dfgjjfbL hok[YjLjxfb'/ l;+x

hGdM
g]kfnsf] afO{;L /fHo leq kg]{ aemfª /fHosf %% cf}+ k':tfsf /fhf las|djxfb'/ l;+x tyf
/fgL ?b|s'df/L l;+x -tTsflng g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL hËjxfb'/ /f0ffsL h]7L 5f]/L_ sf h]i7 ;'k'q
hok[YjLjxfb'/ l;+xsf] hGd !(#$ ;fn efb| & ut] -@# cu:6 !*&&_ gIf]q @@ /fzf} !) ltyf}
!# af/] # /flq nUg] @ 38L ( knf #) r}gk'/ k'/fgf] b/jf/df ePsf] lyof] .
d[To'M
lj=;== !((& ;fn c;f]h ! ut] -!% cS6f]j/ !($)_ hoejg a}Ënf]/ ef/tdf lq;7\7L
jif{sf] pd]/df cfkm\gf gZj/ z/L/ Tofu]sf lyP . ljZj dfgjdfqsf] ;'v, v';L, ;d[l¢ /
zflGtsf nflu dfgjjfbsf k|ltkfbs hok[YjLn] b]x Tofu u/]s} ;fn g]kfnsf] k|hfkl/ifb\ sf08df
$ hgf ;lxb ePsf lyP .
lzIffM
/f0ffsflng cj:yfdf g]kfn /fHoe/ cf}krfl/s lzIff k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf gePsfn]
hGd3/ r}gk'/ l:yt k'/fgf] b/jf/ laqmd–af; b/jf/df ufolq–u'? gf/fo0f hf]zL, lzIff–u'?
d'lSt/fd hf]zLaf6 !(#( ;fnsf] a;Gt k~rdLsf lbg % jif{sf] pd]/df cIf/f/De u/fO
r}gk'/df kl08taf6 % jif{sf] pd]/df cIf/f/De u/fO k9fOsf] Joj:yf eof] / lj=;+= !($@
;fndf /f0ffkl/jf/sf afnaflnsfn] dfq k9\g kfpg] sf7df8f}“sf] yfkfynL b/jf/ kf7zfnfdf
k|fylds lzIff / b/jf/ xfO:s'ndf dfWolds lzIff cWoog u/L lj=;+= !(%! df snsQf
ljZjljBfnoaf6 Dofl6«s, lj=;+= !(%@ df Onfxfjfb sn]hdf ;dfh–lj1fg ljifodf cfO=P= /
lj=;+= !(^@ df snsQf ljZjljBfnoaf6 sfg'gdf :gfts u/]sf lyP . logL /f0ffx?sf] jj{/
zf;gsfnsf] k"jf{¢{df hlGdPsf eP klg aemfªL /fhfsf] x}l;ot / jfn cj:yf b]lv g} tLa|
a'l¢, cfTd–ljj]sL nIf0fn] :jcWoogdf ljz]if ?lr ePsf] sf/0f pRrlzIff k|fKt ug{ ;kmn
ePsf lyP .
kfl/jfl/s hLjgM
aemfªL /fhf laqmdjxfb'/ l;+xsf] tTsflng /f0ff k|wfgdGqL jL/;D;]/ hËjxfb'/
/f0ff;+usf] kfl/jfl/s dte]bsf sf/0f lj=;+= !($^ df !@ jifL{o s'df/ hok[YjLjxfb'/ l;+xn]
/fhf kbjL kfPsf lyP . lj=;+= !(%! ;fndf >L # rGb;d;]/ hËjxfb'/ /f0ffsL 5f]/L vu]Zj/L
/f0ff;+u ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . ljjfxkZrft !(%# ;fndf Ps 5f]/L hlGdPsL lyOg, t/ ^
dlxgfdf ltgsf] d[To' kl5 logsf cfkm\g} ;Gtfg 5}gg\ .
 logL k|wfgdGqL hËjxfb'/ /f0ffsf 5f]/Lkl§sf gflt / k|wfgdGqL rGb;d;]/sf 5f]/LHjf“O
ePsfn] /f0ffzf;sx?sf] hLjgz}nL Pj+ ;Qfsf] n8fO“nfO{ glhsaf6 x]/]sf lyP / aemfªh:tf]
ljs6sf gful/ssf] z}lIfs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts cj:yf klg /fd|/L a'em]sf lyP .
hok[YjLsf /fli6«o of]ubfg
g]kfndf Gofo, lgikIftf, /fi6«otf / hg;fwf/0fsf] enfO g} hok[YjLjxfb'/ l;+xsf] d"n
dGq lyof] h;af6 To; a]nfsf e|i6zf;s pgnfO{ ljrlnt kfg{ c;dy{ /x] . cfkm\gf] clwgdf
kfg{ >L # rGb|;d;]/n] pgnfO{ ljleGg pRr:t/Lo cf]xf]bfdf /fv] klg hok[YjLsf Xbodf /fli6«o
:jtGqtf, k|hftGq / /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] r]tgf x'ls{;s]sf], ljZj zflGt / dfgjtfjfbsf] wf/0ff
jgfO ;s]sfn] >L # rGb|;d;]/sf] PstGqLo, hg lj/f]wL, cË|]|h k/:t zf;gsf] rqmdf lkl;P/
kl/jt{g c;Dej b]v]/ ef/tdf a;L g]kfnsf] PstGqLo zf;g Joj:yf x]/km]/ ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg'sf;fy} ljZj e|d0f u/L g]kfnnfO{ ;Ddfgsf;fy ljZjdf kl/lrt u/fPsf lyP .
g]kfndf /xbf a:bf u/]sf sfdx?M
!= lj=;= !($* df !$ jif{sf] pd]/df la|u]8 gfds cª\u]|hL ;}lgs k':ts -English Military
Book_ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb u/L g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ g]kfnL efiffdf sdflG8ª Pj+ k/]8 v]Ng ;'ljwf
k'¥ofPsf lyP .
@= lj=;+= !(%% df aemfªaf6 lk5l8Psf ljleGg dflg; sf7df8f}“ NofO tflnd lbnfP/ aemfªdf
5fnf k|;f]wg, tfdf, kmnfd tyf 9nf]6, g]kfnL xft] sfuh, 3/]n' sk8f / l;nfO pBf]u
:yfkgf u/]sf lyP .
#= lj=;+= !(%^ df gful/s xs clwsf/sf nflu aemfªdf 5'§} Gofono v8f u/L sfg'g lgdf{0f
u/]/ cGoffosf lj?¢ Gofofno hfg b}nf]–b}nf]df ;"rgf 6f“:g nufpg'sf ;fy} cIf/ k9\g
;Sg]x?sf] 3'DtL 6f]nL k7fO{ ;"rgf k9\g nufPsf lyP . h'g ;"rgf o; k|sf/ 5–
:jl:t>L aemfª txljns:o] k8]; gf}aL;b/f ufpufpsf d'ifLof enfcfbdL /o]tu}/s]
k'hL{ pk|fGt ca pk|fGt cdfnn] cGofo] u¥of cbfnt ;sf/ ug'{= cbfntn] cGofo] u¥of
cbfntsf gfpsf] ckLn txjLndf lbg cfpg'= txjLnaf6 u¥ofsf gL;fkmn] klg rLQ
ga'em\g]x?sf]dfq g]kfn hfx]/ u/L k7fof kl5 xfdL ;d]t\ hfg'knf{sL, sf/LGbfsf gfpdf
s/fofk5L xfd|f] kQf nfUb}gsL eGGof 8/ b'gLofn] slQnLg' kb}{g= lg;fkm kfpGof 5f} eGGof
a]xf]/fsf] ;a}n] b]ifGof yfxfkfpGof 7fpdf OStLxf/ 6f;L bLg'eGGof o]; txjLnsf xfsLd
vbf{/ ho]gf/fo0f hf]zLsf gfpdf !(%^ ;fn dfu{ jbL !) /f]hdf >L/fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/
l;+xaf6 ;gb ul/ k7fO{jS:ofsf] x'gfn] ;f] adf]lhd O{StLxf/sf] k'hL{ 6f;LbLofsf] 5= cfh
pk|fGt cdfnn] cGofo] u¥of cbfntn] gL;fkm bLg]5g\= cbfntn] cGofo] u¥of o; txjLndf
s/fpg cfpg' / txjLnaf6 gL;fkm kfpGof5f}= txjLnn] klg c}g 5f]8L cGofo] u¥of]eGof
cGofo] u¥ofsf] kSsf k|df0f h'6fO{ g]kfn >L/fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xsf xh'/df hfx]/ u/L
k7fpg' / ;frf]em'6f] s'/f a'emL >L/fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xaf6 gL;fkm bLjS;LGof5= xfsLd
 sf/LGbfsf gfpdf s/fofdf xfd|f] kQf nfub}g eGGof 8/ tLdL b'gLof /o]tLx?n] slQ dfGg'
kb}{g eGGof O{StLxf/sf k'hL{ 6f;L bLofsf] 5= ;f] adf]hLd ug]{ sfd u/= Olt;Djt\ !(%^
;fn df3jbL !) /f]h ^ z'ed\ ===.
$= k|wfgdGqL b]jzdz]/n] g]kfndf /fi6«efiffsf ;fy} lzIffsf] dfWod s] agfpg] eGg] ;Gbe{df
hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x, xl/x/ cfrfo{, a6's[i0f d}qo / o'jfslj df]tL/fd e6\6;“u k/fdz{ ln“bf
hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x / df]tL/fd e6\6n] g]kfnL dfWoddf lzIff lbg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .
;f]xL ;'emfjsf cfwf/df b]j;D;]/n] k7gkf7gsf] dfWod efiff g]kfnLnfO{ ;b/ u/]sf lyP .
g]kfnL gful/sx¿nfO{ g]kfnL efiff lzIff k7gkf7g u/fpg lj=;+= !(%* df …cIf/fË
lzIff’ gfds kf7\ok':ts n]vL cWoog–cWofkgsf lglDt kf7zfnfdf lgMz'Ns ljt/0f u/]sf
lyP . logn] n]v]sf]] …cIf/fË lzIff’ g} g]kfnL efiff lzIffsf] klxnf] kf7\ok':ts xf] . o;
’cIf/fË lzIff’df g]kfnL afnaflnsfn] cfwf/e"t 1fg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] / k|fKt 1fgnfO{
Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ ;lsg] ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ . o; k':tsdf c,cf,s,v,s sf ls
sL, hf]8]sf cIf/, PsfjnL / kxf8f, auf{ª\s / ;jfo, kf}g], 8]9, c9}of, v]tsf ljifodf
g]kfnsf] rng, ;do / dw];sf] rng, hldg / gfksf ljifodf, hf]8 / /Llt, of]u, u'0fg,
efu, qm[t', dlxgfsf] gfd, gIfqaf6 /flz atfpg] / cy /flzsf] 3ft ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z 5g\ .
of] k':ts $$ k[i6sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} lj=;+= !(%* df g} logn] afnaf]w, 1fgdfnf /
>]:tfbk{0f gfds kf7\ok':ts klg n]vL k|sfzg u/]sf lyP .
%= lj=;+= !(%& ;fndf uf]/vfkq k|sfzgsf nflu snsQfaf6 cfjZos ;fdu|L ;Íng u/L
lj=;+= !(%* ;fn s[i0f t[ltof a}iffv @$ ut] uf]/vfkqsf] k|sfzg ;'? u/]sf lyP . ;j{k|yd
cfkm} ;~rfns / k|wfg;Dkfbs eO{ uf]/vfkq k|sfzg ug]{ hok[YjLn] uf]/vfkqsf] lz/df
æ;j]{ ejGt' ;'lvgM ;j]{ ;Gt' lg/fdofM . ;j]{ eb|fl0f kZoGt' df slZrb\ b'MvefUhgM ..Æ cyf{t\
;a} ;'vL xf]pmg\, ;a} gL/f]uL xf]pmg\, ;a}n] /fd|}–/fd|f] dfq b]v"g\, s'g} klg dfG5] b'MvL
gxf]pmg\, eGg] of] ;+:s[tsf] Znf]s /fv]/ cfkm\gf] l;4fGt Pj+ ljrf/ g]kfnL ;dfhdf
k|s6Ls/0f u/]sf lyP . uf]/vfkq k|sfzgsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ cfkm"n] lnO{ lj=;+= !(%* b]lv
lj=;+= !(&# ;Dd lgoldt ¿kdf logn] cfkm\gf] dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/df cfwfl/t n]v, /rgf,
syf, sljtf / gf6s uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt u/]sf lyP, h'g cjlw uf]/vfkqsf] Oltxf;df
:j0f{sfn dflgG5 . uf]/vfkqsf hGdbftfM ;+rfns, k|wfg;Dkfbs, k|sfzssf] of]ubfgn] To;
tfssf uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt ePsf syf pkGof;, lgaGw, gf6s, hLjgL cflbsf] k|sfzg /
;dfnf]rgf tyf g}ltstf / /fli6«o hfu/0f Nofpg] vfnsf k|z:t ;fdu|L 5g\ . pbfx/0ffy{
lj=;+= !(&# df …t/lË0fLÚ gf6ssf] ;dfnf]rgf ub}{ n]vsx?nfO{ …o:tf]] u/L ;Hhg
dxfg'efjx?n] g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf k':tsx?sf] cefj e/fp“b} hfg' eof] eg] xfd|f] g]kfnL
efiffnfO{ klg ljZjljBfnodf :yfg ldNnf eGg] k"/f pDd]b 5Ú eGg] n]lvPsf] 5 .
^= =lj=;+= !(%* df b]j;d;]/sf] tLg dlxg] k|wfgdGqLTjsfndf lj=;+= !(%& kmfNu'0f ;'bL !%
b]lv lj=;+= !(%* ciff8 ;'bL !) ;Dd vf]lnPsf g]kfnL efiff kf7zfnfsf b/aGbL rGb|;dz]/
 k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 vf/]hL u/L hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xsf] /fli6«o lzIff of]hgfdf cª\s'; nufpg
vf]h] tfklg hok[YjLn] k|wfgdGqL rGb|;dz]/nfO{ /fHo ;~rfngsf nflu c8\8fcbfntdf
n]vfk9L ug]{ / lx;fa–lstfa /fVg] hgzlQm cfjZos x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] sfg'gL ts{ lbO{ k'gM
kf7zfnf ;~rfngdf NofP . tL kf7zfnfx¿ efiff kf7zfnfsf ¿kdf geO{ >]:tf
kf7zfnfsf gfddf v'nfOPsf lyP . logn] >]:tf kf7zfnfsf nflu …>]:tf bk{0f’ gfds
k':ts n]vL k|sfzg u/]sf lyP . elgG5 of] g} sfg'gsf] klxnf] k':ts xf] . o; …>]:tf bk{0f’
klxnf lstfjdf >L % ;sf{/sf] k|zl:t, >L # ;sf{/sf] k|zl:t, >L sDof08/ OgrLkmsf]
k|zl:t, >L % ;sf{/sf rf}tl/ofx¿sf] k|zl:t, /fhf/hf}6fsf] k|zl:t, lr7L n]VGof sfObf,
lr7Lsf vfddf n]VGg] sfObf, csf{sf ljGtLkqdf c8\8fn] tf]s n]VGof sfObf, c8\8fn]
c8\8fnfO{ n]VGof sfObf, /l;bsf] sfObf, k§f n]VGof sfObf, sa'lnot n]VGof sfObf,c8\8fsf]
k'lh{ n]VGof sfObf / ekf{O n]Vg] sfObf, l6Kk0fL n]VGof sfObf, d~h'/gfdf n]VGof sfObf,
skfnL td;'s n]vGof sfObf, ef]uaGwssf] td;'s n]vg] sfObf, b[li6aGws n]vGof sfObf,
lkm/fbkq n]vGof sfObf, k|ltpQ/sf] sfObf, clknkq n]vGof sfObf, emul8ofsf b}nfdf
6f:g] Dofb n]VGof sfObf, cVTo/gfdf n]VGof sfObf, sfx]ngfdf n]VGof sfObf, ldnfkq /
lhtfkq n]VGof sfObf / kmf/dkqsf] lz/sf] a]xf]/f cflb 5g\ .
&= lj=;+= !(%( df s'nfgGbsf abnfdf hok[YjL ef/tsf] snsQfdf g]kfnsf sfpG;n/ eP,
h;nfO{ To; avt jlsn elgGYof] . snsQfdf a:bf logn] af≈o hut\;u+ ;Dks{ ug{ /
af}l4s ljsf;sf nflu yk ;'ljwf kfP . cfkm\gf] ljrf/ km}nfpg ljb]zdf ;Dks{ a9fP /
pRr lzIff klg xfl;n u/] .
*= lj=;+= !(^@ df snsQfsf] sfpG;n/df sdfG8/ s0f]{n axfb'/ hÍ /f0ff axfnL ePkl5
hok[YjL sf7df8f}+ kms]{ . snsQfaf6 kms{bf logn] uf]/vfkqsf nflu xft] k|]; / sfg"gdf
:gftssf] k|df0fkq NofO sf7df8f}+ cfP . sf7df8f}+df cfO{ logn] gS;fnl:yt gfukf]v/Lb]lv
pQ/k"j{df /x]sf] cfkm\gf] *# /f]kgL 3/hUufdf uf]/vfkqsf ;fy} cfkm} k|wfgfWofks eP/
;TojfbL kf7zfnf ;~rfng u/] / yk kf7\ok':tsx¿ n]v] . tL kf7\ok':ts slnnf
afnaflnsfsf nflu dfq xf]Og, k9\g ;Sg] cfd g]kfnL gful/sdf af}l4s hfu/0f / af}l4s
qmflGtsf] tof/Lsf lglDt klg n]v]/ k|sfzg u/] .
(= lj=;+= !(^@ df logn] …lzIff bk{0f’ klxnf] efu k':ts n]vL k|sfzg u/]sf lyP . o;
k':tssf] k[i7 @ / # df pgn] n]v]sf 5g\ æ/f]usf] aLh d}nfaf6 / vfgfsf] abk/]lhaf6 k}bf
x'G5, o;sf/0fn] ;b} Gjfpgfn] ul/an] klg cfkm\gf] kmf6]–6fn]sf] sk8f a/fa/ wf]O{ ;kmf;+u
/xgfn], a:g] ;'Tg] 7fp ;'3/ /fVgfn], vfgfdf u/f}+ j:t', s'x];8]sf], af;L a:t' gvfO{, xNsf
tfst lbg] j:t' k/]h;fy l7Ss u/L a]nfdf vfgfn] dflg;df tGb'?:tL /xG5, tGb'?:tL
eofsf dflg; d]xgt ug{ a'l4 km}nfpg klg ;S5g\, t]:tfsf] hLp klg rËf /xG5, cfo' klg
a9\5, ;b} /f]uL eO a:g]sf] hLpg' tf a]y{ xf]Æ ‘k9\g] ljBfyL{n] /ftsf] ( ah] ;'Tg', Jofxfgf %
ah] p7\g' cyf{t\ lbgsf] * 306f jf @) 3l8 ;Tg'k5{, Aofxfgf pl7 cfkm'nfO{ k}bf ug]{sf] gfd
 ln ;GWof k9\g', Tofxf kl5 emf8flk;fa u/L xftd'v wf]O, GjfO ( jh] eft vfg' /
kf7zfnfdf !) ah] xflh/ e} $ ah];Dd k9\g', $ ah]kl5 @ 306f hLpsf] s;/t\ ugf{lgldQ
v'nf hUufdf dg nfu]sf] v]n v]nL kl;gf lgsfNg', ^ ah] 3/ uO cfkm\gf afa'cfdf bfHo'
efO lbbL a}lg;+u al; Psl5g k|]dsf aftf{ ul/ lbn axnfFpg', & ah] a]n'sfsf] vfgf vfO,
Psl5g cfkm\g' ef]lnkN6sf] kf7 x]l/ ( ah] ;'Tg', olt ul/ u'?sf] cba / k9gfsf] ;f}s
dgdf /flv k9\g] ljBfyL{n] ljBf ax't} ;lhnf] ;+u xfl;n u5{’ o;} k':tssf] k[i7 $ / % df
o;k|sf/ n]v]sf 5g\ –
æx]/ efO h'g t/xn] ;'v of] dnfO
rflxG5, ;f] ;snnfO egL lrtfO,
;+;f/df lhpg' s+5 a'em]/ c}n]
;a\sf pk/ ;'v x'Gof u/ sfd k}n],
dftf lktf / kl/jfx{¿sf pkdf{
af]lnG5, k|]d /;n] ul/ of] huTdf,
;f] af]ln ;a pk/ e/zs ug'{, h:df
x'G5g\ tL ;a\ hgx¿ v'z t]:avtdf,
l/if\ /fu 5f]l8, ;asf] lbn v'z\ u/fO,
k|]d ub{5g\ olb eGof s?0ff htfO,
x] efO :ju{ ;'vsf] cg'ej ;xHdf
zS5g\ tL ug{ u'l0f hg /lx o]; huTdf,
wf/f ;/L ;do laT5 ;bf ;a}sf]
b]lvG5 /f]Sg sg tfst Sof s;}sf] ..Æ
o; k':tssf] k[i7 ^ b]lv ^% ;Dd ljleGg syf / k[i7 ^^ b]lv *$ ;Dd uf]vf{nLsf]
cË|]h;+usf] n8fO{“;DaGwL Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 .
!)=lj=;+= !(^@ df …kbfy{tŒj ljj]s’ gfds k':ts n]vL k|sflzt u/]sf lyP . of] k':ts #)
k[i7sf] /x]sf] 5 . logn] k':tssf] e"ldsfdf n]v]sf 5g\ æxfd|f zf:qdf kbfy{sf] 1fg gx'“bf
h'g s'/f b]v] klg k/d]Zj/n] agfofsf] egL lrQ a'emfp“5g\ t/ k/d]Zj/ h'g a]nf h] s'/f
rflxof], cfkm\g} xftn] agfpg cfp“5g\ eGgfn] xfd|} zf:qdf k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;fIfL ¿k dfg]sf]
x'gfn] lj/f]w vfG5 cg'ejn] klg sf]xL kbfy{ ljgf sf/0fn] ag]sf] b]lvGg= of] hut\sf
kbfy{x¿sf] ljj]s r}tGo kfofsf dflg;n] cjZo hfGg'kb{5 of] s'/f hfGgfn] kbfy{ 1fgdfq
x'g] xf]Og ls dflg; zf:qsf] hfnaf6 dg 5'6fO{ ;To j:t'df dg 3';fpg ;Sg] x'G5, ;To
 j:t'df dg nfu]sf dflg; pBf]u u/] ;To kbfy{sf] ObldTy ug{ ;S5, t]:tf dflg;n] ug'{kg]{
sfd s] jfls /fVof] < o]:sf/0fn] of] u|Gy x]l/, zs] ~ffxf“ n]lvofsf] eGbf Hofbf vf]h\gfsf]
pBf]u ul/ tŒj xfFl;n u¿g\, geof klg o]lt n]lvof hlt kbfy{1fg xfd|f g]kfnL :jb]zLnfO{
xf];\ eGgflgldQ g]kfnL efiffdf 5flk of] u|Gy k|sfz u/]sf] 5'Æ . o; k':tssf] klxnf] v08df
JofVof, sfo{sf/0f, :jfefljs lgod, jhgsf] sf/0f, cfsif{0f, cfsif{0fsf] lgod, kfgLsf] j]u,
kfgLsf] hf]/, xfjf, pi0ftf 5g\ eg] bf;|f] v08df k[YjL, xfjf, ;d'Gb|, kxf8sf] agfj6,
vf]nfgfnfsf] pTklQ, k[YjLsf] pTklQ /x]sf 5g\ .
!!= lj=;+= !(^# df logn] aemfªsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs cj:yfaf/] lj:t[t cWoog u/]/
…d]nn]s’ df a:tL a;fO{ ;f]xL 7fp“df aemfªsf] /fhwfgL ;f/]sf lyP . To;} tfsf logn]
kmnfd vfgL, tfdf vfgL, xft] sfuh pBf]u, sf“rf] 5fnf k|zf]wg, h'Qf sf/vfgf, sk8f
pBf]u, l;nfO pBf]u, h8La'6L k|zf]wg h:tf pBf]ux¿sf] aemfªe/ lj:tf/ u/]sf lyP .
!@= lj=;+= !(^$ df logn] …lzIff bk{0f’ bf];|f] efu k':ts n]vL k|sfzg u/] . of] k':ts !#@
k[i7sf] 5 . o; k':tssf] k[i7 @ / # df hok[YjLn] n]v]sf 5g\ æk/d]Zj/ ;j{1, ;asf
dflns eof cjZo kIfkftL gxf]nf . km]/L h;sf] :jefj klg dg dflkmssf] sfd c¿n] u/L
lbof v';L x'g] x'G5 . o;sf/0fn] k/d]Zj/nfO{ v';L t'Nofpg eGg]n] kIfkftnfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ .
;a k|f0fLdf Psgf;sf] Jojxf/ /fVg'k5{ . o:tf] dg nfpgfnfO{ klxn] cfkm\g} 5f]/L5f]/fx¿
;anfO{ Ps b]vf];\ s;}nfO{ j/ s;}nfO{ k/ gb]vf];\ . ;asf] enf] u/f];\ . Toxf“kl5 cfkm\gf
ufp“nfO{ Ps b]vf];\ . Toxf“kl5 cfkm" a;]sf] If]qnfO{ Ps b]vf];\ . Toxf“kl5 d'n'snfO{ Ps
b]vf];\ . Toxf“kl5 b'lgofe/nfO{ Ps b]vL ;asf] enf] lrtfj;\ . ;a dflg; cfkm\gf]–cfkm\gf]
dtna dfq larf/ ug]{ eof eg] cfkm\gf] dfq gf]S;fg x'Gg, d'n'ssf] dfq gf]S;fg x'Gg ls
;f/f b'lgof“sf] klg gf]S;fg x'G5 .Æ
æa]O{dfg hgsf] Oht\ klg `xf“, So} sfn dfq} x'Gof ..
a]O{dflg u/L lnofsf] wg tf, l6St} gl6SGof x'Gof ..
wgbf}ny\ kl/jfx{¿ ;sn rLh, yf]/} lbg}sf x'“bf,
cflvdf{ ;a sfdsf g]lsjbL af“sL /xG5g\ Og} ..
!#= lj=;+= !(^$ ;fndf …lzIff bk{0f’ t];|f] efu k':ts n]vL k|sfzg u/] . of] t];|f] efu k':ts
!!) k[i7sf] 5 . o;sf] e"ldsfdf n]v]sf 5g\ ædflg; hGd]k5L s]lxgs]lx t/xaf6 lhGblu
latfpg'k5{ . s;/L lhGblu latfpg' eGg] ljrf/ 5, c;n sfddf lbg sf6\g' ;a eGb5g\,
c;n / gc;n sfdsf] lkml/:t n]vL lgjf{x 5}g, ;fdfGo c;n sfd eg]sf] vfg gkfpg]nfO{
vfg lbg', nfpg gkfpg]nfO{ nfpg lbg', ;s];Dd d'n'ssf] enfO ug'{, cfkm\g' d'n's ;'wfg'{,
;anfO{ Ond lbg', cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] enfO{ / pGglt ug'{ ;a} dflg;sf] wd{ xf] . d'n'ssf]
pGglt ugf{nfO{ s] s] rflxG5 < s;/L x'G5 < eGg] ljrf/ ug'{ k¥of] . of] s'/f] of}6fn] u/]/ x'g]
xf]Og, ;asf] dg\ d'n'ssf] enfO{df x'g'k5{ . d'n'ssf] enfO{ ugf{nfO{ /fhf ef/bf/ x'g' kb}{g .
 ;fgf–;fgf s'/f ;a}n] ug{ ;S5 . ;a}n] Ond\ l;sL, ljBf k9L, hfGg] e} c¿nfO{ xf“ls …xf]:6]’
eGg] x'g rfxg'k5{ . t/ s]lx u/L …xf]:6]’ eGg] efu csf{nfO{ k¥of] eg] klg …x}“;]’ eGg]sf]
hdfTdf ldln, …x}“;’] eGg klg ufx|f] gdfGg' . cfkm\gf] em} emu8f cbfntdf /fv]/ t\gdg\ lbO
z]ifsf pGgltdf dg lbGof hfGGofx¿n] ldln xf]:6] π xf]:6] elg lbbf ;a ldln Psl5g
:jb]zsf pk/ x}“;] π x}F;] π eg]/ an ylklbof s'g sfd l;l4GgYof] .Æ
;f] k':tsdf hok[YjL n]Vg5g\ æwg d'n'sdf Jofkf/ / v]tLaf6 cfp“5 . d'n'sdf ;a
dflg;sf] wg d'n'ssf] d"n wg sxnfp“5 . t/ d'n'ssf sf]xL dflg;n] wg hDdf u/L
yGSofO{ /fv]sf] 5 eg] ;f] yGSofPsf] wg d"n wg aGb}g . cyjf h'g wg kl5 s]xL kmfObf
glg:sg] cyf{t\ 3/ cyjf s;}sf] j]sfdsf] ;f}vsf lgldQ vr{ x'G5 eg] ;f] wg klg d'n'ssf]
d"nwg x'g ;St}g . t/ :s"n, c:ktfn, k'n, af6f]x¿ agfpg] sfddf vr{ eofsf] wgnfO{
d'n'ssf] d"nwg eGg x'G5 . lsgeg] c:ktfndf cf}ifwL kfO ladf/L 5'6]sf dflg;x¿ sfd
u/L km]/L d'n'ssf] wg a9fp“5g\ . :s"ndf Ond kfofsf dflg;x¿n] klg d'n'ssf] wg x/
lsl;dn] a9fp“5g\ . k'n, af6f agfp“bf vr{ ePsf] wgn] Jofkf/ OTofbLdf d2t ug]{ x'gfn]
of] klg d'nwg sxnfp“5 .Æ
…lzIff bk{0f’ gfds k':tssf] t];|f] efusf] k[i7 !)^ df …dfGotf’ zLif{sdf hok[YjLn] n]v]sf
5g\ ædflg;nfO{ dfGotf¿kL v]tL ug{ ;aeGbf sl7g nfU5 . cfkm\g} OR5fg';f/ ugf{nfO{ /
cfkm\g} sfds'/f c;n xf] eGg] k|tLlt nfUgfnfO{ xfdL ;a}sf] :jefj} 5 . clnslt ljBf, Ond
l;s]kl5 dflg;nfO{ s]xL 3d08 x'G5 / ;f] 3d08n] d v'a hfGb5', xfdL ;dfgsf / xfdLb]lv
dflysf dflg;eGbf d Hofbf a'l4dfg\ 5' eGg] x'G5 . vf; u/L o;} avtdf xf] dflg;x¿
dfGotf 5f]8\gfnfO{ Hofbf nnrfp“5g\ . of] ;kgf w]/} sfn /x“b}g, ;s] To;}af6 d"v{ 7x/L,
g;s] ax't b'Mv ;d]t kfO{, ;f] 3d08¿kL ;kgfaf6 Ao"“emG5g\ . hf] csf{nfO{ x's'd rnfpg
pd]b /fV5, t];}n] k}n] cfkm"n] csf{sf] cf1f dfGgfnfO{ /kmt ug'{kb{5 .Æ
!$=o;} u/L hok[YjLn] ljZjsf ljsl;t d'n'sx¿ s;/L b]z ljsf;sf qmddf cufl8 a9L /x]sf
5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L tTsfnLg g]kfnsf zf;s / hgtfnfO{ u/fpg k"aL{o uf]nfw{sf]
hfkfg b]znfO{ r'g], hxf“sf] Oltxf; g]kfnsf] tTsfnLg kl/l:ylt;“u ldNbf]h'Nbf] lyof] . ;f]xL
…lzIff bk{0f’ k':tssf] t];|f] efusf] k[i7 $, *, !) / !^ df n]lvPsf] 5 æhfkfgsf
afbzfxnfO{ ldsfbf] eGb5g\ . ;g\ !*^* ;Dd ldsfbf] gfdsf dfq afbzfx lyP . ;f“RrLsf
afbzfx zf]u'g y/sf lyP . 7"n–7"nf ;a} cf]xf]bf zf]u'gs} bfHo"efOn] kfp“y] . cfsf]{ y/ af6
/fhsfh vf]:bf k}n] afbzfxsf] xs lbnfp“gfsf] Go"“ uYo]{ . kl5af6 cfkm} bf];|f afbzfx aGYo] .
d'n'ssf] pGgltsf] Vofn s;}nfO{ lyPg . tf]s'ufjf vfGbfgsf] kf“rf} zf]u'g]6sf kfnfdf cf/fO
xfs';]sL eGg] JolQm a8f ljåfg\ eP . log}n] k}n] hfkfg d'n'sdf ljBf km}nfpg] sf]lzz u/] .
cfsf{ of]lzbf :jog eGg]n] zf]u'gsf] tfstn] d'n'sdf d]n x'g glbofsf], d'n'sdf pGglt x'g
gkfofsf] s'/f afbzfxnfO{ hfx]/ ubf{ dfl/lbP . Ogn] dg]{ a]nf srx/Ldf ;asf cuf8L,
;asf dgdf u8\g] b]zf]Ggltdf ef/L efif0f bLO cfkm\gf] hGd ;kmn eof] eGg] ;+lem d/] .
 To;} a]nfb]lv zf]u'gsf] bzf nfUof] . ;g\ !*^* dfr{ !$ tf/]vdf afbzfx d'T;f]lxtf]n]
hfkfgsf] ;a sfddf cfkm"n] ;d]t ;ky vfO{ d'n'ssf] nfos dflg; k|wfgdGqL x'g]5,
h'g;'s} a]nfdf klg ;a lsl;dsf dflg;sf] Ps dt u/fpg] dt ;/sf/n] /fvf];\,
a]dtnasf k'/fgf rfnrng ;a 5f]8\g', Ond / ljBf k[YjLdf hxf“ kfOG5 vf]hL d'n'ssf]
a/fa/ t/SsL e}/xg] u/fpg" eGg] sfObfn] P]g af“w] . ;asf tfst tf]l8P . ;f/f hfkfgdf
Ps} lsl;dsf] sf/f]af/ x'g] eof] . ;a hgtf Ps eO hfkfgsf] ljsf; a9fP .Æ
!%= lj=;+= !(^$ df hok[YjLnfO{ ef/bf/L c8\8f k|d'v agfOof] / Gofo x]g]{ ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L klg
;'lDkof] . hok[YjLsf ljrf/x¿nfO{ tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL rGb|;dz]/n] ;xh} lnPsf lyPgg\
tfklg hok[YjLsf] pRr af}l4stf, b]z / gful/sk|ltsf] x]/fOn] ubf{ k|wfgdGqL rGb|;dz]/
klg k|efljt geO/xg ;s]gg\ . oxL k|efjsf sf/0fn] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkP/ hok[YjL kf;sf]
Joj:yf ul/of] . To;}n] To; tfsf s;}n] klg ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf sfd ug{ hok[YjLaf6 kf;
lng'kYof]{ . h'g kbnfO{ kl5 k|wfgGofofwL; eGg] kb l;h{gf ul/Psf] xf] . of] logLk|ltsf]
lgufx / bof geP/ logsf] af}l4s Ifdtfsf] sb/ lyof] .
!^= lj=;+= !(^% df hok[YjLn] …Jojxf/dfnf’ gfds !@* k[i7sf] k':ts n]vL k|sfzg u/] . o;
k':tssf] #* k[i7df …pkxf/sf] sfd’ zLif{sdf pgn] n]v]sf 5g\ æ;a}n] ljrf/ ug'{k5{ ls
;s] b'lgof“e/sf] geof cfkm\gf] d'n'sdf pksf/ ug'{kg]{ slt sfd 5g\ < cfkm" a;]sf zx/df
slt dflg; a]sDdf eP/ ef]sn] dl//x]sf 5g\ < sltn] c¿ s]xL pBf]u gkfO{ cfsf{sf]
sdf/f sdf/L eP/, b'Mv kfP/ hgd\ latfPsf 5g\ < slt ljBf gkfP/ kz' h:tf eP/ /x]sf
5g\ < slt alnofsf] lyrf]ldrf]df d/]sf 5g\ . sf]xL kf;f / tf; v]n]/ lbg latfpF5g\ . sf]xL
ukm u/]/ lbg latfp“5g\ . s] k|f0fLsf] pksf/ x'g] sfd o:t} v]naf8af6 x'G5 < w]/} dflg;
csf{sf] b'Mv yfxf t kfp“5g\ t/ pksf/sf] sfd cfkm\gf b'O{rf/j6f hxfgkl/jf/b]lv aflx/
rnfpg ;Qm}gg\ . o:tf dflg;n] bof u/] eGg'x'Gg . oL t tdf;f x]g]{x¿ x'g\ . h}n] wgL x'“nf
jf tfst xf]nf plxNo} pksf/sf] sfd u/f}“nf eGg] ;f]rfO klg e'm§f xf] . b'lgofFsf] kmfObf
wg}n] dfq x'g] yf]/} xf] . pksf/sf] sfd eg]sf] t df}sfn] dfq ug]{ cfkm\g" dtnan] 5f]8\g]
xf]Og . 3/sf] sfdb]lv ;f/f b'lgof“sf sfd;Dddf pksf/sf] sfd tf Pp6f st{Jo g} xf] .
cfkm\gf jl/kl/sf dflg;df bof /fv]/ lrQ a'emfpg] klg pksf/L xf]Og . b'lgof“sf] kmfObf x'g]
;a s'/f dnfO{ yfxf 5, k/LcfPdf db\bt u5'{ eGg] klg pksf/L xf]Og . cfsf{sf] pksf/ /
b'lgofFsf] kmfObfnfO{ tf d]xgt g} ug'{k5{, ulx/f] ljrf/, PsTj, Wofg, Ov lnPsf] pBf]u
lng'k5{ . cfkm\gf] dtna 5f]8]/ pksf/ u/f}“ eGg] pd]b /fVg'k5{ .Æ
!&= lj=;+= !(^% df hok[YjL uf]/vfkqsf k|d'v ;Dkfbssf x}l;otn] a]nfot uPsf lyP .
hok[YjLsf] k|ltefaf6 k|efljt eO{ a]nfotsf ;d|f6\ ;Ktd P8j8{af6 logn] dfgfy{ sg]{n
pkflw klg kfPsf lyP .
!*=lj=;+= !(^^ df ;a} gful/s lg/f]uL / :j:y xf]pmg\ eGgsf nflu ef/tsf] snsQfaf6
8fS6/x¿ lemsfO{ aemfªdf vu cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfnox¿ :yfkgf u/]sf lyP .
!(= lj=;+= !(^& df hok[YjLn] >]:tfbk{/ff k}Nxf lstfk $* k]h / …e"uf]n ljBf’ gfds k':ts
n]vL uf]vf{kq 5fkfvfgf gS;fnaf6 k|sflzt u/] . k[YjLsf] a0f{gnfO{ e"uf]n ljBf eGb5g\,
k[YjL ;'Gtf]nf h:tf] uf]N5, k[YjLsf] uf]nfO # t/xaf6 l;4 ul/G5’ eGg] afSof+zaf6 ;'?
ul/Psf] o; k':tsdf !)# k[i7 5g\ . logn] d'n'ssf] ljsf; ug{ gful/sx¿n] e"uf]nsf] klg
cWoog u¿g\ eGgfsf nflu of] k':ts n]v]sf lyP . g]kfnLdf n]lvPsf] of] klxnf] e"uf]nsf]
k':ts xf] . hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x g]kfnsf] e"uf]n ljsf;sf qmddf klxnf e"uf]nljb\ ;d]t x'g\ .
@)=lj=;+= !(^& df logn] aemfªdf qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ Joj:yf nfu" u/L aemfªsf
/fhf/hf}6fsf gfddf btf{ /xL cfPsf hUufdf df]lxofgL xs lbnfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf
gfddf hUuf btf{ u/fPsf lyP .
@!= lj=;+= !(^& b]lv lj=;+= !(^* ;Dddf hok[YjLn] aemfªaf6 8f“;–] kml8Nn] 88]nw'/f x'“b}
ef/tsf] 6gsk'/, aemfªaf6 laTy8 a}t8L x'“b} ef/tsf] em'nf3f6, aemfªaf6 afh'/f x'“b} h'Dnf,
r}gk'/ aemfªaf6 dfg;/f]j/ ltAat;Ddsf] 3f]/]6f af6f / wd{zfnf lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP .
@@= g]kfnL efiff kf7\ok':ts / uf]/vfkq lgsfNb} ubf{ Jofs/0fsf] dxŒjnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
hok[YjLn] lj=;+= !(^( df …k|fs[t Jofs/0f’ gfds g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf] k':ts n]vL k|sfzg
u/]sf lyP . rfnL; k[i7df n]lvPsf] o; Jofs/0fsf cGTodf Olt k|yd v08 n]lvPsfn] csf]{
Jofs/0f klg n]v]sf] a'lemG5 . oxL ‘k|fs[t Jofs/0f’ g} g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf] g]kfndf
5flkPsf] klxnf] Jofs/0f xf] . g]kfnsf klxnf Jofs/0fsf/ hok[YjLn] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ k|fs[t
efiff eg]sf 5g\ / g]kfnL efiffsf] zAb sf]if n]v]sf lyP eGg] 5 tfklg vf]h ubf{ km]nf
kfl/Psf] 5}g . g]kfndf lj=;+= !(%& ;fnb]lv uf]/vfkq 5fkfvfgfsf] ;'ljwf ePsfn] /fli6«o
tyf /fi6«efiffdf n]lvPsf s'g} klg ;fdu|L k|sfzgsf] sl7gfO geO{ /rgfsf/sf] cefj /x]sf]
lyof] . To;df klg /fi6«jfbL hok[YjL g]kfndf a;];Dd s'g} klg /rgfsf/sf /rgfx¿
ck|sflzt lyPgg\ .
@#=lj=;+= !(&) df sf7df8f}“sf] gS;fndf lj=;+= !(^@ df :yfkgf u/]sf] ;TojfbL kf7zfnfnfO{
aemfª ;f/]sf lyP . aemfª ;f/]kl5 ;a} gful/sx¿sf afnaflnsfn] lzIff kfpg ;s"g\
eGgfsf nflu k|To]s xKtfsf] dÍnjf/sf lbg cf7 jif{ dfly pd]/ ePsf afnaflnsfsf
cfdfafa' af]nfO ef]h v'jfpg] rng rnfPsf lyP . cfdfafa'nfO{ ef]h v'jfP/
afnaflnsfnfO{ kf7zfnf k7fpg k|]l/t u/fpgfn] aemfªdf To; a]nf lzIff If]qdf 7"nf]
qmflGt cfPsf] lyof] . lj=;+= !(*% lt/ t w]/} dflg; lzlIft lyP .
kf7zfnfeGbf clnk/ g]kfnL xft] sfuh pBf]u lyof] . kf7zfnfdf dWof≈gsf ;dodf
xft] sfuhsf nflu rflxg] sRrf kbfy{ ljBfyL{af6 s'6fpg nufO{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ n]Vg] sfuh
lbg] ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] sfuhdf ljBfyL{x¿ s6';sf kftsf] d;L agfO{ lgufnfsf sndn]
n]Vg] uy]{ . ;TojfbL kf7zfnfdf k9\g] ljBfyL{ Ps lbg uon /x]df bf];|f] lbg sIffsf ;a}
 ljBfyL{ uon /x]sf ljBfyL{sf] 3/df uP/ kf7zfnfdf xflh/ u/fpg] rng @)@%÷@^
;fn;Dd klg sfod lyof] .
hok[YjL ef/tsf] a}Ínf]/ a:bf klg ;TojfbL kf7zfnf, aemfªsf x]8df:6/ /fdbQ
cj:yLnfO{ kf7zfnfsf] dfl;s k|ult k|ltj]bg lng] / dfu{bz{g lbg] sfo{x¿ eO/xGy] . tL
lgb]{zgdWo] s]xL lgDgfg';f/ lyP –
– k|To]s b/f -If]q_ af6 $÷$ hgf ljBfyL{ NofP/ k9fpg] .
– ul/a ljBfyL{nfO{ k7gkf7gsf ;fdu|L, Ps sDan / ;Lwf -vfgf_ lbg] .
– ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lx;fa / g]kfnL efiffdf hf]8 lbg] . t/ lxGbL efiffdf aftlrt ug{ cEof;
u/fpg] tfls ef/tlt/ /f]huf/L tyf s'NnL sfddf hf“bf lr¶Lkq n]Vg ;s"g\ / cfkm\gf]
cfh{g -kfl/>lds_ df 7lugaf6 aRg ;s"g\ .
– g}lts / cg'zf;gsf] lzIff lbg] .
– ljBfyL{nfO{ ;TojfbL agfpg] .
– ≈o"dflg:6’ klqsf k9]/ ;f]cg';f/ Jojxf/ / cfr/0f ug]{ u/fpg] .
– b'lgof“sf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ cª\u|]hL lgMz'Ns l;sfpg] / cª\u|]hL k9\g OR5's /fhfsf
efO5f]/fx¿nfO{ z'Ns lnP/ cª\u|]hL k9fpg] .
@$=lj=;+= !(&) df bz{gdf cfwfl/t …tŒjk|z+;f’ gfds k':ts k|sfzg u/]sf lyP . of] k':ts
rf}jfnL; k[i7sf] /x]sf] 5 . o; u|Gysf] e"ldsfdf pgn] n]v]sf 5g\ æof] u|Gy n]lv d]/f]
dtna s'g} s'/fdf kl08TofO b]vfpg] jf dt\ wd{sf] v08g\ ul/ cfsf]{ g~ff wd{sf] :yfkgf
ug]{ xf]Og ls vfln kf7sx¿sf] dg\ ;t\ j:t' vf]Hgfdf nfuf];\ eGg] x]t'n] cfkm\gf lbndf
nfu]sf] s'/f n]lv k|;Í rnfO{ lbofsf] xf] . o;} sf/0fn] sf}g} s'/fdf z'4fz'4sf] ljrf/ klg
Hofbf gul/ dtna of] xf] ls kf7s dxfzon] olt s'/f hfGg' kg]{ /x]5 elg ;f] s'/fdf
hfGgfsf] sf]lzz ul/ cfkm}n] ;f“rf] s'/f lgsfNg zSg' ef] eg] ;f] s'/f lbndf b[9;“u u8\g u}
kmfObf lbg] x'G5, Ps km]/f lstfadf n]v]sf] b]v]sf] jf s;}n] eg]sf s'/fdf Vofn} /xGg, o;}
sf/0fn] ;Hhg kf7s dxfzox¿sf] lbn axnfpgflgldQ s]lx uGyg 5f]6s/L ul/ n]lv
k|sfz u/]sf] 5'Æ . ;f] u|Gysf] cGtdf n]v]sf 5g\ –
dg"{ Ps\ lbg\ kb{5 k|f0fLnfO{ . l/;\ /fu\ 5f8L ug'{ ;asf] enfO{ ..
sd}{ d'Vo Jojxf/sf] oxL xf] . eGg] nfU5 cNk a'l4 dnfO{ ..
hok[YjL gfd d]/f] t efO{ . n]v]“ s]xL slgs"yL hdfO{ ..
;f“rf] em"6f] eGg" xf]nf tkf`L . o} xf] d]/f] hGdesf]{ sdfO{ ..
olx k':tsnfO{ Jofks?k lbP/ ;g\ !(@* df a}+unf]/ ef/taf6 cË|]hLdf ≈o"dflgHd k|sfzg
u/]sf lyP .
!(($ ;fn kmfu'g ^ ut] ho ejg a}+unf]/af6 h'hL wf/uf8 ufp a:g] x+;f ld>sf gflt
wg\gfd ld>sf 5f]/f xl/gf/fo0f ld>nfO{ cfkm\g} xftn] lr7L n]lv lr7Ldf n]v]sf 5g\M xl/
gf/fo0f ld>s] . pk|fGt ltldn] df3 @( ut]df k7fo]sf # kq kfo] . ltldn] 6f6] u8f] eGg]
hUufsf] emu8f xf/L ;f] hUuf ltldx?n] gkfpg] eo]df, jf:tjdf ;f] hUuf ltd|f afa' afh]x?n]
lahf8Lx?nfO{ l;QLdf vfg bL, lghx?af6 s}n]sxL+ s]xL sfd ;+d dfq ltldx?n] lng] u/]sf]
k|df0f k'u]sf]n] ;f] emu8f ltldx?n]xf/]sf] xf], t];f] eo] tfklg ltldx?n] xfd|f] rfs/L u/]sf] x'gfn]
/ ltd|f] jf:tjdf eo]sf] gf]S;fgL b'O gf]s/n] ug]{ ltd|f] sfdsf] dfq g'S;fg eo]sf]n] / b'O6f
gf]s/x?n] vfgfnfO{ hUuf sltn] k'U5 egL d}n] /fhf efO;+u ;f]wL k7fpbf Ps ;o krf;
?lkofsf] hUuf eo] k'U5 elg df};"km efOn] n]lv k7fo]sf]n], !%) ?lkofsf] hUuf lsgL lbg' egL
d}n] k}n] n]v]sf] x'‘ . xfNdf, ltd|f] efO cem ;Dd g]kfn u} emu8f u/L /x]sf] ;'g]sfn], ltd|f] w]/}
vr{ nfu]sf] a'emL, gf]6 ?= !&% 5f]/f gfgL /fdh+unfO{ vr{ ug{fnfO{ lbo]sf]af6 ltldnfO{ ;f] gf]6
?= !&% jf t]:sf] ;6xL ubf{ xfnsf b/efpn] d] ?= htLx'G5 t]ltsf] hUuf lsgL ltldx?nfO{
a'emfO lbg' egL eg]sf] 5'. ahfª k'u] kl5 5f]/f gfgL /fdh+un] ;f] gf]6 ?= !&% ltldnfO{ lbg]
5g . t];}n] ltldn] hUuf lslg cyjf C0f lt/L cfkm\gf] Jojxf/ rnfpg' . oxf‘ cfo]/ klg ltldn]
atf{ s]lx kfpg] 5}gf}+, ltld a+unf]/ cfo]df vfnL af6f] vr{ ug]{ sfd dfq x'g] 5, ;f] a'emL
a+unf]/ gcfpg', ToxLaf6 kmsL{ 3/ hfg' . ltd|f] c;n rfxg] >L /fhf hok[YjL axfb'/ l;+x
/fi6« / ;dfhlgdf{0fsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf] af}l4s qmflGt xf] . hxf“ af}l4s qmflGt x'G5≤ Toxf“
;fdflhs kl/jt{g ;lhn} x'G5 . hxf“ ;fdflhs qmflGt x'G5, Toxf“ /fhgLlt dfgjtfsf] kIfw/
x'G5, dfgjLo Jojxf/df plePsf] x'G5 / dfgjtfsf] ;+/Ifs eP/ a;]sf] x'G5 . olb ;dfhdf
af}l4s qmflGtljgfsf] ;fdflhs qmflGt eof] / ;fdflhs qmflGt ljgfsf] /fhgLlts qmflGt eof]
eg] Tof] n“u8f] x'G5, ck"/f] x'G5 . To;}n] xf]nf hok[YjLn] ;a{k|yd g]kfndf af}l4s qmflGtsf]
;'?jft u/] . ;fdflhs qmflGtljgf gful/sx¿ ;'vL, v';L / ;d[¢ x'g ;Sb}gg\ eGg] s'/f pb\3f]if
u/]/ g]kfndf /fhgLlts qmflGtsf] jftfj/0f agfPsf lyP .
hok[YjL;“u afa'/fd cfrfo{ hLjge/ ;“u} a;]sf lyP / pgsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf hok[YjLn]
g} ul/lbPsf lyP . hok[YjLsf ljBfyL{ Pj+ lzio g]kfnsf Oltxf;lz/f]dl0f afa'/fd cfrfo{n]
cfkm\gf] …g]kfnL lzIffsf] Oltxf;’ df n]v]sf 5g\ æ/fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] 5kfO{ /fv]sf
kf7\ok':tsx¿dWo] Pp6f hfkfgsf] pTyfgsf] j[QfGt n]Vbf==rGb|;d;]/ em;Ë eP . hfkfgsf
zf]u'g h:t} cfkm" /x]sf x'gfn] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ e8\sfP/ qmflGt drfpg] p2]Zon] of] k':ts
n]lvPsf] /x]5 eGg] ts{gf u/L /f]if k|s6 u/] === .Æ /f0ff k|wfgdGqL rGb|;d;]/ hËaxfb'/ /f0ffn]
em:sg'kg]{ To; tfsfsf] cj:yf g} lyof] . lsgeg] To;} a]nf ?;df n]lgg / ef/tdf ufGwL
;lqmo lyP,a]nfotL pklgj]zsf] hu–huL lyof] . cfh h] 5g\, tL ;a} wd{ pbo eO;s]sf lyP .
t/ hok[YjL oL s'g} klg ljrf/;“u k"0f{ ;xdt lyPgg\ .
cGt/f{li6«o d~rdfM hok[YjLjxfb'/ l;+x
g]kfn ljZjs} k|flrg ;fj{ef}d :jtGq d'n's xf] . g]kfn blIf0f Plzofsf ;a} d'n'sx?
eGbf h]7f] xf] . g]kfnn] ef/t a]nfotsf] pklgj]z /xFb} cfkm\gf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw lj:tf/
u/]sf] lyof] . a]nfot, ef/tnufotsf d'n'sx?df g]kfnL /fhb"t /xg] Joj:yf lyof] . tyflk
ljZjsf clwsf+z d'n'sx? g]kfnsf] bf}To ;DaGw :yfkgf eOg;s]sf] cj:yfdf
 hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] cd]l/sf, hfkfg, rLg, :jL6\h/NofG8, hd{gL, r]sf]:nf]eflsof, cli6«of,
xË]/L, /f]dflgof, kf]Nof08, k|mfG;nufotsf d'n'sx?sf] e|d0f u/L tL d'n'sx?sf ljleGg
zx/x?df cfkm"b\jf/f k|ltkflbt …dfgjjfbÚaf/] k|jrg lbPsf lyP . hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xsf] o;
k|of;n] hg:t/af6 g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw lj:tf/df pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'u]sf] 5 .
!= lj=;+= !(&! ;fn cyf{t\ ;g\ !(!$ df o'/f]kl:yt cl:6«ofsf /fhs'df/ cfs{ 8\o's
kml8{GofG8sf] xTofsf] lgx'“df ;'? ePsf] klxnf] ljZjo'4df sl/a *% nfv dflg;sf] Hofg
hf“bf hok[YjLnfO{ c;x\o x'g k'Uof] . o; ljZjo'4n] lognfO{ g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ dfq xf]Og,
ljZjdfgjsf af/]df ;f]Rg afWo u/fof] .
lj=;+= !(&@ df g]kfndf cfkm"n] lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf ljleGg kbx¿ ;dxfNg] JolQmsf]
aGbf]a:t ldnfO{ cfkm\gf] /fhf kbjL afa'nfO{ ;'lDkP/ lj=;+= !(&# b]lv !(&( ;fn;Dd
ef/tsf] b]x/fb'g / g}lgtfndf a;L …dfgjtfjfb’ gfds k':ts n]v] . of] k':ts g} cfw'lgs
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df bz{g;DaGwL klxnf] k':ts xf] .
lj=;+= !(&( df afa'sf] d[To' ePsfn] hok[YjL k'gM g]kfn kmsL{ ;f] /fhf kbjL cfkm\gf
sfG5fefO b]ljhËjxfb'/ l;+xnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]/ lj=;+= !(*) df ef/tsf] a}Ënf]/ uPsf
lyP . t/ 5f]/Lsf] dfofn] HjfO“nfO{ kmsfpg ;lsG5 ls eGg] 7fg]/ /f0ff k|wfgdGqL
rGb|;dz]/n] lj=;+=!(^* df cdfnL k|yf vf/]h, lj=;+= !(&% df lqrGb| sn]hsf] :yfkgf,
lj=;+= !(&& df ;tL k|yf pGd"ng, lj=;+= !(*! df bf; k|yfh:tf cdfgjLo k|yfsf] cGTo
ul/lbP klg hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] klxnf] ljZjo'4sf] o'4ljeLlifsfnfO{ ;xg} g;sL
c7f]6sf;fy cfkm\gf] ;'v–;on / ;j{:j ToflulbPsf lyP .
g]kfn e"lddf hGd lnPsf l;4fy{ uf}tdn] ;d:t dfgjhfltsf] cfTd;+/If0fsf nflu
cfkm\gf] /fHo 5f]8]em}“ hok[YjLn] klg dfgjhfltsf] hLjg;+/If0fsf nflu $& jif{sf] pd]/df
aemfª /fHosf] /fhkf6 Tofu]/ ef/tdf a;]sf lyP .
@= ljZj—e|ft[Tj / zflGtk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] larf/ ;+;f/e/ km}nfpg blIf0f ef/tsf] uª\ufw/ r]§L
/f]8 a}Ënf]/df ;g\ !(@% df …ho ejg’ lgdf{0f u/] .
#= ;g\ !(@* dfr{ * ljxLjf/sf lbg …≈o'dflgl:6s Sna’ sf] pb\wf6g\ u/] .
$= ;g\ !(@* ;]K6]Dj/ df dfgjjfb gfds cª\u|]hL k':ts ljdf]rg u/] .
%= ;g\ !(@* h'nfO{ df …b ≈o'dflg:6’ dfl;s cª\u|]hL klqsf k|sfzg u/] .
^= ;g\ !(@* df Peace and Unity Propaganda Bureau u7g u/]/ ;g\ !(@( ;]K6]Da/ b]lv
;g\ !(#* ;Dd ljZj e|d0f u/]sf lyP .
&= d};'/sf tTsflng /fhf ho ;fa/f8] /fj;“u ;DaGw a9fO{ ef/tsf] d};'/ /fHosf] s'u{ eGg]
7fp“df g]kfnLx¿sf] a:tL a;fn], ef/tsf] b]x/fb"g / g}lgtfndf g]kfnL efiff :s"n vf]n],
b]x/fb"g, g}lgtfn / d]3fnoaf6 uf]/vf–;+;f/, t?0f–uf]/vf, lxdr'nL / uf]/vf–;]js gfds
g]kfnL klqsfx¿ k|sfzg u/fPsf lyP . logn] ;+;f/sf ;a} dflg;x¿ Pp6} kl/jf/sf
 ;b:osf ¿kdf / ;a} b]zx¿n] ;x–cl:tTjsf] dfWodåf/f ljZja|Dxf08sf] 5xf/Ld'lg /xg
;s]df dfq :yfoL ljZjzflGt ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f a'emfpg Pj+ o'4/t d'n'ssf kLl8t
kIfnfO{ p4f/ / cfqmfds kIfnfO{ dfgjtf ;Demfpg ljZjzflGt ;~hfn v8f u/L
ljZjJofkL ¿kdf zflGt / dfgjtfjfbL ;Ëu7gx¿ vf]n]sf lyP .
*= hok[YjLn] /f]Sg vf]h]sf] d'n's–d'n'saLrsf] o'4 Pj+ d'n's–d'n'sleqsf n8GteL8Gt dfq
geO{ dfgjn] dfgjnfO{ ug]{ zf]if0f / pTkL8g h:tf b'ik|j[lQ klg xf] . dfgjdfqsf] ;'v,
v';L, zflGt / ;d[l¢sf nflu logsf] /0fgLltdWo] ;d'bfout ;Ëu7gx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ Pp6f
lyof] . Ps–csf{ dflg;sf] hLjg a'em\g cfk;L 5nkmn rflxG5 . 5nkmnsf nflu ;Ëu7g
rflxG5 . tL ;Ëu7gx¿ rfx] ufp“ jf 6f]n :t/df xf]pmg\ jf /fli6«o cyjf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf
xf]pmg\, tL ;Ëu7gx¿df ;a} lsl;dsf dflg; cfP/ 5nkmn ug]{, cfk;df ;dfg Jojxf/
ug]{, Ps–csf{df dfgdof{bf ug]{, dfof ug]{, ;b\efjgf b]vfpg], ;xfg'e"lt /fVg] h:tf
s'/fx¿sf] cEof; u/]/ tNnf] vfnsf dflg;df /x]sf] xLgtf x6fO{ cfkm"df klg lrGtg ug{
;Sg] Ifdtf /x]5 eGg] efjgf k}bf u/fpg] / dflyNnf] txsf dflg;sf] 3d08 x6fO{ Tof] klg
xfdL h:t} xf] eg]/ bofsf] efjgf hufpg] lyof] . ToxL s'/fnfO{ lnP/ logn] ljZje/ k|rf/
u/] . htftt} dfgjtfjfbL Snax¿ vf]nfP . To;}n] ubf{ nfoG; Sna, /f]6/L Sna nufotsf
ljZje/sf ljleGg Snax¿ pgs} l;4fGtn] hGdfPsf x'g / lnu ckm g]zgn] ljZj zflGt
c;Dej eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf klg hok[YjLs} k|]/0ffn] ePsf] xf] eGg] 7DofO
/x]sf] 5 .
cfkm\gf] hLjgsf !# cf}+ j;Gt nufP/ n]v]sf] ≈o'd]g\OHd\ u|Gydf ljj]rgf ul/Psf
bfz{lgs ljifodWo] ;[li6–l;4fGt Ps xf] . dflg;x¿df O{Zj/;DaGwL ljrf/sf] pTklQ /
ljZjf;sf] ljsf; s;/L eof] eGg] ljifodf hok[YjLn] o; u|Gydf cfkm\gf ljrf/ o;/L JoQm
u/]sf 5g\– æhut\sf] ;[li6 O{Zj/af6 ePsf] xf] eGg] ;f]rfO dfl;gx¿s} xf] . dflg;x¿n]
cfkm\gf] k|f/lDes o'udf hLjg ;'/Iffsf lgldQ Pp6f af6f] vf]Hg'kg]{ lyof] . To; a]nf
alnofn] lgwf{nfO{ x]Kg] k|j[lQn] ;Ë7gsf] ;f]rfO cfof] . ;Ë7gsf] cjwf/0ffaf6 ;dfhsf]
hGd eof] . ;dfhsf] ;'/Iff / ;~rfngsf lgldQ zlQm;Gt'ng u/fpg Ps k|d'v JolQmnfO{
clwsf/;DkGg u/fpg'kg]{ eof] . of] zlQm kl/jf/df afa'n] kfof] / afa' d/]kl5 5f]/f–gfltdf
;b}{ uof] . clwsf/;DkGg JolQmnfO{ c¿n] dfg–;Ddfg / k"hf ug]{ kl/kf6L a:b} uof] /
k'Vof}{nL k"hf :yflkt eof] . r/fr/ hut\df eO/xg] k|fs[lts kl/jt{gx¿, 7"n–7"[nf kxf8x¿,
rGb|, ;"o{, ljgfzsf/L k|no, cf“wLa]/L, af9Lklx/f], :jR5 aftfj/0f, zLtn xfjf cflb ;a}
b]v]/ dflg;n] o;sf k5fl8 s'g} cb[Zo zlQm /x]sf] cg'dfg u/] . of] cfkm\g} d/]sf] afa'sf]
cfTdf klg x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg u/]/ Tof] cb[Zo / zlQmzfnL cfTdfsf] k"hf ug]{ / rf8–kj{
dgfpg] kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; dflg;x¿n] g} u/]/ tflŒjs cyf{t\ jf:tljs cfTdf dfg] .
k|s[ltsf lgoldt lqmofsnfkx¿ h:tf] ;"o{ pbfpg], c:tfpg], /ftL tf/f rlDsg], 7Ls–7Ls
;dodf Ct' kl/jt{g x'g], kfgL kg]{, hf8f]–udL{ x'g] cflb cj:yf;“u} dfgj;dfh ;~rflnt
x'g] ePsfn] ;dfhsf x/]s ;b:onfO{ Ps–csf{sf] ;xof]usf] vf“rf] dx;'; eof] . ;dfhsf
 ;a} ;b:o ldn]/ cfk;L ;dembf/L sfod /fvL sfd ug'{kg]{ eof] . ;dfhdf unt sfd
ug]{nfO{ b08 lbnfpg ;jf]{Rr zlQm k|fKt /fhfsf] kl/sNkgf eof] . o;/L dflg;sf]
;dfhl;tsf] ;fd~h:o sfod eof] . cfkm\gf k"j{hx¿sf] d[tfTdfsf] 8/, lgoGq0f / dfu{bz{g
ljgf hut\ ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] ljZjf;n] dflg;n] pgLx¿dfly zf;g ul//x]sf] Ps cb[Zo
zlQmzfnL b]jtfx¿ :yflkt eP . logLx¿ zlQm;Gt'ngsf lgldQ Ps–cfk;df ;Demf}tf ug{
yfn] . ;j{zlQmdfg\ O{Zj/sf] ;f]rfO :yflkt eO zlQm / ;Demf}tfsf] cEof; eof] . k|s[ltdf
b]lvg] kn–knsf 36gfsf ;DaGwdf dflg;åf/f ul/g] x/]s vf]hx¿n] dflg;nfO{ gof“–gof“
1fg k|fKt x'“b} uof] . hLjgsf] clGtd cj:yf;Dddf klg p;n] oL vf]hx¿sf] lgisif{ lgsfNg
;s]g . hLjgsf ;d:ofx¿ cGTo ePgg\ . b'Mv, sl7gfO / b'ljwfx¿d} dflg; hsl8of] .
p;n] hLjgsf ;d:ofx¿sf] pko'Qm JofVof ug{ ;sg] . To;}n] dflg;n] hLjg / hut\sf]
pTklQ / ;~rfngdf kSs} s'g} dxfdfgjsf] ;+nUgtf 5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNof] . o;/L k| e's}
OR5faf6 hut\ clxn] 5 / /lx/xg] 5 eGg] ljZjf; lnO{ ;[li6 l;4fGtsf] JofVof ug{ dflg;
afWo eof] .Æ o;/L …dfgjtfjfb’ u|Gydf hok[YjLn] ;[li6–l;4fGtnfO{ ;b}j cWoogsf]
ljifosf ¿kdf lng'kg]{ s'/f lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
(= lj=;+= @)#$ ;fndf …¿k–/]vf’ klqsfsf] cË # df b]j]Gb|/fh pkfWofo n]Vb5g\– /fhf
hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x;“u d}n] ;g\ !(#& df ef/tsf] a}Ínf]/df # dlxgf ;“u} a:g] df}sf kfPsf]
lyP“ . To; a]nf pxf“ Olyof]lkofaf6 kms]{sf] 8]9 aif{ ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(#% df
cljl;lgofdfly O6nLn] xdnf u¥of] . cljl;lgofsf ;d|f6\ x]lnl;nf;L tTsfnLg
/fi6«;ª\3;dIf ljZjsf] g}lts ;dy{g dfUg hf“bf /fi6«;ª\3n] O6nLsf lj?4 s]xL ug{ rfx]g .
of] s'/f a}Ínf]/df /fhf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] yfxf kfP/ hfkfg uO{ Toxf“af6 UofF; df:s
lsg]/ cljl;lgof hfg'eof] . pxf“n] cfkm\gf] Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ w]/} cljl;lgofjf;Lsf] Hofg
arfpg d2t ug'{ePsf] lyof] ==== .
!)= d]rL c~rn emfkf lhNnf eb|k'/sf /0fs]z/ a'9fyf]sL cfkm\gf] o'jfj:yfdf hok[YjL;“u
a}Ënf]/df ;“u} a:bfsf] ;Demgf cfnf] kfb}{ eG5g\– ;g\ !(#* df d !( jif{sf] x'“bf a}Ënf]/ uP“
/ hok[YjL /fhfnfO{ e]6]/ pxf“;“u} sfd u/]“ . d Toxf“ a:bf ljZjsf ljleGg b]zsf ljåfg\x¿
Toxf“ cfp“y] . wfld{s cGwtf / ;}4flGts xf]8afhLnfO{ pgLx¿ kfun 3f]8fsf] bf}8 eGy] .
/fhf hok[YjLn] lj=;+= !((^ df dnfO{ snsQfsf] sfnL3f6df lnP/ hfg'eO{ bz/y rGb,
dx]Gb|laqmd zfx, wd{eQmx¿;“u e]6 u/fpg'eO{ dnfO{ pxf“x¿;“u} sfd ug'{ eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
lj=kL= sf]O/fnfsf lktf s[i0fk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ rGb|;D;]/sf] rfs8L gug'{ ef/t cfpg' pxf“
/fhfn] g} eg]sf] xf] . /fhf lqe"jgsf dfG5] klg a]nfa]nfdf ho ejgfdf e]6\g cfpGy] .
vf]Hg'kg]{ Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] hok[YjL /fhfn] Pp6f cfTdhLjgL n]Vg'ePsf] 5 .
pxf“n] n]v]sf ;of}+ 8fo/Lsf cfwf/df of] cfTdhLjgL tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] cfTdhLjgL
sl/a *)) k[i7sf] lyof], h;df g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, z}lIfs, /fhgLlts cj:yf
nufot g]kfnsf] ljsf; s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]b]lv lnP/ ljZjzflGtsf af/]df n]lvPsf]
 lyof] . /jLGb|gfy 6}uf]/sf] uf]N8g a's (Golden Book) gfds k':tsdf klg /fhf
hok[YjLsf af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . /jLGb|gfy 6}uf]/ klg dfgjtfjfbL Snasf ;b:o lyP .
hok[YjL /fhfsf] d[To'kl5 ef/tsf] lxGb' b}lgs nufotsf klqsfn] cfkm\gf] ;DkfbsLodf …bf];|f]
uf}tda'4sf] d[To'’ eg]/ 5fk]sf 5g\ .Æ ==.
!!= adf{sf] d]ldof]df hok[YjL;“u} a;]sf / xfn ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] l;4fy{ gu/kflnsf d}qLky j8f
g+=#÷#)) vh'l/ofdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf xs{Wjh /fO{ eGb5g\ – ;g\ !(#) df /fhf hok[YjL
adf{ cfpg'eof] / g]kfnL efiff :s"nsf] pb\3f6g ug'{eof] . Tof] :s"nsf] a:bf]a:t ldnfpg
To;eGbf klxn] b]j;d;]/sf dlxnf 5f]/f OGb|;d;]/nfO{ k7fpg'ePsf] lyof] . /fhf hok[YjL
d]ldof]df a:bf d pxf“sf] :ofxf/;';f/ uy]{“ / ;fydf hfGy]“ . d]ldof]df pxf“n] dfgjtfjfbL
Sna klg vf]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . adf{sf 7"n–7"nf dflg; af]nfP/ Plga];]G6 xndf cª\u|]hLdf
efif0f lbg'x'GYof] . pxf“n] lbPsf] efif0f ;'Gbf–;'Gb} xndf a;]sf dflg;x¿ efj's x'Gy], cem
sf]xL t ?Gy] klg . pxf“n] af]n]sf cª\u|]hL efif0fsf s'/f /ª\u'g ljZjljBfnosf k|f]km];/ xfd|}
g]kfnL cGt/l;+x If]qLn] a]n'sL xfdLnfO{ g]kfnLdf atfpg'x'GYof] . /fhf hok[YjLn] xfdL
g]kfnLx¿nfO{ dfq xf]Og, ad]{nLx¿nfO{ klg w]/} r]tgf hufpg'ePsf] lyof] . cem
g]kfnLx¿nfO{ t s'/f a'emfpg / l;sfpg w]/} hgf Ps} rf]l6 gaf]nfpg] ls %÷^ hgfsf
lx;fan] af]nfP/ s'/f ug'{x'GYof] . pxf“n] …cn adf{ g]klnh P;f]l;o;g’ klg vf]nfpg'ePsf]
lyof] . d;“u pxf“sf] kmf]6f] klg 5 . pxf“ adf{af6 ef/t kms]{kl5 rGbgl;+x 7fs'/ / v8\sl;+x
7fs'/dfkm{t b]x/fb"g / d]3fnoaf6 k|sflzt x'g] g]kfnL efiffdf 5flkg] klqsf adf{df k7fpg]
Joj:yf klg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
!@= ;g\ !(@( clk|n @@ sf lbg :jL6\h/NofG8sf] h]g]ef cjl:yt …nf;]n]bfO Py]G; xnÚdf
k|yd k|jrg lbPsf lyP . ;efsf] ;efkltTj cGt/f{li6«o zflGt ;+3 :jL6\h/NofG8sf lgb]{zs
Pr= uf]n]n] ug'{ ePsf] ;efdf 8f= Pn\=kmfa]|, 8f=lko/L aa]6,h]g]ef l6«Ao"gsf ;Dkfbs sf]D;
nufot :jL6\h/NofG8sf k|d'v JolQmx?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt lyof] .
!#= ;g\ !(@( d] ! df hd{gLsf] aln{gdf k|yd k|jrg lbPsf lyP . ldqf]r\ h];]n:sfkm\6sf
cWoIf 8f= n'8\lju l:6gsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] ;efdf aln{gsf a'l¢hLljx?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf
pkl:ylt lyof] .
!$= ;g\ !(@( d] ^ df Sal Gregur Obseen Dum Representatiohaus, Prague,
Cyacoslovakia df k|jrg . ;f] ;df/f]xdf Prof. Dr. Lesney n] ;efkltTj u|x0f ug'{
ePsf] lyof] .
!%= ;g\ !(@( d] !! df leogfsf] OG8l:6«;fp;df leogf ljZjljBfnosf k|f=8f= lu|u/sf]
;efkltTjdf ePsf] ;efdf k|jrg .
!^= ;g\ !(@( d] !$ df xË]/Lsf] a'8fk]:6df xË]/Log Snasf] tTjfjwfgdf l;l6 s]l;gf]df
k|jrg lbPsf] lyof] . h'g k|jrgnfO{ Dr. Vamberi n] xË]/Log efiffdf pNyf u/]sf lyP /
;f] ;efdf xË]/Log ;+;b ;b:ox?sf] ef/L pkl:ylt lyof] .
!&= ;g\ !(@( d] !* df Anglojugoslav Club II, Pezorira Ulica, Belgrade -a]nu]|8_ df
k|jrg .
!*= ;g\ !(@( d] @# df a'vf/]:6–/f]dflgofdf a'vf/]:6sf] Femme Casse df cfof]lht
;efdf dlxnf ;+3sL cWoIf /fhs'df/L sfGtf s'l;gf]sf] tkm{af6 ;+3sL ;lrjn] hok[YjLsf]
kl/ro lbPsL lyOg / hok[YjLsf] efif0f /f]dflgosf k//fi6« ljefun] v6fPsf bf]ef;]n] pNyf
u/]sf lyP .
!(= ;g\ !(@( h'g # df jf;f{–kf]nf08sf] Karmienica Duke′s Mansion df a'l¢hLjL
kl/ifbsf] tTjfjwfgdf cfof]lht ;efsf] cWoIftf Prof. Liebinski n] u/]sf lyP . kf]ln;
ljb]z ljefun] v6fPsf bf]ef;]n] efif0fnfO{ kf]ln; efiffdf cg'jfb u/]sf lyP .
@)=;g\ !(@( h'g # df ;f]leot ?; hfgsf lglDt jf;f{ l:yt ;f]leot /fhb"tdfkm{t cg'klt
kq dfu ubf{ glbPkl5 /fhb"t dfkm{t ;f]leot gful/ssf gfddf zflGt / ;dfgtf ;DjlGw
% k]h ;Gb]z k7fPsf lyP .
@!= ;g\ !(@( h'g & df hd{gLsf] jln{g l:yt Hotel Esplanade df League of Meera
Mundam n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;efsf] cWoIftf lnusf cWoIf Graff Bedandroff n] u/]sf
lyP . efif0fsf] pNyf jln{g ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofksn] u/]sf lyP .
@@=;g\ !(@( h'nfO @ df k|mfG;sf] /fhwfgL k]/L;sf] Sale des Fetes Du Grasns
Orient De France df k|jrg lbPsf lyP . ;f] ;efsf] ;efkltTj Dr. P. Charpy n]
u/]sf lyP .
@#= ;g\ !(@( h'nfO @# df cGt/f{li6«o zflGt ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf a]nfotL ;+;b ;ldltsIfdf
a]nfotsf ljleGg /fhgLlt bnx?sf g]tf ;lDdlnt ;efdf klxnf] k|jrg .
@$=;g\ !(@( h'nfO @% a[x:kltsflbg a]nfotsf] Caxton Hall df Three Fold Movement sf]
tTjfwfgdf cfof]lht ;efdf :yfoL ljZjzflGtsf] cfjZostf jf/] k|jrg . ;f] ;efdf Dr.
Annie Beasant, Mr. Cecil H. Wilson, Mr. Charles Frederick Weller, Kedar Nath Das
Gupta jQmf lyP / Sir Francis Young Husbnd n] ;efsf] ;efkltTj u/]sf lyP .
@%=;g\ !(@( h'nfO @% df la|l6; / cd]l/sg gful/sx?åf/f ;+:yfkg ul/Psf] ThreeFold
Movement n] Caxton Hall df cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf bf];|f] k|jrg .
@^= ;g\ !(@( ;]K6]Dj/ !& a}+Ënf]/df a[xt uf]i7L u/L o'/f]kdf ;“ufn]sf cg'ej b'O{ r/0fdf k|:t't
@&= ;g\ !(@( cS6'a/ @@ sf lbg a}+Ënf]/df a[xt uf]i7L u/L ljleGg ju{sf o'/f]kLonL hgtfsf]
tTsflng dgl:ylt / zflGtk|ltsf] ;sf/fTds tyfgsf/fTds wf/0ff k|:t't .
@*=hok[YjL tTsflng ljZj;d'bfodf Ps cfsif{s / s]Gb|Lo JolQmTjsf ¿kdf k|ltli7t lyP
eGg] s'/f cGt/f{li6«o kqklqsfn] klg pgsf] JolQmTjdfly k|sfz kf/L cfPsf 5g\, h;dWo]
s]xL c+zx¿M—
@(=;g\ !(## h'nfO{ @( sf] cÍdf ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfsf] …Go'of]s{ 6fOD;’ n] n]v]sf] 5–
…l;sfuf]df @& cu:tsf lbg pb\3f6g x'g] ljZj cf:yf d}qL;Dd]ngdf ;Daf]wg ug]{ ljleGg
JolQmx¿df Ps hgf g]kfnsf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x, hf] ;a} eGbf cfsif{0fsf JolQm x'g]5g\ .
pgL e"tk"j{ /fi6«klt xj6{ x'j/, Go'6g 8L= a]s/ tyf k|f]km];/ hf]g b]j]n] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
;Dd]ngdf efu lng o; Go'of]s{ ;x/df cfOk'u]sf 5g\ ======= .’
#)= ;g\ !(## h'nfO{ @( sf] cÍdf cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{af6 k|sflzt x'g] …OlelgË hg{n’ n] n]v]sf]
5– dfgjtfjfb eg]sf] Tof] l;¢fGt xf] h'g k|To]s JolQmn] kz'eGbf k[ys e} wd{sf] ?kdf
geP/ st{Josf] ?kdf cg'z/0f ug'{ kb{5 . of] s'/f] pgn] l;sfuf]df cfof]lht ljZj
;Dd]ngdf k|:yfg ug'{ cl3 xf]6n Go"of]s{df wf]if0ff u/] . ljZj e|ft[Tj dflysf] pgsf]
ljZjf;, h;n] k|flrg lxGb' wd{ hflt k|yfdf k|ltjGw nufp“5, ufGwL em} pgnfO{ klg v'nf
b'Mvdf Nofp“5, pgsf] /fhu2L dfq xf]O{g pgsf] efUo, ldq / Tof] efO{ h;sf] nflu pgn]
;g\ !(!$ df /fhu2L kl/Tofu u/] / pgsf] nflu tL x/fO{ ;s] .
#!= ;g\ !(## h'nfO{ @( sf] cÍdf …HERALD TRI CHICAGO′ n] n]v]sf] 5 la|l6; OlG8of /
ltAatsf aLr lxdfnsf] blIf0f df]x8fdf cjl:yt g]kfnsf /fHox? dWo] aemfª /fHosf /fhf
hok[YjLn] !(!$ df cfkm"nfO{ kl/Tofu u/L dfgjtfjfbsf] k|rf/sf nflu ljZj e|d0f ub}{
Go"of]s{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 ======== .
#@= ;g\ !(## cu:t @ sf] cÍdf cd]l/sfsf] Go'of]s{af6 k|sflzt x'g] …OlelgË hg{n’ n] n]v]sf]
5– æhok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x wdf{nDaL xf]Ogg\ t/ pgsf] cfkm\g} Pp6f bz{g 5, h;nfO{ pgL
dfgjtfjfb eGb5g\ . pgn] lxhf] ;f“em Go"of]s{ xf]6nsf] afb{nLdf a;]/ dlxnf / k'?if
kqsf/x¿sf] Ps ;d"xnfO{ tLg efudf ljeflht dfgjtfjfb gfds k':ts k9\g lbP . ;g\
!(!$ df /fHo kl/Tofu u/L blIf0f ef/ttkm{ nfu]sf /fhfn] dxfTdf ufGwL, cltof a]ud /
cGo ef/tLo ;dfh;]jLx¿nfO{ ldq agfP/ dfgjtfjfbL Sna :yfkgf u/L ;xcl:tTj /
e|ft[Tjsf] k|rf/ ug{df cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{¿kn] ;dlk{t u/]sf 5g\ . logn] oxf“ eg] æd]/f efO /
;';'/f dl;t ef]hg;Dd ub}{gg\ . d o'/f]k e|d0faf6 kms]{/ cfkm\gf] klxn]sf 3/df hf“bf dnfO{
3/leq k:g lbPgg\ / d Pp6f xf]6ndf af; a;L PSn} vfgf vfP“ . tkfO{x¿nfO{ yfxf 5 <
ltgLx¿sf gh/df d}n] d]/f] cf:yfn] ubf{ cfkm\gf] hft u'dfP“ . o; s'/faf6 tkfO{x¿ k|:6;“u
a'em\g ;Sg'x'G5 ls wfld{s c;lxi0f'tf s:tf] kfunkg /x]5 .Æ ljZjsf !@ j6f wd{sf
g]tfx¿, h;sf cg'ofoLx¿ Ps k6s k/:k/df t/af/ / v's'/Ln] n8fO“ ub{y], ut /ftL
l;sfuf]sf] d]l/;g xf]6ndf ljZjzflGtsf nflu asfnt ug{ hd36 eP . ljZjdfgjsf
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg wd{n] dfq ug{ ;Sb5 eGg] ltgLx¿sf pb\uf/ lyP t/ bfz{lgs /fhf
 hok[YjLn] æk|f0fb08 / k|ltaGw dfgjlj/f]wL s'/f x'g\ eg]/ lgGbf u/] . logn] “dflg; ;a}
Pp6} x'g\Æ eGg] d"n wf/0ffsf] cjnDag ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ ck|fs[lts / cg'bf/ pQ]hgf
cfWoflTds, g}lts / ef}lts sNof0fsf nflu xflgsf/s x'G5g\ . sfg'gL ¿kdf nfu" ul/g]
k|ltaGwn] uf]Ko HofbtLx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 . ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg sfg'geGbf lzIffåf/f
ug'{kb{5Æ eGg] dt pgn] /fv] . logn] ljZj cf:yf d}qL ;+;b\;fd' lbPsf] k|jrgn]
ljZjcf:yf d}qL;ª\3nfO{ hGd lbPsf] 5 === .
##=;g\ !(## cu:6 * df cd]l/sfsf] l;sfuf]df ljZjcf:yf d}qLåf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmddf
…dfgjTjsf] df}lns PsTj′ jf/] * j6f dxTjk"0f{ k|jrg lbPsf lyP .
#$=;g\ !(## cu:6 !! df lbgsf] @M#) jh] /fli6«o k|;f/0f sDkgL, l;sfuf] cd]l/sfaf6
cd]l/sL gful/sx?nfO{ …/]l8of] jQmJo′ .
#%=;g\ !(## cS6f]j/ @^ sf] cÍdf …hfkfg 6fOD;′n] n]v]sf] 5– æljlzi6 rl/q ePsf
hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x hfkfgsf] e|d0fsf nflu 6f]lsof] cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . logL Pp6f bfz{lgs /
n]vs x'g\ . cfkm\gf] ld;gsf] p2]Zo / ljZj Pstfsf nflu Pl;of Sna, 6f]lsof]df k|jrg
lb“b} logn] …dfgjtfjfbL Sna’ sf] wf/0ff ljZjel/ k|rf/–k|;f/ ul/of] eg] ljZjsf /fi6«x¿n]
cfkm\gf] ;}GozlQm / ;fd'Gb|Ls pks/0fdf ef/L /sd vr{ ug'{kg]{ 5}g / ljZjel/sf
gful/sx¿df ldqtfsf] efjgfafx]s c¿ s]xL x'g] 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] JofVof u/] ====.Æ
#^= ;g\ !(## gf]e]Da/ # df "Kumin" Tokyo Japan n] n]v]sf] 5– lxGb–g]kfnsf /fhf
h]=kL= jxfb'/ lzsfuf] o"=P;=P= af6 kms{bf oxf“ cfPsf x'g . pgn] cfk\mgf] k|jrg lbg]
sfo{qmdsf] lznlznfdf oxf“ cfO{ ljleGg Voflt k|fKt hfkflghx?nfO{ e]6] . pgn] /f]dg
lnlksf] ;§f ;+:s[t lnlksf] k|of]u x'g'k5{ eGg] ;'emfj lbP . pgn] O;fO{ wd{ /
pklgj]zjfbsf] k|rf/ Pl;of / clkm|sfdf x'g'sf] ;fy} kfZrfTo k|efjsf] sf/0f klg k|d'v x'g
eg] .
o:tf] l:yltdf Pp6f Plzog ;+3 x'g' h?/L 5 . ;a} /fi6«x?, To;df klg vf; u/L ;fgf
/fi6«x? / cNk ;+Vos ;d'bfon] t cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug}{ kb{5 . /fhf jxfb'/ l;+xn]
w]/} b]zx?sf] e|d0f ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . ===== .
#&= ;g\ !(## gf]e]Da/ $ zlgjf/sf] cÍdf …THE JAPAN ADVERTISER, TOKYO′
n] n]v]sf] 5– xfn;fn} oxf“ 6f]lsof]df k'Ug' ePsf] /fhf hok[YjLjxfb'/ l;+xn] 3f]if0ff ug'{
eof]– ;+:s[t :j/df dfq hfkfgL h:tf] nfUg] xf]Og, cf};t JolQmsf nflu n]Vg klg ;/n 5,
of] l;Sg s/La @ dlxgf hlt dfq rflxG5 . o;n] k|To]s hfkfgL cfjfhsf] k'g?Tkfbg ub{5 ,
:yfg / ;dosf] art x'G5, snd cyjf a|'zn] snfTds ?kdf n]Vg ;lsG5, cË|]hL cyjf
k|m]Grdf h:tf] n's]sf] cfjfh x'“b}g / hDdf $* j6f j0f{x?dfq o;df 5g\ .
 pgn] 3f]if0ff u/] ls hfkfgL kl/lw leq /f]dg cIf/x? cg'z/0f ug]{ k|of; c;kmn x'g
afWo 5, hjls jt{dfg hfkfgL efiffdf o:tf s}og /x:odo a0f{x? 5g\ ls ljBfyL{x?n]
cgfjZos ?kdf a9L d]xgt ug'{ kb{5 .
#*=;g\ !(## gf]e]Da/ % sf] cÍdf …hfkfg 6fOD;Ún] k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 – æhfkfg dfq xf]Og,
k"j{sf x/]s /fi6«n] Pp6} ;femf lnlk ckgfpg]5g\ eGg] cfzf /fv]sf] 5' eGb} /fhf
hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn] eg]– h;/L ;Dk"0f{ o'/f]k]nL d'n'sx¿n] /f]dg lnlk cg';/0f u/]sf 5g\,
To;/L g} xfdLn] ;femf lnlksf] cg';/0f ubf{ Ps–csf{sf efiffsf] cWoog ug{ k|f]T;flxt
ug]{5 / k"jL{o /fi6«x¿nfO{ kf/:kl/s ;dembf/L a9fpg] dfu{df v8f ePsf efiffut
cj/f]wx¿ x6fpgdf d2t ug]{5 ====.Æ
#(=;g\ !(## gf]e]Da/ !* sf] cÍdf …b gy{ rfOgf 8]nL Go'hÚn] n]v]sf] 5– æxfn ;fª\3fO{sf]
e|d0fdf cfpg'ePsf h]=kL= axfb'/ l;+xsf ljrf/sf] k|ToIf glthfaf6 cd]l/sfsf] l;sfuf]df
ut u|Liddf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljZjcf:yf d}qL;Dd]ngn] ljZjJofkL zflGtåf/f JolQmut ;'/Iff
sfod /fVg] p2]Zon] …cGt/f{li6«o ljZjcf:yf d}qL;+3’ sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . o;}sf nflu ;g\
!(!$ df cfkm\gf] /fhu2L kl/Tofu ug]{ g]kfnsf] aemfª /fHosf k"j{ /fhf ljZj:t 5g\ ls
wfld{s / /fhgLlts ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ljj]sk"0f{ ;xof]uåf/f dfq ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{
zflGt, ;'/Iff / ;'v k|fKt x'g ;S5 . ofqLn] lxhf] …b gy{ rfOgf 8]nL Go'h’ sf k|ltlglw;“usf]
e]6df eg]– æ;g\ !*(# df ;DkGg ePsf] klxnf] ljZjcf:yf d}qL;Dd]ngsf k|ltlglwx¿n] cf–
cfkm\gf wd{sf] dfq u'0fufg ufP/ d"n ¿kdf cfkm\g} wd{;“u ;DaGwLt lyP . t/ of] !(## sf]
;Dd]ngdf To;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt wd{nfO{ dfgj sNof0fsf nflu pkof]u ug]{ ePsf 5g\ .Æ
dfgjjfb pgsf] l;4fGt xf], h;n] cfkm\g} :jl0f{d ;kgfsf vflt/ /fhu2L / ;'v;'ljwf
kl/Tofu u/]sf lyP . lsgsL logL To;} lsl;dsf a'l4hLjL klg 5g\ . rLg, cd]l/sf /
ef/tsf dflg;x¿n] Pscsf{k|lt k/:k/df ;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ / o'lQm;Ít ;xof]u u/] eg]
lgMz:qLs/0fsf ;Ddn]gx¿ cgfjZos x'g]5g\ eGg] s'/fdf logL ljZj:t 5g\ . ;fª\3fO{
e|d0fdf /x]sf g]kfn /fHo aemfªsf e"tk"j{ /fhf h]=kL= axfb'/ l;+x cfh /ftL ljb]zL
jfO=Pd=;L=P= df k|jrg lbg]5g\, h'g k|jrg /ftL (M!% ah]b]lv /]l8of]af6 k|;f/0f x'g]5 .Æ==
$)=;g\ !(## gf]e]Da/ !( sf] cÍdf …rfOgf k|];Ún] k|sflzt u/]sf] 5– æhok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xn]
;fª\3fO{df Pp6f ;f/ule{t efif0f lbP, h;df logn] ljleGg /fi6«x¿aLr zflGt / ;'/Iff
k|a4{g ug{ ljZjdf g} Pp6f cfGbf]ng rnfpg'kg]{ s'/fsf] ;zQm jsfnt u/] ====.Æ
$!=;g\ !(## l8;]Da/ $ sf] cÍdf …b rfOgf k|];’ klqsfn] n]v]sf] 5– ærLg e|d0fdf cfPsf
g]kfnsf hok[YjLaxfb'/ km'lsg ljb|f]xdf dWo:ytf ug{ rfxG5g\ . logn] eg]– cvl08t rLg
x]g]{ d]/f] b[9 OR5f 5 . lxhf] ;f“em rfOgf k|];sf ;+jfbbftf;“usf] cGtjf{tf{df dGr'l/of /
rLgsf ;fy hfkfgL gLlt;DaGwL k|Zg ubf{ logn] sf]l/ofsf] pbf/x0f;lxt pQ/ lbP – ‘Pp6f
csf]{ ljZjo'4sf] ;Defjgf 5, h'g ;'b"/ k"j{af6 ;'? x'g ;S5, h;sf] sf/0f hfkfgn] l;h{gf
u/]sf] O{iof{ aGg ;S5 .’ ef/t / ufGwLsf af/]df ;f]4f logn] eg]– ufGwLn] ef/tsf nflu /fd|f]
 t u/]sf 5g\ / sfª\u|]; cfGbf]ngnfO{ d c:jLsf/ klg ulb{g\ t/ ufGwLsf] gful/s cj1f
cfGbf]ngsf] gLlt;“u d ;xdt 5}g lsgeg] dnfO{ nfU5, o;n] ef/tnfO{ PsLs/0f ug]{5}g .
;f]leot ;În] u/]sf] cgfqmd0f ;lGwnfO{ dxŒj lbg'x'G5 < eGg] k|Zg ;f]4f logn] eg]– d
cgfqmd0f ;lGwnfO{ dxŒj lbGg . ljZjzflGtsf] eljio ;Demf}tf / ;lGwx¿df lge{/ 5}g,
dflg;x¿sf] cfkm\g} dgdl:tisdf lge{/ 5 .Æ
$@= ;g\ !(## l8;]Da/ $ ;f]djf/sf] cÍdf …THE SANGHAI TIMES′ n] n]v]sf] 5–
o:tf] nfU5, /fhf h]=kL=jxfb'/ l;+x rLgsf ;fdlos ofqL x'g, h;n] ljZj zflGt k|flKtsf
nflu cfk"mnfO{ ;dlk{t ug{ cfk\mgf kb / ;'ljwfx? kl/Tofu u/]sf 5g\ . lxhf] ;f+3fOdf pgn]
gfgls / k'mlsgsf] cnufjjfbL ;/sf/sf aLrsf] ;d'kl:yt zq'tf cGt ug{ cfk\mgf] ;]jf
pknAw u/fp“g tof/ /x]sf] s'/fsf] 3f]if0ff u/] .
g]kfnsf k|fOldlgi6/ :j=dxf/fh zDz]/ h+usf] nflu b'O{ jif{ cuf8L n'r'cfg zfg lrof
lrlgof k|lts lnP/ g]kfn uPsf lrlgof /fhb"t rfËldËsf] ;xof]un] /fhf l;+xn] zflGtsf
nflu k|jrg >[+vnf k]z ug]{ of]hgf jgfPsf 5g\ . z'qmjf/ /ftL lrlgof jfO=Pd=l;=P= df
g]kfn / ltAatsf] ;DjGwdf klg Pp6f jQmJo lbg ;S5g\ . ===== /fhf l;+x xfn;fn}
lzsfuf]af6 kms]{sf x'g\ =======. lzsfuf]df s}og /fi6«sf k|ltlglwx?sf] lazfn ;efnfO{
;Daf]wg ubf{ /fhfn] ljZj zflGtsf] lziosf] ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ ;Ddfg x“fl;n u/] . ======
$#= ;g\ !(## l8;]Da/ @# sf] cÍdf …THE CEYLON OBSERVER′ n] n]v]sf] 5– /fhu2L kl/Tofu
kZrft /fhf h]=kL= jxfb'/ l;+xn] ljZjsf b'Mvx?sf] af/]df ;f]r]sf lyP / tL ljrf/x?nfO{
pgn] sfuhdf ptf/], h;n] ≈o"dflgHd gfds k':tssf 7]nLsf] ?k lnof] . oL k':tsx?df
pgn] dfgj hLjgsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx?nfO{ ;d]6\g] bz{g 3';f/]sf 5g\ .=========
$$= ;g\ !(#$ hgj/L !) sf] cÍdf …TIMES OF INDIA, BOMBAY′ n] n]v]sf] 5– d+unjf/ ;f“em k|fygf
;dfh xndf cfof]lht cfd;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ut ;]K6]Dj/ dlxgf lzsfuf]df ;DkGg ePsf]
bf];|f] ljZj wd{ ;Dd]ngdf efu lnP/ cfpg' ePsf ≈o"dflgli6s Sna a+unf]/sf ;+:yfks
cWoIf tyf g]kfnsf /fhf hok[YjL jxfb'/ l;+xn] To; ;+:yfsf] nfdf] cjlwe/ ePsf]
;Dd]ngsf] k|s[lt / sfo{ dfly k|sfz kfg'{ eof] . pxf“n] eGg' eof] ls, Tof] ;Dd]ngdf ;a}
/fi6« tyf d'n'sx?sf aLr ;b\efjgf / Pstfsf] efjgfsf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf tyf
dfgjLo si6x?sf] lgjf/0f ug'{kg]{ clgjfo{tf h:tf ljljw ljifox? dfly 5nkmn ul/of] . ==
$%=;g\ !(#$ l8;]Da/ @@ df …b laSnL’ aDa} klqsfdf …gf/Ljfb ljZjzflGtsf nflu gof“ cfzf’
ljifodf hok[YjLn] n]v]sf 5g\– æljZjdf zflGt ;Gb]z km}nfpg] l;nl;nfdf d}n] u/]sf
cg]sg ofqfx¿df d}n] ljleGg y/Lsf dflg;x¿sf] ;fdgf u/]“ . t/ dnfO{ lrlgofF slj No'p
Pg xf]Ësf] ljrf/eGbf a9L gof“ / df}lns c¿ s'g}n] k|efljt kf/]g, h;nfO{ d}n] ut jif{
;ª\3fO{ e|d0fsf] a]nf e]6\g] ;f}efUo kfPsf] lyP“ . kz' / dfgjhLjgsf b'j} lnËx¿sf k|j[lQsf]
ulx/f] cWoogkl5 sla xf]Ën] cfkm\gf ;f/f ts{nfO{ gf/L / k'?ifsf aLr slQ klg o'4 ePgg\,
gf/L / gf/Lsf aLr ;fdfGo emu8fx¿ dfq x'G5g\, k'?if–k'?ifsf aLr hxf“;'s} / hlxn] klg
 s}og 7"nf / 3fts o'4x¿ ePsf 5g\ eGg] ;"qdf 36fPsf 5g\ . logn] cfkm\gf] ts{nfO{ l;4
ub}{ eG5g\– o'4 k'?if k|s[ltsf] kl/0ffd xf] . pgL eGb5g\– efjL o'4sf] sNkgf ug'{xf];\, ha
o'4sf/L xltof/x¿ c¿ k"0f{tfsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug]5g\ . tkfO{ htftt} hLljt cfdfx¿,
alxgLx¿, 5f]/Lx¿ / ljwjfx¿sf s?0ffdo hLjgx¿ b]Vg'x'g]5 . pgL ;Nnfx lbG5g\
dflg;nfO{ hGd lbg] cfdfnfO{ ljZjzflGtsf] /Iffsf nflu clu|d :yfgdf /fv]df ;d:of
;lhn};“u ;dfwfg x'g]5 .Æ ===
$^= ;g\ !(#% k|m]j/L # df h]=kL= OlG:6Ro'6 /ª\u'g, adf{sf lgb]{zs p=nsfh]§fn] n]v]sf 5g\–
hok[YjLaf6 k|efljt eP/ /ª\u'gsf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x¿ OlG:6Ro'6sf] sfo{df lg::jfy{
of]ubfg lbg h'6]sf 5g\ . OlG:6Ro'6leq ;–;fgf afn–aflnsfx¿sf nflu Pp6f lzz'
kf7zfnf 5 . To;eGbf a9L pd/]sf nflu k|fylds kf7zfnf 5 . lgMz'Ns PDa'n]G; /
lrlsT;f ;]jf;DaGwL lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] Pp6f ljefu 5 . dfgjtfjfb;DaGwL lzIff lbg]
dfgjtfjfbL ;+:yf 5 . o; OlG:6Ro'6leqsf oL ljleGg ljefux¿ Ps–csf{af6 k"0f{ :jtGq
5g\ tfklg logsf] /]vb]v ug]{ Pp6f s]Gb|Lo lgsfo 5 .
$&=lj=;+= !((@ df3 #) ut] aif{ ! cÍ & df ef/tsf] d]3fnoaf6 k|sflzt …uf]/vf ;]js’ gfds
klqsfn] n]v]sf] 5– æ8f“saf6 va/ cfof] ls g]kfnsf hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x o; a]nf
cljl;lgofdf x'g'x'G5 . tLafx]s Pl;ofsf cGo s'g} JolQm xA;Lx¿sf] b]z cljl;lgofdf 5}gg\ .
o;eGbf klxn] pxf“ hfkfgdf x'g'x'GYof] . O6nL / cjl;lgofsf] n8fO“ ;'? x'gf;fy pxf“ oxf“
cfpg'ePsf] 5 . xAzLx¿k|lt pxf“sf] 7"nf] ;xfg'e"lt 5 . hfkfgaf6 @ hgf 8fS6/ / $ hgf
g;{ klg af]nfpg'ePsf] 5 . h;/L eP klg cljl;lgofaf;Lx¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ pxf“n] ;ÍNk
ug'{ePsf] 5 .Æ
o;/L g]kfnsf Ps dxfk'?if, h;n] k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf klg cfkm\gf] ljrf/ lbP, h;n]
dflg; o; sf/0fn] dxfg\ / ;dfg xf] eg]/ lrGtg lbP . hltv]/ ;f/f dflg;n] lhpwg
;/sf/L eg]/ em'Sg'kYof]{, To; a]nf dflg;n] dflg; eP/ o;/L af“Rg kfpg'k5{ eg]/ l;sfpg]
Ps g]kfnLsf] pbo ePsf] lyof], h;n] dfG5]sf] dxŒj af]w u/fO ljZjcf:yf d}qL;+3, /]8qm;
/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3h:tf ljZj ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{ k|]l/t u/]sf lyP .
dfgjjfb dfgj;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfgsf] k|d'v ;fwgsf ¿kdf ;dlk{t Ps bz{g xf] . o;n]
;ÍNkjfb / efUojfbdf ljZjf; ub}{g . o;sf] k|d'v Wofgfsif{0f dfG5]sf nflu, p;sf]
Ifdtfa[l4sf nflu, p;sf] cfk"lt{sf nflu, lgdf{0fsf nflu / p;sf sfo{df ;+j]bgzLn x'gsf
nflu xf] . dfgjjfbLx¿ 8/sf] cFWof/f]df dfq xf]Og, ts{sf] pHofnf]df k|To]s lrhsf] k/LIf0f
u/]/ dfG5]sf] dfof / /]vb]v dfG5]n] g} ub{5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5g\ .
jf:tjdf dfgj;Eotfsf] aLh g} ljrf/ xf] . Ps k6s ;To ljrf/sf] aLhf/f]k0f ePdf
cjZo klg cª\s'l/t x'G5, kNnljt x'G5 / k'likt x'G5 . clg ;Rrf dfgj klg ToxL xf],
h;n] :jtGq ¿kn] v';Lsf ;fy k|ultd'vL lgodx¿sf] ;xL kfngf ub{5 .
 lrGtg, Tofu / sd{of]usf PsLs[t k|ltd"lt{ hok[YjLn] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ /fh;L
;'v;onnfO{ t[0fut 7fgL dfgjdfqsf] ;'v, v';L, ;d[l¢ / zflGtsf nflu dfgjtfjfbnfO{
ljZj dfgjdfqsf dg, d'6' / dl:tis;Dd k'¥ofpg u/]sf] k|of; g]kfnsf nflu uf}/jsf]
ljifo xf] .
cfh klg xltof/sf] xf]8afhLaf6 cfqmfGt ljZjdfgj;dfhnfO{ lgMz:qLs/0f,
;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ / o'lQm;Ët ;xof]u cfjZos 5 . dfgjhflts} Psgf;sf] ljsf;
cfjZos 5 . k|To]s gful/ssf] ;f]rfOdf zflGtsf] cEof; x'g' cfjZos 5 . k|To]s
gful/sn] zflGtnfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjgk4lt agfpg' cfjZos 5 . cfkm\gf] hLjgdf cfbz{
Pstf, ;xof]u / ;b\efjgfdf abNg' cfjZos 5 . ljleGg ju{sf aLr :jR5 ;dembf/L /
;xfg'e"lt h'6fpg' cfjZos 5 . dflg;sf efjgf / afgLn] ;x–cl:tTj l:jsfg'{ cfjZos 5,
;x–cl:tTjaf6 dfq Pstf x'G5, Pstfdf dfq zflGt x'G5 / zflGtdf dfq ;'v k|fKt x'G5
eGg] s'/f x/]s dflg;n] l:jsfg'{ cfjZos 5, h;sf nflu dfgjtfjfbsf] cWoog clt
cfjZos 5 .
bz{g eGg' dflg;nfO{ ;fwf/0faf6 ljlzi6tfdf k'¥ofpg] Ps lzIff xf], h;n] ts{;Ít
cWoog u/L dfgj;dfhsf] lxtsf lglDt hLjg / hut\sf] laZn]if0f ub{5 . To;}n] bz{g
dflg;sf] lrGtg, Jojxf/, ultljlw tyf ;du| hLjgsf af/]df cWoog ug]{–u/fpg] zf:q
ePsfn] dfgjjfbL hok[YjLn] dfgjjfb g]kfnL df6f]leq} vf]h] . g]kfnL ufp“a:tLleq} vf]h] .
g]kfnL e'mk|f–emf]k8L / dxnleq} vf]h] . g]kfnL gfËf / ef]sf cg'xf/leq} vf]h] . g]kfnL
cfdfsf] df}lns ¿kleq} vf]h] / dfgjdfqsf] cGtd{gdf cfkm\gf] bz{gnfO{ vf]h]sf lyP .
pgsf] of] sfo{ tTsfnLg g]kfnL ;dfhsf nflu dfq geO{ ljZj ;dfhsf nflu g}
ce"tk"j{ / rfdTsfl/s lyof] . kl/jt{gsf/Lx¿sf nflu g kb rflxG5, g /fHo;Qf g} eGg]
s'/fdf logsf] ljZjf; lyof] . logn] cfkm\gf] pd]/, cg'ej / cWoogsf] kl/kSjtf;“u}
dfgjjfbL b[li6sf]0f agfP/ ljZjzflGt cleofgdf h'6]sf lyP .
dfgjjfb s] xf] <
cfTdz'l¢sf] bLw{sfnLg cEof;n] dg dfly lgoGq0f k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . k|To]s dflg;
o;sf nflu ;dy{ 5 / p;n] o;nfO{ j]jf:tf klg ug'{ x'“b}g . hLjgsf] o; k|sf/sf] cEof;n]
dfgjtfsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 / To;}tkm{ cu|;/ x'g pTk]|l/t ub{5 h'g kz'Tjaf6 w]/} 6f9f xl6;s]sf]
:jod\ b]j t'No pRr dfgjtf xf] . kfzljstfaf6 ljsl;t / kl/is[t eP/ g} dg'ioTjdf k|fKt
x'G5 / dg'ioTjaf6 dfly p7]sf] / OlGb|o lht]sf] cj:yf g} b]jTj xf] . dflg; :jod\ O{Zj/ xf]
vf“rf] 5 s]jn pb\af]wg / cleJoQm x'g] cj;/sf] .
Clifd'lgx? b]j—dg'io x'g\ h;n] :j k|oTg / :j cg'zf;g}f/f cfk"mleq O{:j/Tjsf]
cg'e"lt k|fKt u/]sf] x'G5g\ .
 ljlwk"j{s ;+:yflkt ;+:yf}f/f lbOPsf] s'nLg lzIff jf :j;+:sf/}f/f cflh{t lzIff
dfgjtfjfbsf dfu{x? dWo] Pp6f xf], t/ To;/L k|bfg ul/Psf] jf k|fKt ;+:sf/n] a| ºdf08sf]
df}lns PsTjsf] 1fg k|flKttkm{ cl3 a9fp“5, kmn:j?k To;n] cfkm\gf] :jfledfg / l;¢fGtsf]
>]i7tfdf c8]sf] To:tf] ljBfyL{ jf lj}fg\sf] lrQnfO{ zf]wg ul/lbG5 . kljq g}lts d"Nox?,
wfld{s l;¢fGtx? / p;sf cfkm\gf ;dfhsf rfn rng /Lltl/jfhx? tyf Toxf“sf sfg"gsf]
kl/kfngn] klg ToxL g} clei6 uGtJolt/ 8f]¥ofp“5, t/ p;n] o;s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ ls
o;n] ub}{df p;nfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] s§/ jf wdf{Gw gagfcf];\ .
c?k|lt ;lxi0f' aGg', ;To ;Gwfgsf] dfu{df nfUg', ;a}df ;Rrf ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpg',
k|ltkmnsf] s'g} cfzf g/fvL c?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /xg' cflb h:tf s'/fx? g} dfgjtfjfbsf
jf:tljs ;fwg x'G5 . pgLx? :jfy{ g/fvL sd{ u5{g, t6:y eP/ af]Nb5g\ / ;a}sf] enf] dfq
lrtfp“5g\ . pgLx?df b'Mv j]bgf eGg] x'“b}g, cfk"m / af“sL ;d:t ;+;f/aLr ;dtfsf] efj}f/f
cfk\mgf] dgnfO{ crn -l:y/ b[9_ agfPsf x'G5g\ . pgLx?df 5'b| efjgf p7\b}g g t 5'b| :jfy{kl§
g} lrQ hfG5 . pgLx? dflg;x? dWo]df >]i7 dfu{ lgb]{zs g]tf ag]/ lx“8\8"n ub{5g\, ;a}af6
ckgTj / dof{bf k|fKt ub{5g\ . ;fdflhs snx em}—emu8fn] pgLx?nfO{ 5'b}g . ;f+;fl/s ;DklQ
dxTjxLg aGb5 . pgLx?df ;Gtf]if / ;'v 5 lsgsL pgLx? cfkm\gf lgldQ eg]/ hlt af“R5g\
Tolt g} c?sf lgldQ af“Rb5g\ . zf/Ll/s b'Mvsf] pgLx? k|jf{x ub}{gg\ . pgLx?sf z/L/n] b'Mv
kfpg] eof] eg] To; b'Mvsf sf/0fx?sf lj?¢ pgLx?sf] dg bx|f] eP/ pleG5 .
b'Mv :jo+ dflg;s} sf/0faf6 k}bf x'g] rLh xf] / of] ;+;f/nfO{ x]g]{ unt b[li6sf]0f / sfd
sfjf{xL u/fOsf] unt tl/sfaf6 k}bf x'g] ub{5 . o;sf] Pp6} dfq cf}ifwL dfgjtf xf] . o;n]
;dfhsf ;—;fgf em}—emu8f / t“5f8—d5f8af6 kSs} klg dflg;nfO{ hf]ufp“5 / z/L/df k}bf
x'g] kL8fsf ;Dk"0f{ sf/0fx?sf] lg/fs/0f u/L To;af6 dfly p7fOlbG5 . o;sf] cg'kfngn]
dflg; ;'vL x'G5 .c? s'/fx?sf] pknAwtf jf ;ª\u|xn] eGbf cfkm\g} dg dflysf] ljho /
z'l¢s/0f clg cfkm"df / c?df pxL / Pp6} ;dfg r]tgf k"~h x'G5 eGg] ljZj b[li6sf]0fn]
dflg; v'zL x'G5 . Tof] PsTjsf] cg'e"ltdf jf:tljs v'zL k|fKt x'G5 t/ Psnsf“6] efjgfn] k}bf
ug]{ v'zL cGTodf kL8fbfoL x'G5 . dflg;sf] cfkm\g} lbdfudf To;sf] ;fwg x'G5 / p;n]
;ª\sNksf ;fy lj:tf/} lj:tf/} ub}{ uPdf cfkm" / c?nfO{ klg jf:tljs v'zL k|bfg ug{ ;S5 .
tj g} ;+;f/ Pp6f ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ x'g]5 o'¢sf] ;+;f/ xf]Og, 3[0ffsf] ;+;f/ xf]Og, k]|dsf] ;+;f/ x'g]5,
ljefhgsf] xf]Og, cfk;L d]nldnfksf] Pp6fsf] csf]{ aGw'Tj x'g]5 / k|To]sn] cfkm\gf] zlQm /
;DklQsf] xb};Ddsf] ljsf; ug]{ 5 / To;nfO{ cfkm" / c?sf ljleGg k|of]udf NofP/ l9n} lsg
gxf];\ ;a}n] lgZro g} pGglt k|ult ug]{ 5g\ . ;+;f/ a:gsf nflu of]Uo :yfg x'g]5 / dfgjtf
kz'Tjaf6 x6]/ ;Rrf O{:j/ aGg] 5 . sf]dn / ljgozLn ag]/ hfHjNodfg eO{ rDsg]5 .
x/]ssf cGtd{gaf6 lazfn zflGtsf] Hof]lt emNemnfsf/ eP/ k|sflzt x'g]5 .
ldgjxfb'/ l;+x cWoIf, Xo"dflgHd P08 hok[YjL kmfp08]zg, sf7df8f}+
;Dks{M (*$!%$%#^% [email protected]