Swra 522 e
Swra 522 e
Swra 522 e
ABSTRACT
This application report describes a combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode patch for the CC13xx
SimpleLink™ Sub-1 GHz ultra-low power wireless microcontroller.
Recommended register settings discussed in this application report can be downloaded from
http://www.ti.com/lit/zip/SWRA522.
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2
2 Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode Patch ......................................................................... 2
2.1 RX..................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 TX ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Recommended Operating Limits ................................................................................. 3
2.4 Configuration and Status Registers .............................................................................. 4
3 Building a Software Example ............................................................................................... 5
4 C-Mode Measurement Summary .......................................................................................... 7
4.1 Sensitivity vs Frequency Deviation ............................................................................... 7
4.2 C-Mode Blocking .................................................................................................... 8
4.3 PER versus Input Power Level ................................................................................... 8
4.4 PER versus Frequency Offset ................................................................................... 10
5 T-Mode Measurement Summary ......................................................................................... 11
5.1 Sensitivity versus Frequency Deviation ........................................................................ 11
5.2 Sensitivity versus Data Rate Offset ............................................................................. 11
5.3 T-Mode Blocking .................................................................................................. 11
5.4 PER versus Input Power Level .................................................................................. 11
5.5 PER versus Frequency Offset ................................................................................... 14
5.6 PER versus Symbol Rate Offset ................................................................................ 16
6 References .................................................................................................................. 17
Trademarks
SimpleLink, SmartRF are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode 1
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Introduction www.ti.com
1 Introduction
This application note provides a brief description of the patch, relevant status and configuration registers,
and required overrides. The performance figures for the CC1310 device when using the patch are
included in Section 4 and Section 5.
All measurements were performed on the CC13xxEM-7793_4L reference design [1].
Measurements show that the CC13xx device meets EN13757-4:2012 [2] specifications with margin.
2.1 RX
The wM-Bus T-Mode and C-Mode patch can receive both T-Mode and C-Mode packets.
For C-Mode, the first 16 chips of the sync word (=0x543D) are equal to the preamble and sync word of
T-Mode. The next 8 chips in C-Mode are the bit pattern 01010100. This pattern will never occur in a
3-out-of-6 encoded T-Mode frame.
When the CC1310 wakes up into RX, it will start to search for a valid sync word (=0x543D). Because it is
not known whether it is a T-Mode or a C-Mode packet, 8 chips following the sync word will also be
checked.
• If 01010100 is not detected, a T-Mode packet will be received and the patch will handle the 3-out-of-6
decoding. No CRC check is done by the patch. Automatic CC1310 CRC check must be disabled. CRC
check must be handled by the application software.
• If 01010100 is detected, a C-Mode packet will be received. The patch automatically removes the
01010100 signaling byte. No CRC check is done by the patch. Automatic CC1310 CRC check must be
disabled. CRC check must be handled by the application software.
After setting the CC13xx device into RX, a search for valid sync word will only take place if one of the
following conditions is fulfilled:
• (16 bit preamble detection with 0 bit errors) && CS
• (12 bit preamble detection with up to 2 bit errors) && CS over 20 symbols.
The carrier sense (CS) threshold is set to –107 dBm. In an environment with a noise floor above –107
dBm, it is advantageous to increase the CS threshold to reduce the likelihood of processing a false
packet. If the CC13xx device is preoccupied processing a false packet, there is a finite possibility that a
true packet will be missed.
The CS threshold is set by bits [7–0] in register 0x400 4609 (see Table 1).
As an example, the following register write sets the carrier sense threshold to –107 dBm:
HW_REG_OVERRIDE (0x6090, 0x0A95)
Increasing the carrier threshold to –104 dBm (for example) gives HW_REG_OVERRIDE (0x6090,
0x0A98).
2 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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www.ti.com Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode Patch
2.2 TX
The wM-Bus T-Mode and C-Mode patch can transmit both T-Mode and C-Mode packets.
• In T-Mode, the patch does the 3-out-of-6 encoding of data.
• In C-Mode, the patch automatically inserts 01010100 signaling byte after the preamble and sync word.
The patch does not do any encoding of data in C-Mode.
• Automatic CC1310 CRC calculation must be disabled. CRC calculation must be handled by the
application software.
wM-Bus must be run with wM-Bus T-Mode and C-Mode MCE patch and may run RFE from ROM.
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Three of the 50-kbps, 2-GFSK radio register settings from SmartRF Studio must be changed (see
Table 4).
This register can only be changed through static overrides of the following format:
HW_REG_OVERRIDE(0x52B4, 0xXXXX)
4 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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www.ti.com Building a Software Example
NOTE: When using the rfPacketRX/TX examples, the correct packet format will not be transmitted
(with respect to CRC and length information).
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The example and settings use variable packet-length mode and the default CRC from the CC13xx device,
so the packets sent will appear as shown in Figure 1.
«T-Mode»
4 Bytes Preamble 2 Bytes Sync
CC13xx 1 Length Byte
0x55555555 0x543D
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 x x x x x x x x
=
10 Bits Sync
wM-Bus Preamble (19 x 01)
0000111101
«C-Mode»
Frame A
4 Bytes Preamble 2 Bytes Sync Signaling Byte
CC13xx 1 Length Byte
0x55555555 0x543D 0x54
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x
•
32 Bits Sync
wM-Bus Preamble (16 x 01)
0x543D54CD
«C-Mode»
Frame B
4 Bytes Preamble 2 Bytes Sync Signaling Byte
CC13xx 1 Length Byte
0x55555555 0x543D 0x54
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x
•
32 Bits Sync
wM-Bus Preamble (16 x 01)
0x543D543D
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Figure 1. Packets Sent When Using rfPacketTx (Not Showing Payload and CRC)
The receiver will be set up to look for a 2-byte sync word (0x543D) and then to interpret the next byte
received as the length byte.
Figure 1 shows that for C-Mode packets, the CC13xx device will not send the last byte of the sync word
(the byte containing info regarding frame format [A or B]).
To make an example that uses the correct packet format, the following actions must be taken:
TX:
In TX mode, the user should use fixed packet length and disable CRC. For T-Mode, the length info should
be the first byte, while for C-Mode, the byte containing the frame format information should be the first
byte and the length byte should be the second byte (see Figure 2).
«T-Mode»
4 Bytes Preamble 2 Bytes Sync Payload
CC13xx 0x55555555 0x543D Length Byte + rest of packet
010101010101010101010101010101010101010000111101x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
=
10 Bits Sync
wM-Bus Preamble (19 x 01)
0000111101
«C-Mode»
Frame A
4 Bytes Preamble 2 Bytes Sync Signaling Payload
CC13xx
0x55555555 0x543D Byte 0x54 0xCD + Length Byte + rest of packet
0101010101010101010101010101010101010100001111010101010011001101x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
•
wM-Bus 32 Bits Sync
Preamble (16 x 01)
0x543D54CD
«C-Mode»
Frame B
CC13xx 4 Bytes Preamble 2 Bytes Sync Signaling Payload
0x55555555 0x543D Byte 0x54 0x3D + Length Byte + rest of packet
0101010101010101010101010101 •010101010100001111010101010000111101x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
wM-Bus 32 Bits Sync
Preamble (16 x 01)
0x543D543D
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6 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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RX:
Because the patch is supporting both C-Mode and T-Mode and the receiver is unaware which packets will
be received, the receiver is only searching for a 16-bit sync word (0x543D) because this is common for
both modes. If a T-Mode packet is received, the length information will be the first byte the RF Core writes
to the data entry used to store the received packet. If a C-Mode packet is received, the byte containing the
frame format information is the first byte put in the data entry and the length byte is the second byte (the
signaling byte is removed by the patch). This means that it is not possible to configure the radio in variable
packet length mode because the length information is located at different byte indexes with respect to the
16-bit sync word. Fixed packet length cannot be used either because the length is not known by the
receiver.
The solution is to configure the receiver for unlimited length and then use the CMD_PROP_SET_LEN to
set the proper length after the length information has been received.
NOTE: When using unlimited length mode, partial read entries must be used.
Pseudo Code:
Use the following steps for pseudo code:
1. Enter RX and wait for the Rx_N_Data_Written interrupt.
2. When interrupt is received, read RxPacketType (see Table 6) to determine if the packet is T-Mode or
C-Mode.
3. If T-Mode, interpret the first byte in the entry as the length byte.
4. If C-Mode, interpret the second byte as the length byte.
5. Use the length information to set the proper length using CMD_PROP_SET_LEN.
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C-Mode Measurement Summary www.ti.com
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Input Power Level (dBm) D002
Figure 3. C-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, 4-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation
8 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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Figure 4. C-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, 5-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Input Power Level (dBm) D004
Figure 5. C-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, 6-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Input Power Level (dBm) D005
Figure 6. C-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, 10-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation
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Figure 7. C-Mode 100 kbps, ±45 kHz, 10-Byte Payload Figure 8. C-Mode 100 kbps, ±33.75 kHz, 10-Byte Payload
10 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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Table 10. T-Mode Typical 1% BER Sensitivity (55% PER, 10-Byte Payload)
Frequency [MHz] Typical Sensitivity [dBm] Chip Rate [kcps]
–105.2 90
868.95 –105.0 100 (nominal)
–104.6 110
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100 100
Nominal Nominal
90 90
Maximum Deviation Maximum Deviation
80 Minimum Deviation 80 Minimum Deviation
Packet Error Rate (%)
Figure 10. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, Figure 11. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level,
4-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload. 4-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Data Rate
100 100
Nominal Nominal
90 90
Maximum Deviation Maximum Deviation
80 Minimum Deviation 80 Minimum Deviation
Packet Error Rate (%)
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
-10 -10
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Input Power Level (dBm) D012
Input Power Level (dBm) D013
Figure 12. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, Figure 13. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level,
5-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload. 5-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Data Rate
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100 100
Nominal Nominal
90 90
Maximum Deviation Maximum Deviation
80 Minimum Deviation 80 Minimum Deviation
Packet Error Rate (%)
Figure 14. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, Figure 15. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level,
6-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload. 6-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Data Rate
100 100
Nominal Nominal
90 90
Maximum Deviation Maximum Deviation
80 Minimum Deviation 80 Minimum Deviation
Packet Error Rate (%)
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
-10 -10
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20
Input Power Level (dBm) D016
Input Power Level (dBm) D017
Figure 16. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level, Figure 17. T-Mode PER vs Input Power Level,
10-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload. 10-Byte Preamble, 10-Byte Payload.
Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Deviation Nominal, Minimum, and Maximum Data Rate
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Figure 18. T-Mode 100 kcps, ±50 kHz, 10-Byte Payload Figure 19. T-Mode 100 kcps, ±40 kHz, 10-Byte Payload
Figure 20. T-Mode 100 kcps, ±80 kHz, 10-Byte Payload Figure 21. T-Mode 90 kcps, ±50 kHz, 10-Byte Payload
14 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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www.ti.com T-Mode Measurement Summary
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Figure 23. T-Mode ±50 kHz, 10-Byte Payload Figure 24. T-Mode ±40 kHz, 10-Byte Payload
16 CC13xx Combined wM-Bus C-Mode and T-Mode SWRA522E – June 2016 – Revised October 2018
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www.ti.com References
6 References
See the following resources for more information:
1. Texas Instruments, CC13xxEM-7793_4L, Reference Design
2. European Standard, EN 13757-4:2012: Communication System for Meters and Remote Reading of
Meters
3. Texas Instruments, http://www.ti.com/lit/zip/SWRA522 (.zip file with recommended settings and
overrides)
4. Texas Instruments, SmartRF Studio 7
5. Texas Instruments, SimpleLink CC13x0 Software Development Kit
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Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from December 20, 2016 to March 31, 2017 .................................................................................................... Page
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