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    This document outlines an assignment with questions about asteroids, exoplanets, and Kepler's laws. It includes details about asteroid Ryugu and its orbit, the TRAPPIST-1 system of exoplanets, and orbital elements of two planets around star HD 168443.

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    This document outlines an assignment with questions about asteroids, exoplanets, and Kepler's laws. It includes details about asteroid Ryugu and its orbit, the TRAPPIST-1 system of exoplanets, and orbital elements of two planets around star HD 168443.

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    This document outlines an assignment with questions about asteroids, exoplanets, and Kepler's laws. It includes details about asteroid Ryugu and its orbit, the TRAPPIST-1 system of exoplanets, and orbital elements of two planets around star HD 168443.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Assign 2

    Uploaded by

    Fuck Niggers
    This document outlines an assignment with questions about asteroids, exoplanets, and Kepler's laws. It includes details about asteroid Ryugu and its orbit, the TRAPPIST-1 system of exoplanets, and orbital elements of two planets around star HD 168443.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    ASTR200 Winter Term 1 Assignment 2, 30 marks

    Due 12:00 pm noon PDT on Sept. 24, 2021, in Gradescope.

    Your answers must be clearly explained and neatly presented, or marks will be deducted.

    1. Asteroid Ryugu.
    162173 Ryugu (or Ryugu for short) is a near-Earth object and classified as a potentially
    hazardous object. In December 2020, the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa2 returned
    dust samples collected from Ryugu, after spending more than a year on the asteroid
    (it deployed the first rovers to operate on an asteroid, and only the second time that
    samples from an asteroid have been returned to Earth!). Let’s consider the orbit of
    Ryugu in detail.
    The orbital period of Ryugu is 1.30 years and its orbital eccentricity is 0.1902.

    (a) What is the semi-major axis of Ryugu’s orbit around the Sun?

    (b) Use the orbital data of Ryugu to estimate the mass of the Sun.

    (c) Calculate the distance of Ryugu from the Sun at perihelion and at aphelion.

    (d) Determine the orbital speed of the Ryugu when at perihelion and at aphelion.

    (e) A hypothetical mission is planned to adjust Ryugu’s orbit to reduce the risk of
    its impact on Earth. The new orbit will be a circular orbit around the Sun at
    0.8 au instead (between Venus and the Earth). What is the Ryugu’s new orbital
    period around the Sun?
    2. Kepler’s 3rd law in an exoplanetary system.
    In 2017, NASA announced the discovery of Earth-sized planets within the habitable
    zone of the TRAPPIST-1 star. This table’s data shows the orbital data for the 7 known
    planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system:

    Planet Orbital Period P (days) Orbital radius a (au)


    1b 1.510826 0.01154
    1c 2.421937 0.01580
    1d 4.049219 0.02227
    1e 6.101013 0.02925
    1f 9.207540 0.03849
    1g 12.352446 0.04683
    1h 18.772866 0.06189

    (a) Plot log10 P vs. log10 a, with the distances in metres and the periods in seconds
    (i.e., MKS units). You may use graph paper or a plotting program.

    (b) Show that the slope of a straight line through the data is 3/2.

    (c) Calculate the mass of the TRAPPIST-1 star from the value of the y-intercept of
    your graph.

    2
    3. Kepler’s equation.
    The star HD 168443 is orbited by two planets. Planet b has an orbital semi-major
    axis of ab = 0.2391 au, an orbital period of Pb = 58.112 days, orbital eccentricity of
    eb = 0.529, and longitude of periastron of ωb = 173◦ . Planet c has an orbital semi-
    major axis of ac = 2.873 au, an orbital period of Pc = 1750 days, orbital eccentricity
    of ec = 0.211 and longitude of periastron of ωc = 65◦ . A schematic of the orbit
    is shown below with ωc indicated, measured from the Line of Nodes (adapted from
    Kane & Raymond, AJ 784, 104 (2014)). At one point in time, the two planets are in
    conjunction with their star, with the planets both being at an angle of 135◦ from the
    Line of Nodes (that is, in the bottom right-hand portion of the diagram).

    wc

    (a) What is the true anomaly θ of each planet in its orbit?

    (b) For each planet, convert the true anomaly θ to eccentric anomaly E.

    (c) Next, for each planet, use Kepler’s equation to convert the eccentric anomaly E
    to the mean anomaly nt∗ .
    (d) What is the mean motion of each planet in radians/day?

    (e) In this alignment, how many days have passed since each planet passed its re-
    spective periastron?

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