes in himself. because it speaks of humility and
5. “Be careful what you ask for, you patience. If we take the first step to
might just get it” know where others are coming from,
Man by nature is ambitious. We there would be lesser conflicts in
never get contented with what we have. relationships.
We want more, even if having so would 11. “Personal growth before vested
lead us to commit mistakes. We should status”
learn to appreciate what we have and Sometimes, we become so
use it to better ourselves. wrapped up in our own status or
6. “No free lunch” positions in life that we tend to forget to
In reality, nothing really comes develop relationships with the people
easy. If we aim for something, we have around us. We should cultivate our
to work for it. There is no pride in getting personal abilities before we scale the
something the easy way. It is hard to let ladder to success.
go of something that we labored for. 12. “Compensation is valid”
Change will not come if we will just wait A reward for working hard is well
for it to happen. We have to make it deserved. We get what we put into.
happen. 13. “Forgiveness”
 To accept what has been done, hope. In every problem is a solution.
move on and get over the hurt and Every problem is a learning experience
anger gives us a feeling of inner peace that would make us tougher in dealing
and happiness. Failure to get over the with life’s challenges.
pains will pin us down and stunt our 20.“You are your brother’s keeper”
progress. In TC, each one is responsible
14. “Humility” for the other members of the
To humble one’ self before community. The failure of one is the
others is a laudable virtue. We are failure of all. This gives all the residents
often enveloped by pride that it is a sense of responsibility in shepherding
difficult for us to lower ourselves and others.
admit our inadequacies and limitations. The success of the program is a
By doing so, we develop a fair insight reflection of how one cares for
about ourselves thus giving us the the other.
challenge to improve ourselves.
15. “You alone can do it, but you THEME/ CONCEPT OF THE DAY
can’t do it alone” It refers to a word or saying that
Oftentimes, we feel invincible will serve as a guide for the community
and indispensable knowing that certain to ponder upon in relation to their day to
tasks can only be accomplished by us. day interactions and behaviors. It is
We don’t realize that we have certain elaborated during the Morning Meeting
limitations that without the help of by some members of the community to
others, emphasize its relevance and how it can
the burden will be too great for us. We stimulate the residents’ thoughts and
should learn to reach out for help and help them change their behavior into
admit our weaknesses. something positive. It can also be
16. “Pride in quality” taken from the Unwritten Philosophies.
Time flies so fast that we tend to
hurry in everything we do. We lose our MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR
focus and do things haphazardly just for INNER SANCTUARY
the sake of completion. We should The visualization meditation is
always seek for quality in our work. The used to help an individual establish a
product of our labor speaks of our practice of moving his attention within,
attitude towards life in general. finding his place of relaxation and peace
17.“Feelings don’t think” by contacting his inner wisdom. This
We usually react impulsively to experience is unique for everyone so
things around us because of our much so that one’s experience may be
feelings. Before we can even think, an different from the others. Some may
action has already been done experience visual imagery while the
Everything starts in the mind. If we think others may not. What is important is to
before we act, chances are, we will do it the most easy and natural way in
behave with contempt as we have order to attain the goal and have the
analyzed the process before the action. opportunity to relax and enjoy the
18.“Guilt kills” process. After the activity, ask the
One of the underlying reasons participants how they feel and what
for depression is guilt. It is a feeling of have they learned from the experience.
shame and self-blame. If a guilt feeling
remains unresolved, it can be turned SEMINARS
inwards, thus resulting to selfinflicted Seminars are activities in TC
harm. that provide intellectual stimulation and
19.“Hang tough” seek personal involvement among the
Sometimes, we feel that there is residents. It is a way of providing
no end to our miseries and we feel information, improving the resident’s
helpless and hopeless. No matter how speaking and writing abilities and
dim life seems to be, there is always enhancing their listening ability so as to
understand all the information being The “Grab Bag” is a form of
presented. seminar which enhances the residents’
Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a ability to communicate, analyze ideas
week and develop insights about themselves
Participants: Residents, Facilitator with the use of identification with
Types of Seminars: inanimate objects.
1. Discussion- open format and allow for Procedure:
group participation 1. Divide the group into small groups of
2. Data Sessions –given specific 10 members with one facilitator per
information and games group.
3. Games- mind-expanding activities to 2. Each facilitator will have a plastic
elicit thought, creativity, and imagination bag/ container with different items inside
4. Seminar series on varied topics 3. Without peeping, each resident will
THE DEBATE grab one item inside the bag. He/she
The debate is introduced to will be given 3-5 minutes to tell
provide the residents the opportunity to something about the item, describing it
learn how to reason ably and put as if he/she were the object, what it is
together arguments in a logical manner. made of and its use.
This is also an exercise on how to listen 4. Each resident takes turn until
and formulate ideas and demonstrate a everyone member of the group has
broader understanding of certain issues. picked an item and spoke.
It gives the participants certain insights 5. The facilitator will process the activity
on other’s opinions which may be and ask the group how they feel about
opposite to their own. the activity and what insights they have
Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a gained.
month SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES
Participants: 20-30 residents, facilitator This activity is held every
Procedure: Saturday as a recreational event
1. Divide the group into two, according purposely to instill fun, humor and
to gender or depending upon the topic entertainment after an intense and
for debate. hectic week. This gives the residents
2. Assign a group for “pro” and the other the chance to let loose and socialize.
as “con” Each static group is assigned a specific
3. Choose the first speaker for each task or presentation to develop talents
group. Each group is given 5 minutes to among the residents.
gather their thoughts on the issue. Each
speaker is given 2 minutes. CHAPTER V
4. The “pro” group is first to give their VOCATIONAL/SURVIVAL SKILLS
opinion on the issue for 2 minutes. A INTRODUCTION
rebuttal for 2 minutes is allotted for the The development of vocational
“con” group. and survival skills starts at the beginning
5. The exchange of opinions is allowed of performance in job functions in the
for a few minutes more. Once the TC Community which has substantial
majority has spoken, the facilitator will value to the individual. Its aim is not only
switch the stand so much so the “pro” to detain or confine residents but also to
will now become the “con” and vice challenge them to learn vocational skills
versa. for their reentry to the community.
6. After the activity, the facilitator will Vocational rehabilitation helps
process how the group felt when they the individual to become less
have to defend an issue which is dependent, adapt himself and become
contrary to their beliefs and if they could more independent by making
see the reasonableness of the other’s positivechanges.
arguments? What have they learned *TC Hierarchical Structure
from the activity? *Job Changes
GAMES: THE “GRAB BAG” *Job Functions
*Staff Functions hierarchy.
6. Pride in quality
SKILLS AND ATTITUDE Participants: Personnel and residents
DEVELOPMENT Procedure:
Thinking + Feeling = Behavior 1. The senior member of the staff,
Thinking + Feeling + Behavior = usually the Director identifies the
Attitude counselors coming from the staff/
An attitude is a set of feelings, personnel.
thoughts and disposition. Attitudes 2. As soon as the counselors were
determine how one will act. Attitude identified, the residents of thecommunity
stems from the way one thinks,feels and will submit application for certain
behave. The ideas formed from one’s desired positions as indicated at the
thinking will be translated into feelings. hierarchical structure.
Thinking coupled with feelings will 3. The applicants will be interviewed by
determine the reaction of an individual the staff (Director, IWDO, Chief Escort
to certain situations. The person’s and Custodial).
attitude will shape his ability to learn and 4. After the interview, selection of
absorb all the teachings inside the applicant for key positions (Coordinator
program. & Department Head) is done through
It will design his willingness to the use of Socio metric pointing.
take on responsibilities and develop 5. Crew members will be assigned as
oneself. An individual’s attitude is per assessment of the IWDO, Chief
relevant to his development in the Escort and Custodial.
area of vocation and occupation. It 6. New residents will be assigned
speaks of his adaptability and flexibility automatically at the housekeeping
to the different tasks and functions. It department for one month for orientation
will predetermine how he will later on purposes.
perform in the hierarchical ladder. The
development of skills is inseparable with FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
the other components of TC as each POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
component plays a vital part in the (FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST)
shaping of one’s attitude. Coordinator
1. A positive role model.
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF 2. Deals with the attitudes of the
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY residents and acts as a member of the
Objectives: panel during the haircut and addresses
1. To create an organized structure and the resident in general meeting.
an efficient system of program 3. The leader of a team assigned to
implementation. oversee a specific department, e.g.
2. To foster the feeling of empowerment kitchen department
and self-sufficiency among residents. 4. Responsible for reporting of job
3. To improve the line of communication changes and recommends cutting off of
between personnel and residents. learning experience
4. To promote a self-sufficient TC 5. Assigned as Coordinator on Duty of
utilizing the residents who possess a the day and delegates tasks to be
variety of skills. covered for the day, i.e., investigating
Indicators: and booking.
1. Orderly and peaceful community 6. Encourages residents to use behavior
2. Self-reliance shaping tools, i.e., encounter slips,
3. Value of work evident through booking, etc.
punctuality and patience. 7. Responsible for overseeing that each
4. Jobs completed on time with proper team works efficiently.
supervision. 8. Supervises the over-all functions of
5. Harmonious interpersonal the department in the TC Facility.
relationship and respect for
9. Reports to staff any incident that is 4. Facilitates department head meetings
not in the boundaries of a resident to in the absence of the chief expediter,
deal with. job changes and requests. (e.g. request
10. Carries out any given task that staff for phone calls)
members assigned him/her. Department Head
11. In-charge to disseminate 1. Conducts departmental meetings
instructions given by the Director before job function.
and staff through coordination with co- 2. Delegates specific tasks to team
coordinators. members and monitors individual
12. Serves as liaison between resident conduct.
and staff. 3. Monitors participation of members to
activities of the program (Morning
Coordinator On Duty Meeting, Seminars and Group
(not part of the whole hierarchical Sessions)
structure, each coordinator take turns to 4. Checks attendance and whereabouts
become Coordinator of the Day) of team members.
1. He/she is designated as Coordinator 5. Attends department heads pre
of the Day to conduct inspection in cells, evaluation meeting regarding job
kitchen and other areas where change.
residentsare allowed together with the 6. Recommends grants or denies team
staff on duty and the chief expediter. members’ in-house requests in the
2. Delegates tasks to other department head meeting.
coordinators. 7. Conducts post evaluation to residents
3. Under direct communication with the regarding the result of their requests.
Chief Expediter. 8. Screens team members’ requests.
4. Must always be aware and records all Department Crew
the events, incidences of the day to the 1. Responsible for carrying-out tasks,
logbook. duties and responsibilities of their
5. Must have direct link with Staff on concerned departments.
Duty.
6. Responsible to disseminate TCMP DEPARTMENTS AND
information coming from the Staff FUNCTIONS
or Director. Business Office Department (BOD)
7. Evaluates or validate different 1. Welcomes new members of the
incidences and seeks staff’s family and makes sure that policies,
acknowledgement. rules and their limitations are clear.
Chief Expediter 2. Responsible in facilitating younger
1. Responsible for managing the daily members’ group by sharing
function and activities of the community. experiences.
2. Delegates other responsibilities to the 3. Role model that shows how to
Asst. Chief Expediter and monitors overcome trying circumstances (coping,
every activity. adjustment, etc.)
3. Oversees the schedule of the day. 4. Orients new residents how to drop
4. Communicates with department slips, ventilate feelings in the encounter
heads in execution of job functions. group, use the behavior shaping tools
5. Communicates with Coordinator of and internalize the TC Philosophy and
the Day on an hourly basis. Unwritten Philosophies.
Assistant Chief Expediter 5. Provides support to residents when
1. Responsible for execution of needed.6. Prepares sequence of
directives from the chief expediter. program for special events and
2. Supervises the activity inside the disseminates all written
dormitories. communications.
3. Monitors overall function of the 7. Maintains and updates bulletin board
different departments and reports to the postages and announcements.
chief all the incidences.
8. Updates profile of residents (Name, 2. Responsible in planting, watering and
Address, Age, Status, Birth date, Ethnic trimming of plants,
Origin etc.) and provides list of residents trees and flower beds
in the Tag board to be posted in every 3. Maintains inventory of materials and
dormitory. equipment.
9. Prepares sound system in every 4. Informs staff of any equipment that
activity. needs repair or replacement.
Expediting Team 5. Responsible in making minor repairs
1. Oversees the day-to-day affairs of the of jail facilities and equipment.
different departments. 6. Responsible in monitoring proper
2. Reports any incident in the TC facility usage of water and electricity.
and the overall attitude of the Housekeeping Department
community. 1. Maintains the cleanliness of the cell
3. In-charge of the attendance of the area, mess hall, visitation area and
residents in groups, seminars, static, visitor’s comfort room.
specialized groups. 2. Maintains inventory of housekeeping
4. Confronts attitudes around the house materials such as brooms, dustpans,
and make necessary steps to address rugs, floor wax, etc.
them through booking. 3. Provides proper storage of
5. Coordinates with staff regarding housekeeping materials.
announcements, activities, medications Laundry Department
and court hearings for proper 1. Assigns and schedules laundry time
information dissemination. for every dorm.
6. Coordinates with Coordinator on Duty 2. Designates and maintains hanging
and Medical Staff in attending to sick area for washed clothing.
residents. 3. Collects the dried washed clothing
7. Prepare designated room and distributes to the respective dorms.
assignments upon admission of new STAFF FUNCTIONS
residents.( Assign big brother/ sister) Director
8. Oversees activities of residents in the The Warden serves as the
Learning Experience structure. Director of the facility. He oversees all
Kitchen Department the activities in the program. He
1. Prepares and cook food for daily designates staff to serve as Counselors.
consumption. He makes final decisions as to what
2. Maintains quality of food and dietary sanctions or learning experiences will
requirements of every menu. be meted out to erring residents.
3. Preserves sanitary working Assistant Director
environment and maintains kitchen This position is usually occupied
equipment properly. by the Assistant Warden. He takes over
4. Manages quantity of food servings to the responsibilities in the absence of the
minimize wastage. Director. He reports directly to the
5. Prepares menu for special Director and assists him in the conduct
requirements and occasions. of the latter’s responsibilities.
6. Serves meals on time. Counselor
7. Ensures proper storage of food items A staff is assigned as a
to avoid spoilage and contamination. Counselor for each department. The jail
8. Conducts regular health screening of set up is unique as the Counselors take
kitchen workers. on other responsibilities in addition. Due
9. Maintains proper washing of dishes to the inadequate number of jail
and kitchen utensils and proper disposal personnel, custodial officers are
of waste materials. oftentimes assigned as Counselors. The
Maintenance and Landscaping Counselors are responsible for the
Department conduct of the different activities of TC
1. Maintains cleanliness of grounds on a daily basis. Each Counselor will
monitor the activities of their respective
departments. They will conduct CARDINAL RULES - the principal
individual counseling and facilitate guiding rule observed by all residents in
groups. They are present in the conduct a TC Community with heavier
of the different behavior shaping tools. corresponding consequences
Instead of being the dominant figure, the COERCION- the use of internal and
Counselor’s role is to bolster or enhance external sources to heighten dissonance
the community as the primary change on the client and magnify his choices
agent and build the community to and the specific consequences of his
function around the established choices.
hierarchy. COMMUNICATION – a department
LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING which oversees the daily census,
Objectives: entry, news and other information to be
1. To motivate the participation of the disseminated.
residents in the livelihood and skills COMMUNITY - the residents of the TC
training in preparation for reintegration Family.
to the mainstream of society. COORDINATOR - the highest position
2. To cultivate and enhance one’s attained by a resident in a TC Hierarchy,
capacity to become productive and who works with the staff in running the
improve self-worth. house, implementing rules. With
Indicators: corresponding status, a resident has an
1. Self- reliant, resourceful and creative authority over the other residents.
individuals COORDINATOR OF THE DAY –
2. Generate income assigned coordinator (resident) to
Designed Tools: oversee and address the incidents,
Project Proposals, Training Design, attitudes of the house through the use of
Feasibility behavior shaping tools – talk to, dealt
Studies with, haircut.
Participants: Residents/ Staff COUNSELOR- staff member position
Procedure: who assists the residents’ needs
The IWDO will conduct skills DAILY STRUCTURE- list of day to day
inventory of the residents to determine activities
the appropriate skills training needed. DEPARTMENT HEAD- a ranking
With the help of skilled staff or out resident next to the coordinator in the
sourced trainers, residents are trained TC Hierarchy assigned to oversee,
on their specific field of interest which monitor tasks to be done in a particular
could be their source of livelihood once department.
they are released from jail. DISSONANCE - the time period of
DEFINITION OF TERMS admitting, denying before coming up
ANGER MANAGEMENT – a with a decision.
specialized group activity discussing DIRECTOR - the highest staff facility
issues to control anger. officer (Warden) who has direct
ANNOUNCEMENT - information given command to both residents and staff.
to all residents. DORMITORY – a cell where the
ATTITUDES – the general condition of residents stays while on confinement.
the TC family as a whole, including ENCOUNTER- a group process utilized
incidences, positive and negative. to vent out concerns, anger and hurt
BANS - a behavior shaping tool to feelings
prohibit a resident to a specific area, ENCOUNTER BOX- box used to
activity, verbal, another client. receive slips being dropped.
BIG BROTHER - an older member of ENTERTAINMENT and
the community tasked to provide RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY - an
guidance to the newly committed activity in the TC community aimed to
residents. aid residents in treatment.
BOOKED – logged an incident to the EVALUATION – an assessment done
Coordinator of the Day. anytime during the treatment
EXPEDITING TEAM – a department STATIC GROUP – a group composed
that serves as police of the community of residents known as permanent
to ensure order among residents support group.
EXPULSION - the ejection of one from TALK TO – friendly reminder for
the community because of his/her resident violators.
serious offense. TC FAMILY – refers to all residents of
FRIEND - a resident who has the the TC community.
closest regard to the other resident. UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY – refers to
GENERAL MEETING - a behavior a guiding value which residents reflect
shaping tool addressing serious and hold on.
infraction of a resident. VIOLATOR – a resident who commits
GENERAL WORKER – the lowest an act in violation of the TC/Jail Rules.
position in the TC hierarchy
GROUNDS- pertains to lawns,
pathways and landscape
HAIRCUT - a behavior shaping tool
consisting of a five-man panel that
addresses a resident’s infraction.
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE – the
chain of command of residents in
TCMP.
HOUSE – pertains to the jail facility.
HOUSE RULES – are day to day
standards that need to be followed
inside the jail facility to ensure the
smooth and orderly flow of
operation.
HOUSEKEEPING TEAM – a
department that maintains cleanliness of
the facility.
INFRACTIONS - a violation to the
House Rules of the TC Family.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE – a form of
sanction that aid residents realize the
value of correcting infractions.
MORNING MEETING - a daily ritual
addressing attitudes of previous days,
performed to start the day right.
PEERS – friends of the same entry
period.
PRE-MORNING MEETING- the activity
preceding the Morning Meeting that
discusses attitudes of the house and
eliciting theme of the week and word of
the day.
PULL – UP – verbal reprimand done
during the Morning Meeting.
RESIDENTS – terms used for inmates
who are part of the TCMP community.
SENIOR RESIDENT – a member of the
TC community having the position such
as Static Group leader and its Assistant
and In Charge of various special
services groups.
STAFF – refer to jail personnel.