WORKING WIITH GROUPS

Situation 1
Leonardo is a 15-year old boy who had been brought to court on charges of stealing.
Consequently, he was placed in a training center for Children in Conflict with the law.

At the center, his favorite activity was to listen to pop records and he occasionally
danced alone. While other children planned parties, played pingpong and basketball, had
crafts and dramatic groups, he sat along saying nothing near his record player. One day
his record player was not available, so he asked some of his friends who were also
restless and they started destroying tables, chairs and vandalizing walls. When the
supervisor decided to punish all the boys who got involved in the trouble, Leonardo
admitted his responsibility for what happened and asked the other be spared of the
punishment due such misconduct.

The group worker introduced Leonardo to a dancing group, who regularly had dancing
lessons. He received a great deal of recognition from the group members and from the
dancing instructors because he was the best dancer and was quick to learn new dance
steps. With this activity, Leonardo had manifested a marked change in his attitudes and
behaviors. When complimented about his dancing ability, he dropped his tough
appearance and smiled like one shy and modest kid. Recently Leonardo was chosen by
the group as their leader.

1. What motivated Leonardo to join the dancing group?*

The activity was attractive and irresistible
His talents and abilities
The group worker’s decision
His need for recognition

2. What was the group’s most valued criterion in choosing their

group leader?*
Dominance
Knowledge and skill
Popularity
Power

3. What was the most important factor that created an impact on

Leonardo’s attitudes and behaviors?*
The group worker’s expertise
The agency programs and services
His leadership abilities as trouble-maker
The group’s acceptance and recognition of his talents and capabilities

4. How was the group contagion manifested?*

Leonardo’s admission of sole responsibility for the misconduct
Leonardo’s dancing alone
Membership in other activity groups
When other group members joined in the trouble-making
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5. What was the medium of carrying rehabilitation and

development of Leonardo?*
The court’s decision
The dancing group
The agency
The group worker

Situation 2
In a government institution for educable, and trainable disabled children, group work
includes holding of regular meetings between the staff and the children to discuss
children’s individual concerns and houseparent’s problems, to disseminate information, to
discuss activities related to their rehabilitation. In one of the meetings, one concern
being raised is the habit of many children begging money from guests and visitors. This
behavior was a cause of many problems inside the institution, because when one child
who lost the money would go into severe temper tantrums like loud crying, undressing,
running around, and other behavioral aberrations. This single issue was discussed for 10
successive meetings where some educable children agree to monitor and act as watchers
for others. The staff and the children believe that to be able to stop begging is a big step
toward their children’s progress and development. So the institution put out a policy
requesting all guests and visitors to refrain from giving money.

On the other hand, the groupworker discussed the idea of bringing the children on
a field trip to the downtown area, where begging was a way of life. This was intended to
impress upon the children that begging is not a socially acceptable behavior, because if
anyone of them liked to beg, he would be left behind. After the trip, the children were
happy about the experience and they realized that their group life in the institution was
far better than the beggar’s life in the streets.

6. How was the institution’s policy formulated and implemented?*

Formulated through institution head’s initiative, implemented through institution head’s power
Formulated through group initiative, implemented through group participation
Formulated by the Board of Directors of the institution, implemented by the staff of the institution
Formulated by the institution staff and implemented by staff

7. What social value was being highlighted by the children’s actual

observation of the beggar’s life activity?*
Value of acceptance
Value of cleanliness
Value of patience
Value of industry

8. What skill was demonstrated by the social worker, through the

choice of the field trip activity, as a medium of the helping process,
to achieve individual and group goals?*
Problem solving skill
Group counseling skills
Goals and objectives setting skills
Skills in recognition and utilization of community resources

9. How would you assess the group work method applied to this
situation?*
Ineffective
Inadequate
Defective
Effective

10. What technique was demonstrated by the Social group worker

through the field trip?*
Moralizing technique
Lecture technique
show and tell technique
motivating technique

Situation 3
In one government center for normal abandoned children, there were problems one
plaguing this institution. Among the problems presented were cruelty, and abusive
attitudes of house parents to the children, corruption among some office administration
staff, many social workers were incompetent and the few competent ones were going
abroad, volunteers were not enthusiastic anymore in carrying their tasks, supervisors
were indifferent and seems helpless in changing the situation.

A new head was assigned to this institution. And she was determined to change the
situation for the better. Being an expert in group method, she requested one consulting
group to do an internal as well as an external diagnosis of the whole institution, together
with team-building sessions.

When the result and the recommendations were submitted by the consulting group, the
new institution head decided to strengthen the weak links in the system. She formed a
Management Team to assist her in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
their programs and services. She formed several groups based on the different
functions/needs within the institutions. She formed several groups based on the
children’s needs and choice of activities they wanted to participate in. Everybody was
involved and everybody was motivated to give his/her share and do his/her best. Not long
after, the institution became the training laboratory for group work for schools of Social
Work. The institution was once again alive, filled with enthusiasm and commitment from
its workers

11. To what group model does the consulting group belong?*

Tasking group
Acquiring group
Contacting group
Relating group
12. What was the key motivating factor that changed the group life
of the institution?*
Selective participation
Compartmentalized participation
Individual participation and involvement of every member of the institution
Discriminatory participation

13. What were the boundaries of the different groups that were
formed?*
Culture boundary based on the members’ place of origin
Goals, functions and needs of the participants/members of the group
Heterogeneous character of the groups
Power and authority

14. What is the client in this case?*

The whole institution
The employees/staff of the institution
The children in the institution
The institution head

15. What leadership style was evident in the institution under the
new head?*
Manipulative
Democratic
Authoritarian
Laissez-faire

16. Whatever is the agency purpose for a group program, these have
to be conducted to obtain at least basic or some other necessary
information on prospective group members:*
Collateral interviews
Individual intake
Interviews with referral sources
Pre-group interviews

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17. The agency’s purpose for the group program usually emanates
from:*
The agency’s general purpose or function
The prospective members’ motivations for membership
The worker’s judgment as to program priority
None of the above
18. The individual client-level worker task is based on assessment
and is the outcome of assessment:*
Intake
Action-planning
Evaluation
None of the above

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19. This worker task is an important aspect of group composition:*

Group intake
Selection of group members
Preparing case profiles
All of the above

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20. Choose which one in this list is not a perspective for analyzing
goal formulation in social work with groups:*
Members’ perspective
Worker’s perspective
Group system perspective
Community’s perspective

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21. Among the use of group program media in group work would be:*
To promote group interaction
To entertain members
To minimize the worker’s interventive activities
All of the above

22. One in this list is not a factor to consider in the selection of

group program media*
Group goals
Physical, emotional and social characteristics of the members
Worker’s skill and capacities
Worker’s personal preferences

23. One of the following is not among the stances a worker should
take during group sessions:*
Direct stance
Permissive stance
Facilitating stance
Counseling stance

24. This group record is essential to the worker’s doing a terminal

group evaluation:*
Statement of group problem/s , group goals and action plans
Intake records
Collateral interview records
Records of marginal interviews

25. This should be explained during the intake interview.*

Agency purpose
Group’s problem
Termination
None of the above

26. This social work task is the culmination of individual-level

assessment that is done in treatment-oriented groupwork.*
Formulating goals
Action-planning
Admitting client for agency service
Writing individual diagnostic statement/ case assessment

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27. The _______ worker “stance” in social work with groups requires
the worker to promote the exchange of ideas in the group, clarify and
focus problems, support leadership and patterns of relationship and
assess group processes.*
Directing
Guiding
Enabling
Facilitating

28. Interviews with members outside of the group sessions are

called _______ interviews*
Collateral
Marginal
Extra group
Counseling
29. Why are written individual case assessments and statements of
group concern/ problems, goals and action plans important?
a. They inform worker about client’s pre-intervention state
b. They provide the worker with tools for self-assessment
c. They enable worker to assess progress made at the time of evaluation

Choices for item no. 29*

a and b
a, and c
a, b, c
c only

30. What term is used to refer to worker activities that may need to
be done outside of the group sessions?*
Extra group activities
Extra means of intervention
Extra group work
Indirect interventions

31. What is not part of a diagnostic or case assessment in group

work?*
Case summary
Helping/ action plans
Treatment goals
Worker’s definition of clients social functioning problem

32. Which of the following comprise the “logistical support” for a

group program
a. Personnel
b. Facilities
c. Volunteers

Choices for item no. 32*

a, b
b,c,
a, b, c
a, c

33. The use of a group as a means and context for helping is a

characteristic of a:*
Crisis-centered group
Remedial group
Self-help group
Developmental group
34. In the Developmental approach in group work, the ______ theme
is focused on what is happening in the life situation in or outside the
group rather than what happened in the past.*
Phenomenological
Situational
Developmental
humanistic

35. In a group of children who are in conflict with the law, one child
brags a lot about how he was able to elude arrests several times. He
believes he is great, but many of the group members call him
“MAYABANG”. How do you describe his behavior?*
monopolist
blocker
aggressive
recognition seeker

36. In one group of adolescents who were members of a local youth

club, one member met an accident and all the club members were
concerned about his welfare. The group is said to have developed.*
Empathy
Familiarity
Belongingness
Exclusivity

37. The application of scientific method of social group work

includes all of the following except one. Which one is NOT included?*
diagnosis
treatment
Classification
Fact-finding

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38. A Cebuano Social Worker is forming discussion groups among

street children, whose members are Bicolanos, Cebuanos, Ilongos,
Tagalogs, Kapangpangans, and Ilocanos. In order to be effective,
the Social Worker must consider all of the following except one,
Which action must the Social Worker avoid?*
appoint cebuanos as group leaders
ignore religious differences
ignore cultural differences
use a common language which everyone understands

39. When the goal of the groups is personal growth, what should be
the ideal atmosphere within which the group can function effectively?
*
Rigid atmosphere
Competitive atmosphere
Cooperative atmosphere
Indifferent atmosphere

40. Social work believes that an individual, group or community is

distinct from others and should be treated as such. This is the*
Principle of non-judgmental attitude
Principle of purposeful expression of feelings
Principle of individualization
Principle of acceptance

41. Under the Magna Carta of Women, discrimination against

women takes the forms of, EXCEPT ONE.*
exclusion
Restriction
Non-recognition
Inclusion

42. In the same law, women’s rights are promoted through the
following:
a. Participation and representation of women in political arena
b. Protection and security in times of disaster, calamities and other crisis situation
c. Protection from all forms of violence
d. Comprehensive health services, health information and education

Choices for item no. 42*

a, b, c, d
a, c
a,b,c
b, d

43. This law identifies the Department of Social Welfare and

Development as one of the 12 national agencies tasked to develop
and monitor programs to eliminate Violence against women and their
children*
RA 7192
RA 9262
RA 7160
PD 633

44. The helping relationship in Gender Responsive Case

Management is marked by, EXCEPT:*
Democratic
Empowering
inequality
non-hierarchical

45. The issues of gender inequality address women’s

a. Stereotyping c. subordination
b. Marginalization d. invisibility

Choices for item no. 45*

a, b
a, b, c, d
c, d
b

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46. With the growing number of returning OFW’s, social group work
will play a major role in*
Organizing groups for educational activities
Training and organizing groups for entrepreneurial activities
Organizing groups for recreational activities
Organizing groups for political leadership trainings

47. The forerunners of group work in the Philippines are the

following, EXCEPT ONE*
YWCA
Hospicio de San Jose
YMCA
Girl Scouts of the Philippines

48. An agency program that encourages clientele group members’

involvement in planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
of group activities reinforce the client’s rights to:*
Participation and empowerment
survival
Self-determination
Purposeful expression of feeling
49. A sample group objective that is specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic and time-bound is*
At the end of December 1997, the group’s fund shall increase by 50%
At the end of December, the group shall have successfully implemented its group projects
To be able to increase group’s membership
At the end of December, more members shall have been recruited

50. All of the following, EXCEPT ONE, are treatment or rehabilitation

agencies. Which one is this?*
National Center for Mental Health
San Lorenzo Bible Study Group
Elsie Gaches Village
Correctional Institution for Women

51. Mixed feelings about a problem, person, or issue. For example, a

client may wish to finally deal with an issue, but because of the
painful feelings associated with it, the client may also wish to deny
that the problem exists.*
Anxiety
Depression
Mixed emotions
Ambivalence

52. A fixed membership group in which the same people meet for a
defined period of time. Members may drop out and new members
may be added in the early sessions, but in general, the membership of
the group remains constant.*
Remedial group
Open group
Task group
Closed group

53. The development of group structure in which the tasks to be

performed are distributed among members in a formal or informal
manner*
Division of labor
Equal division
Group labor
All of the above

54. This is the main characteristic of an open group in social work

with groups*
There are strict rules as imposed by the agency
There are no membership criteria
Not all can apply
New members are admitted at any point in time

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55. Goal-oriented group activities may result in the uninhibited

expression and sharing of thoughts, feelings, and experiences which
means the worker should exercise good judgment so that this basic
social work principle is observed.*
Individualization
Participation
Self-determination
Confidentiality

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56. Three of the following are major factors that enhance group
cohesion. Mark one that is not relevant.*
Demands of the group leader
Affective interpersonal ties
Common enemies outside the group
Symbolic group ceremonials

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57. A person usually joins a group because of actors that are

affection-oriented. Two of these factors are:
a. Complimentary qualities and values of group members
b. Unconscious needs such as unfulfilled love from parents
c. The size of the group
d. Status symbol

Choices for item no. 57*

c, d
a, d
a, b
b, c
58. Pairs, triads, cliques are some of the patterns observable in the
relationship among group members. This kind of relationship often
shows sociometric patterns of the group members since it shows:*
the values of the members
leadership pattern
affectional and non-affectional interactions among the subgroup members
the norms of the group itself

59. When the group is focused on specific purpose/objective to be

achieved and activities are geared toward the achievement of that
objective, this group function is:*
group process
task-centered
group maintenance
self-oriented

60. A small group is more dynamic because of the following

characteristics:
a. It is characterized by face-to-face interactions
b. Observable group process
c. Individual member’s needs find fulfillment in group interaction
d. Leadership pattern is much easier to define.

Choices for item no. 60*

a, b, c
b, c, d
a, b

61. An informal group is usually:*

large, permanent and organized
homogenous, co-operative, and distinct
functional, practical, prestigious
small, casual, and spontaneously formed

62. What is likely to happen in a group when the leader is

authoritarian?*
Members lose focus on goals
Members have high morale
Members become dependent on the leader
Members become more motivated to achieve goals

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63. The process by which certain group members motivate and
guide the group is called___*
Social Control
Social Facilitation
Group dynamics
Leadership

64. All of the following are assumptions of groups, EXCEPT*

Trust is a must
There are often discrepancies among participant’s expectations, hopes and desire
Much of the growth in groups occurs through observations, modeling and social learning
The leader is a member of the group

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65. Which of the following is not a primary group?*

a Class in school
family
peer group
a political party

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66. What is ethnocentrism?*

Culturally defined standards by which people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that
serve as broad guidelines for social living
Are the guidelines we claim to accept
The dominance of European (especially in English) cultural patterns the way we view the world is
socially constructed
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture

67. A Social worker needs to sustain the interest and motivation of

a group on its first income generating project due to the possible
danger of*
Pakikisama
Utang ng loob
Ningas Cogon
bayanihan

68. Expedites the accomplishment of the group goal by doing things

for the group, keeping record of the meeting*
Compromising
Acting as procedural technician
Initiating
Consensus giving

69. Attempts to keep communication channels by ensuring that

everyone is heard*
Opinion giving
Tension reducing
Gatekeeping
Clarifying

70. An example of exercise of this skills is when the worker

prohibits the group from engaging in an activity that will be harmful
to them*
Limiting
Guiding
Controlling
Enabling

71. A primary group can be best defined as a group*

That is characterized by face-to-face interaction and close emotional ties
In which two or more people interact in predictable ways
in which two or more people work together to achieve a goal
That is characterized by shared interests and interchangeability of roles

72. Zoe admires the cheerleaders at her school and enjoy watching
them at games. She frequently copies hairstyles that she sees the
girls wearing. The cheerleading squad is an example of a ___*
Reference group
Tertiary group
Secondary group
Primary group

73. In the Remedial Model, the use of the group as a means and a
context for treatment means that the group...
a. Serves as a vehicle through which peer interactions and influences are used to effect
group members
b. Provides opportunities for direct worker-client interactions which can contribute to
change
c. Utilizes its structures and processes to treat its members

Choices for item no.72*

a only
a, c
a,b,c,
b,c
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74. In this process of group development, worker’s activity is

encouraging the emergent leadership may well move into a less
central role and thus maximize the group functioning in its own
behalf. It is also when the group works at implementing its plans in
order to achieve the defined goals.*
Group formation phase
Group functioning and maintenance phase
Group revision phase
Group Intermediate phase

75. In choosing program media what are the factors taken into
considerations?
a. Goals of the group
b. Influence group climate
c. Promote group interaction
d. Mood of the group

Choices for item no. 75*

a, d
b, c
a, b, c
a,b,c,d

76. This stance assumes that if correct group composition has been
made, the purpose and the focus of group is clear, the group will
emerge because the participants have come together.*
flexible stance
evaluating stance
facilitating stance
permission stance

77. Assessment and planning are on what phase in-group

development?*
none of the choices
group formation
group functioning and maintenance
pre-group and group formation
78. This term refers to the socially recognized pattern of
expectation of behavior on the part of the person in a certain position
which help us to interpret what a person is doing or is trying to do*
Status
Role
Leadership
Group norms

79. Joy was required by an NGO, which helps street children to

have a temporary shelter and experience in a home-like environment.
The social worker based on the information gathered needs to
include her to the support group of sexually abused children. What
kind of approach is suited in the situation?*
Crisis intervention
Psychosocial
Development
Remedial

80. The following except one are the records that group workers
usually write or keep.*
Individual case assessment
Record referrals to other agencies
Evaluation record
Attendance record

81. Program to be of maximum value in group work should be*

person-centered
utilize the worker as a helping person
develop from interest and needs of groups members
reality-oriented

82. This phase is when the prospective members, or some of them,

meet for the first time*
Group formation phase
Private pre-group phase
Convening phase
Pre-group phase

83. Phases in group development is essentially about*

Group procedures/movement
The life of a group
Group Structure and processes
The problem solving process with a group
84. Which of the following justify termination of a worker’s helping
relationship with a group?
a. Goals have been achieved
b. Little or no progress toward goal achievement and change in the situation is not likely
to happen
c. Group is bored and lacks direction

Choices for item no. 84*

a,b,c,
a, c
a, b
a only

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85. Which of the following should NOT be used as an activity in the

group mode of service in social work*
Changing attitudes of outsiders toward the group
Work on a community project
Modifying rules in the institution where the group exists
individual counseling during group sessions

86. A group has reached a level of maturity usually during the group
maintenance phase, is able to respond not only to intergroup
processes, but also to extragroup and intergroup threats when these
happen. Which of these is an example of intergroup threats.*
Power struggle in the group
Membership withdrawal
Other groups in the community
Family or agency group

87. This is the theme of the termination phase in group

development*
Separation anxiety
Relief
Mourning
Ending ties

88. Which of the following justify termination of a worker’s helping

relationship with a group?*
Goals have been achieved
Little or no progress toward goal achievement and change in the situation is not likely to happen
Group is bored and lacks direction
Untitled Title
The Barangay Chairman informed the Social Worker that there are several out-of-school
youths in his barangay. He complained about the alleged troubles and activities that
these youths are frequently involved in. The worker planned to conduct group work with
these youths. The initial data revealed the following information:
• The ages of the youth ranges from 12-16 years old
• They all came from low-income families
• Their parents are either jobless or have irregular source of income
• Majority of their fathers are alcoholic and drug users
• They are frequently out of their house hanging out with peers.
• They frequently engage in smoking & occasional drinking
• All of them have been reported to the barangay for engaging in gang trouble.

89. The worker first prepared a program proposal to be submitted to

the agency. What step is this in group formation?*
Preparing logistics
Conceptualizing the group services
Recruiting members
Enlisting community support

90. What important information will you include in the proposal?*

Rationale/background of the program
Target client
Resource requirement
All of the above

91. The worker initiated a dialogue with key barangay officials and
leaders to get their support.*
Case assessment
Pre-group interview
Pre-group planning
Action planning

92. During the group intake, what are the things that need to be
clarified with the group?*
Agency expectation
Activities that are likely to be undertaken
The duration of the group program
All of the above

93. What should not be included in the individual client profile?*

Needs/concerns & problems
Client’s impression and decision about joining the program
Workers observations and comments
Strengths, resources and limitations of clients

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94. What type of group will you recommend for this clientele group?*
Task group
Treatment group
Open group
All of the above

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95. Which interventive roles will you use the least in this kind of
group?*
Enabler
Advocate
Crisis intervention
Therapist or counselor

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96. What is the best recommended approach in this kind of group?*

Interactionist approach
Problem solving approach
Developmental approach
Remedial approach

97. This describes the processes by which the group as a whole

gains sufficient compliance and conformity from its members to
enable it to function in an orderly manner*
Group culture
Group Dynamics
Group Cohesion
Social Control Dynamics

98. An exercise used in some groups at the start of the session, in

which the member briefly shares what has happened to him or during
the preceding week.*
check –in
small talk
rapport building
all of the above

99. The group members begin to confront various differences and

the management of conflict often becomes the focus.*
forming
storming
Norming
adjourning

100. This is stage of group development of Tuckman that the group

members try to determine their places in the group and learn the
group’s rules and procedure.*
performing
adjourning
forming
norming