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Differences between Theoretical and

Conceptual Framework
Introduction
Differences between Conceptual and Theoretical Framework.
Whether or not ‘theoretical’ and ‘conceptual’ frameworks are conceptual synonyms, or they
are different. Generally, a lot of literature uses these two terms interchangeably –
suggesting that they are conceptually equivalent. This session focuses on this debate and
assesses how they may be different, similar, or complementary.
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

It is not controversial to state that three people coming from different walks of life, watching
the same event, are likely to come up with different interpretations of that event.
Certainly, de-pending on “the spectacles” each one of them is “wearing” in viewing the
event, they would each have a different “view” of the event.
Each person’s view-point, or point of reference, is his/her conceptual or theoretical
framework.
In essence, the conceptual or theoretical framework is the soul of every research project. It
determines how a given researcher formulates his/her research problem – and how s/he
goes about investigating the problem, and what meaning s/he attaches to the data accruing
from such an investigation.
Theoretical Framework
 Theoretical Framework: A theoretical framework refers to the theory that a
researcher chooses to guide him/her in his/her research.
 Thus, a theoretical framework is the application of a theory, or a set of concepts
drawn from one and the same theory, to offer an explanation of an event, or shed
some light on a particular phenomenon or research problem.
 This could refer to, for instance, the Job Demand and Resources Model, that could
be applied to a given research problem, deductively.
Conceptual Framework
 On the other hand, a researcher may opine that his/her research problem cannot
meaningfully be researched in reference to only one theory, or concepts resident
within one theory.
 In such cases, the researcher may have to “synthesize” the existing views in the
literature concerning a given situation – both theoretical and from empirical findings.
 The synthesis may be called a model or conceptual framework, which essentially
represents an ‘integrated’ way of looking at the problem (Liehr and Smith 1999).
 Such a model could then be used in place of a theoretical framework. Thus, a
conceptual framework may be defined as an end result of bringing together a
number of related concepts to explain or predict a given event, or give a broader
understanding of the phenomenon of interest – or simply, of a research problem.
 The process of arriving at a conceptual framework is akin to an inductive process
whereby small individual pieces (in this case, concepts) are joined together to tell a
bigger map of possible relationships.
 Thus, a conceptual framework is derived from concepts, in-so-far as a theoretical
framework is derived from a theory.
Another Viewpoint
 Theoretical framework in a study is based on an existing theory or theories (e.g.,
a theory of motivation/). The conceptual framework, on the other
hand, is something you can develop yourself based on this theory.
 A Theoretical Framework can have multiple theories.
 A conceptual framework emerges from concepts drawn from adopted theories and
empirical studies.
 For instance Knowledge Based View, Stakeholder Theory, LMX Theory, or Resource
Based Theory.
 Both Concepts are Complimentary to each other.
 Theoretical Framework is more general/Broad while the conceptual framework is
more specific.
 The conceptual framework presents the overall structure of the study, and the
theoretical frame-work within it explains the relationships that are explored within the
study (Ravitch and Riggan, 2017).
Video Tutorial: Understand Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Additional Literature Review Resources
 A Practical Example of Writing and Formatting the Literature Review
 From Literature to Research Problem, Objectives and Questions
 How to Avoid Plagiarism?
 How to Develop relationship between variables using a theory?
 How to Read a Research Paper and Store Critical Information
 How to Use Google Scholar for Literature Review
 How to Use QDA Miner Lite for Searching Literature
 How to Use Scholarcy and Google Tall to Books to Extract Literature
 How to Write the Literature Review
 Using Mendeley for Literature Search
Confused?
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Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

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