“Advanced Techniques in Cloud

Computing”
CLASS : TE COMPUTER 2019
SUBJECT : CC (SEM-II)
.UNIT : VI
 SYLLABUS
· Future Tends in cloud Computing, Mobile Cloud, Automatic Cloud

Computing: Comet Cloud.

· Multimedia Cloud : IPTV, Energy Aware Cloud Computing, Jungle

Computing, Distributed Cloud Computing Vs Edge Computing, Containers,

Docker, and Kubernetes, Introduction to DevOps. IOT and Cloud

Convergence: The Cloud and IoT in your Home, The IOT and cloud in your

Automobile, PERSONAL: IoT in Healthcare.

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 Future of
Cloud
Computing
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 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
1. Increase Storage Capacity
Today, data is generating in a high volume and it’s difficult
to store it with security. Most of the companies require a
place where they can securely store their data.

So many businesses are adopting cloud computing and it has

been predicted that the Cloud providers will provide more
data centers at a lower price as there is a large competition
between them. With the help of the more in your company
will be able to store the data. 4
Risk in Cloud Computing

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 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
2. Enhanced Performance of Internet
With the help of the Internet of Things, the quality of the
internet can be increased. With the help of the IoT and
Cloud Computing, we can store data in the cloud, for
further analyze & provide enhanced performance.

The users expect high-quality fast-loading services and

application. The network provided will be faster and the
ability to receive and deliver that data will be quick.
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 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
3. Modular Software Will Be Priority :
The size of an individual program along with the complexity is
increasing regularly. This leads to the fact that Cloud technology will
soon require advance system thinking.

We can see software development from many angles because in the

future applications will store in places other than the cloud. This
application will store on different modules, on servers of different Cloud
Service.

This can also reduce the cost of software as placing components of the
program on different storage is economical.
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 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
4. Internet of Things Along With Cloud Computing
The internet of things is also one of the leading Technology is it comes
with continuous innovation in real time Data Analytics and cloud
computing. There are many machine-to-machine communication, data,
and process occurring. We can do it easily with the help of cloud
computing.

5. Data Shows How Future Changes

The cloud computing market is growing at 22.8 percent and will exceed
$127.5 after 2018. By 2018, 62% of all CRM software will be cloud-
based. Moreover, 30% of all application spending is for software as a
service based applications.
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 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
6. Improvement in Cloud Services
Cloud Computing includes:

Infrastructure as a service
Platform as a service
Software as a service
With this service, we can achieve our desired goals. There are many researchers which
have proved that Cloud Computing will be one of the leading technologies in the future
as the software as a service solution will account for more than 60% of the workload.

It also has been predicted that the platform as a service and infrastructure as a service
will increase gradually as it has been used in most of the organizations. Cloud
Computing is user-friendly and is compatible for both new as well as old organizations.

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 Future Trends in Cloud Computing
7. Security
The data which are stored in the cloud is secure but not fully. The small companies which are
providing cloud services may or may not provide proper security to the data.

So in the future, we can prevent from cyber attacks by providing better security. The cloud
providers provide better security measures opening balance ways to prevent cyber attacks.

8. Modular Software
Companies are using much software, which is yet to modify. This leads to the fact that cloud
computing requires modified software, which will provide better security and facilities. This
software will be more user-friendly and flexible to use.

One of the major advantages of this software will be that it will save the overall cost as well as
time. We can see from the below graph, companies providing services and software are also
improving.

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 Mobile Cloud
MCC stands for Mobile Cloud Computing which is defined as a combination of mobile
computing, cloud computing, and wireless network that come up together purpose such as rich
computational resources to mobile users, network operators, as well as to cloud computing
providers. Mobile Cloud Computing is meant to make it possible for rich mobile applications to
be executed on a different number of mobile devices. In this technology, data processing, and
data storage happen outside of mobile devices.
Mobile Cloud Computing applications leverage this IT architecture to generate the
following advantages:

1. Extended battery life.

2. Improvement in data storage capacity and processing power.
3. Improved synchronization of data due to “store in one place, accessible from anywhere ”
platform theme.
4. Improved reliability and scalability.
5. Ease of integration.
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 Mobile Cloud
Factors Fostering Adoption Of Mobile Cloud Computing :
• Trends and demands: Customers expect convenience in using
companies’ websites or applications from anywhere and at any time.
Mobile Cloud computing is meant for this purpose. Users always
want to access business applications from anywhere, so that they can
increase their productivity, even when they are on the commute.
• Improved and increased broadband coverage: 3G and 4G along
with WiFi, femtocells, are providing better connectivity for mobile
devices cloud computing.
• Enabling technologies: HTML5, CSS3, a hypervisor for mobile
devices, cloudlets and Web 4.0 are enabling technologies that will
drive adoption of mobile cloud computing.
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 Mobile Cloud
Characteristics Of Mobile Cloud Computing Application
1. Cloud infrastructure: Cloud infrastructure is a specific form
of information architecture that is used to store data.
2. Data cache: In this, the data can be locally cached.
3. User Accommodation: Scope of accommodating different
user requirements in cloud app development is available in
mobile Cloud Computing.
4. Easy Access: It is easily accessed from desktop or mobile
devices alike.
5. Cloud Apps facilitate to provide access to a whole new range
of services.
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 Mobile Cloud
Mobile Cloud Computing Working :
On a remote data center, Mobile Cloud Applications are operated
generally by a third-party, data is stored, and compute cycles are
carried out. The uptime, integration, and security aspects are taken
care of, by a backend, which also enables support to a multitude of
access methods. These apps can function online quite well,
however, they need timely updating. These need not be
permanently stored on the device but they do not always occupy
any storage space on a computer or communications device.
Moreover, it offers the same experience as that of a desktop
application, while offering the portability of a web application.
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 Applications of Mobile Cloud
• Email. This is a common example that many people use. Gmail,
Outlook, and Yahoo Mail are examples of mobile email. When you
check your emails via your mobile phone, you’re using mobile cloud
technology.

• Social Media. Be it via Twitter, Instagram, or Facebook, mobile

social networking allows real-time data sharing. For example, a
mobile user can store data and share videos with other users.

• Commerce. Do you use a banking app or eshop on your mobile? If

the answer is yes, you use mobile cloud computing. MCC in mobile
commerce uses scalable processing power.
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 Applications of Mobile Cloud
• Healthcare. With mobile healthcare, MCC
allows massive amounts of instantaneous data
storage in the cloud, accessible via a mobile
device. For example, it’s quick and easy to
access patient records on the go.

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 Benefits of Mobile Cloud Computing
1. Mobile Cloud Computing saves Business money.
2. Because of the portability which makes their work
easy and efficient.
3. Cloud consumers explore more features on their
mobile phones.
4. Developers reach greater markets through mobile
cloud web services.

5. More network providers can join up in this field.

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 Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing
1. Low bandwidth: This is one of the big issues in mobile cloud
computing. Mobile cloud use radio waves which are limited as
compared to wired networks. Available wavelength is distributed in
different mobile devices. Therefore, it has been three times slower
in accessing speed as compared to a wired network.
2. Security and Privacy: It is difficult to identify ad manage threats
on mobile devices as compared to desktop devices because in a
wireless network there are more chances of the absence of the
information from the network.
3. Service Availability: Users often find complaints like a breakdown
of the network, transportation crowding, out of coverage, etc.
Sometimes customers get a low-frequency signal, which affects the
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access speed and storage facility. 8
 Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing
4.Alteration of Networks: Mobile cloud computing is used in a
different operating system driven platforms like Apple iOS, Android, and
Windows Phone. So it has to be compatible with different platforms. The
performance of different mobile platform network is managed by the
IRNA (Intelligent Radio Network Access) technique.

5.Limited Energy source: Mobile devices consume more energy and

are less powerful. Mobile cloud computing increases battery usage of
mobile devices which becomes an important issue. Devices should have
a long-life battery to access applications and other operations. When the
size of the altered code is small, the offloading consumes more energy
than local processing.
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 Architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing offers such smartphones that have rich Internet media
support, require less processing and consume less power. In terms of
Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), processing is done in cloud, data is
stored in cloud, and the mobile devices serve as media for display.

Today smartphones are employed with rich cloud services by integrating

applications that consume web services. These web services are deployed
in cloud.

There are several Smartphone operating systems available such as

Google's Android, Apple's iOS, RIM BlackBerry, Symbian, and
Windows Mobile Phone. Each of these platforms support third-party
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applications that are deployed in cloud. 0
 Architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing
Architecture
MCC includes four types of cloud
resources:

1. Distant mobile cloud

2. Distant immobile cloud
3. Proximate mobile computing entities
4. Proximate immobile computing entities
5. Hybrid
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 Architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing
The following diagram shows the framework for mobile cloud computing architecture:

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 Architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing
Issues
Despite of having significant development in field of mobile cloud
computing, still many issues remain unsorted such as:

Emergency Efficient Transmission

There should be a frequent transmission of information between
cloud and the mobile devices.

Architectural Issues
Mobile cloud computing is required to make architectural neutral
because of heterogeneous environment.
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 Architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing
Live VM Migration
It is challenging to migrate an application, which is resource-intensive to
cloud and to execute it via Virtual Machine.

Mobile Communication Congestion

Due to continuous increase in demand for mobile cloud services, the
workload to enable smooth communication between cloud and mobile
devices has been increased.

Security and Privacy

This is one of the major issues because mobile users share their personal
information over the cloud.
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Automatic
Cloud
Computing
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 Comet Cloud in Cloud Computing
COMET Cloud is an Internet data storage designed for recording
measured values from selected COMET measuring instruments. The data
is accessible after the user's connection to the Internet and is displayed in
a web browser in the form of a table or graph. Users can be notified by e-
mail of all alarm conditions reported by the device.

After purchasing a device that supports connection to the COMET

Cloud, you can register the device in the COMET Cloud. Each user has
access only to their account, which is password protected. If you run a
large number of devices in the COMET Cloud, you can clearly organize
them into groups and assign new users to them, who can have an
overview of the group of devices. Different rights for data display and
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administration can be set for individual users. 6

CometCloud (www.cometcloud.org)
Application/Programming layer
autonomics: Dynamics workflows; Redbox denotes open source.
Policy based component/service
adaptations and compositions
 Autonomics layer: Resource
provisioning based on user objectives;
estimation of resource requirement
initially, monitor application
performance, and adjust resource
provisioning.
 Service layer autonomics: Robust
monitoring and proactive self-
management; dynamic
application/system/context- sensitive
adaptations
 Infrastructure layer autonomics: On-
demand scale-out; resilient to failure
and data loss; handle dynamic
joins/departures; support “trust”
boundaries
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 CometCloud space management
 A virtual semantically-‐specialized shared space
 Constructed from a application define multi-‐dimensional information
space, which is deterministically mapped onto the dynamic system of
peer nodes

 The space is associatively accessible by all system nodes.

 Access is independent of the physical locations of data tuples or hosts

 Dynamically constructed transient spaces enable application

to exploit context locality
 Programming models – Master/Worker

 A master generates tasks,

submits them into the
coordination space, and
collects results.
 A secure worker provides
its local space as the part
of the coordination space
as well as providing
computing capability.
 An unsecured worker
provides only computing
capability and gets a task
through the proxy and a
request handler.
 Proxy receives task requests from unsecured workers and forward the requests to
one of request handler. Request handler is part of the overlay so as to host
Comet space and picks up a task for unsecured workers.
 Programming models – Map/Reduce
 Accelerate MapReduce for the application running with a
large number of small or medium files.
 MapMerger to keep results in memory as much as possible.
Disk writing only when
low watermark or post-map MapReduce Master
MapMerger InputReader
Disk
Memory

CometCloud
task space

Pull Tasks Cloud Agent

Mgmt.
Info.
MapReduce Worker
Mapper Reducer
OutputCollector

Cluster/Datacenter/
Cloud
Programming models – Workflow

 Each stage is heterogeneous in terms of behavior, the length of

computation, the amount of required resources, etc.
 Stages should be completed in an sequence since the output of a stage
becomes the input of the next stage.
 Workflow management
 Federated cloud management
 Application management
Workflow management
Multimedia
Cloud
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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
IPTV is the delivery of media content, videos or live television over an
IP network. IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) can either use the public
internet, a private local area network (LA) or wide area network (WAN).
An IPTV service can be delivered to an IP enabled TV, mobile phone,
tablet, laptop or PC and can be easily incorporated into a video on
demand solution.

IPTV services are commonly used by businesses and organisations to

deliver TV to waiting areas, reception and common rooms and often
integrated with digital signage capabilities. IPTV is also a popular
solution for the provision of tv services within a hotel, hospital or
residential property.
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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
IPTV (Internet Protocol television) is a service that provides television
programming and other video content using the Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, as opposed to broadcast TV,
cable TV or satellite signals.

An IPTV service, typically distributed by a service provider, delivers live

TV programs or on-demand video content via IP networks.

An IPTV system may be used to provide video content over a private

network in an enterprise, although such implementations are far less
common than subscriber-based models due to the complexity, network
latency and scaling issues.
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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
How does Internet Protocol television work?
IPTV content is often delivered over a managed or dedicated network, like Digital
Subscriber Line connectivity. Compared to the public internet, a private network
gives network operators more control over the video traffic and, by extension, the
ability to ensure quality of service, uptime, bandwidth and reliability.

In traditional television delivery, all programming is broadcast simultaneously in a

multicast format. The available program signals flow downstream, and viewers
select programs by changing the TV channel.

An IPTV service, by contrast, sends only one program at a time, i.e., a unicast
format. Content remains on the internet service provider's network, and only the
program the end user selects is sent to the user's device.
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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
When a viewer changes the channel, a new stream is transmitted
from the provider's server directly to the viewer. Like cable
television, IPTV requires a set-top box or other customer premises
devices, such as a Wi-Fi router or a fiber optic or broadband internet
connection.

IPTV primarily uses IP multicasting with Internet Group

Management Protocol for IPv4-based live television broadcasts and
Real-Time Streaming Protocol for on-demand programs. Multicast
Listener Discovery is used on IPv6 networks. Other common
protocols include Real-Time Messaging Protocol and Hypertext
Transfer Protocol 3
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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
When a viewer changes the channel, a new stream is transmitted from the provider's
server directly to the viewer. Like cable television, IPTV requires a set-top box or other
customer premises devices, such as a Wi-Fi router or a fiber optic or broadband internet
connection.
IPTV primarily uses IP multicasting with Internet Group Management Protocol for IPv4-
based live television broadcasts and Real-Time Streaming Protocol for on-demand
programs. Multicast Listener Discovery is used on IPv6 networks. Other common
protocols include Real-Time Messaging Protocol and Hypertext Transfer Protocol

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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
What are IPTV use cases?
Because IPTV uses a packet-based delivery system, it can be bundled with other IP-
based telecommunication services, such as voice over IP and high-speed internet.

The use of IP also enables providers to support various other services and applications,
such as video on demand, interactive TV, livestreaming, in-program messaging and time
shifting, a broad term for TV services that enable viewers to consume content in ways
other than live broadcasts, e.g., digital recording, on-demand television shows and the
ability to rewind or restart a live program already in progress.

IPTV competes with another delivery model known as internet TV, which refers to
television content distributed through a website via a broadband connection.

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 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
IPTV providers :
IPTV providers include a wide range of companies from large network
operators, like Verizon with its FiOS video services, and major companies,
such as Netflix, Google, Apple and Microsoft, to Sony, which also offers
video streaming services via smart TV sets and internet-enabled devices, and
AT&T. Additional examples of major IPTV providers include Roku, Hulu and
YouTube. Some other popular IPTV services include Amazing TV, FalconTV,
SelectTV, Best Cast TV, Comstar.tv and Xtreme HD IPTV.

Providers of IPTV also include a wide variety of smaller or niche companies

sometimes specializing in certain types of content delivered over a broadband
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IP connection. Here's a sampling of some additional ITPV offerings: 1
 Multimedia Cloud in Cloud Computing
1. Apollo Group TV 16. nVision TV
2. Bing TV 17. Perfect Player
3. Decoded Streams 18. Players Klub IPTV
4. Hoopla 19. Popcornflix
5. Hotstar 20. RocketStreams
6. HUTV 21. Snap.tv
7. Iconic Streams 22. Sportz TV
8. IMDb TV 23. Tubi
9. IPTVGang 24. Vudu
10. IPTV Trends
25. YeahIPTV
11. Kanopy
12. King TV
13. Kodi
14. The Matrix IPTV
15. Necro IPTV 4
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 Energy Aware Cloud Computing
Cloud computing as a trending model for the information technology,
provides unique features and opportunities including scalability, broad
accessibility and dynamic provision of the computing resources with limited
capital investments. This paper presents the criteria, assets, and models for
energy-aware cloud computing practices and the envisioned market structure
for cloud computing services that exclusively addresses the impact of the
quality and price of the energy supply on the quality and cost of cloud
computing services. The cloud computing market is driven by a limited
number of vendors while a global market is emerging over the horizon. The
considerable energy consumption for cloud providers highlights the
interdependence among the energy and cloud computing markets. The energy
management practices for cloud providers at the macro- and micro- levels to
improve the cost and reliability measures of the cloud services are presented.
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 Energy Aware Cloud Computing
Cloud computing as an emerging computing model provides computing resources as general
utilities for the endusers through the internet. Cloud computing is a model that enables on-
demand access to the shared pool of customizable computing resources (e.g. servers,
storage, networks, and applications) and services [1]. These resources could be rapidly
deployed with minimal management efforts and marginal interactions with the service
providers. Providing dynamic computing resources in the cloud computing paradigm,
enables the corporates to scale up/down the provided services, considering the clients’
demand and the cost of the leveraged resources that contribute to the operation cost of the
information technology (IT) facilities. The scalability of the cloud services enables the
smaller businesses to benefit from different categories of expensive computing-intensive
services that were once exclusively available to large enterprises. Cloud computing remedies
the IT barriers especially for small and medium-sized enterprises and provides efficient and
economical IT solutions as the cloud providers develop tools and skills to exclusively focus
on handling the computational and IT challenges.
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 Energy Aware Cloud Computing
With marvelous effects of cloud computing on the IT industry, large
enterprises such as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft endeavor to establish
more powerful, reliable and economically efficient cloud computing
platforms. The backbone of the cloud computing is data centers. Cloud
computing is achieved by establishing distributed data centers that consume
significant volume of energy. Data centers leverage advanced energy
management solutions to achieve the targeted computing reliability and
economic Efficiency.

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 Jungle Computing
Jungle computing is a form of high performance computing that distributes
computational work across cluster, grid and cloud computing.
The increasing complexity of the high performance computing environment
has provided a range of choices beside traditional supercomputers and
clusters. Scientists can now use grid and cloud infrastructures, in a variety of
combinations along with traditional supercomputers - all connected via fast
networks. And the emergence of many-core technologies such as GPUs, as
well as supercomputers on chip within these environments has added to the
complexity. Thus, high-performance computing can now use multiple diverse
platforms and systems simultaneously, giving rise to the term "computing
jungle".
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 Jungle Computing
Jungle computing is a simultaneous combination of heterogeneous,
hierarchical, and distributed computing resources. In many realistic scientific
research areas, domain experts are being forced into concurrent use of
multiple clusters, grids, clouds, desktop grids, independent computers, and
more. Jungle computing refers to the use of diverse, distributed and highly
non-uniform high performance computer systems to achieve peak
performance. These new distributed computing paradigms have led to a
diverse collection of resources available to research scientists, including
stand-alone machines, cluster systems, grids, clouds, desktop grids, etc. as
shown in the Figure and this varied collection is named as jungle computing

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Jungle Computing

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 Jungle Computing
The increasing complexity of the high performance computing
environment has provided a bewildering range of choices beside
traditional supercomputers and clusters. Scientists can now use grid
and cloud infrastructures, in a variety of combinations along with
traditional supercomputers- all connected via fast networks. And
the emergence of manycore technologies such as GPUs, as well as
supercomputers on chip within these environments has added to the
complexity. Thus high performance computing can now use
multiple diverse platforms and systems simultaneously, giving rise
to the term "computing jungle". Ibis high-performance distributed
programming system is an example of the jungle computing. 4
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 What is Edge Cloud Computing
To handle the massive influx of data being generated on a second basis, the
technology of edge computing is used. But what is edge computing? It is part of
a distributed cloud infrastructure that advocates on decentralization instead of
centralization, meaning it brings data storage and workloads close to the edge to
where the data is being generated and where actions are being taken, as possible.
IoT devices typically have limited data processing and storage capabilities, so
substantial processing has to occur on premises with the edge providing an
environment to handle the processing and manage large number of IoT devices
and data. Edge systems are essentially remote computing systems such as
smartphones, network gateways, or smart objects that work on behalf of the
cloud. This way information can be shared quickly, securely and without
latency. Plus it improves the speed of data processing as a direct result of lower
dependency on the cloud.
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What is Edge Cloud Computing

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What is Distributed Cloud Computing
Distributed systems are all around us – Google Search engine, Amazon
platforms, Netflix, blockchain, online gaming, online banking, and the
list goes on. The most common example of a distributed system is the
client-server model. When we talk about distributed systems, we actually
refer to a collection of independent software or hardware components
called nodes that are linked together via a network and which work
together toward a common end goal. So, distributed computing is the
study of those distributed systems with multiple components located on
different machines. It is a computing model wherein system components
are distributed across multiple computers but they run as one system to
solve a problem. The system mainly consists of a set of processors that
are connected by a communication network which provides information
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exchange among processors. 2
Distributed Cloud Vs Edge Cloud Computing

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Summary of Edge Computing vs. Distributed Computing
Edge systems are based on distributed system architecture and are
essentially remote computing systems from established engineering
domains of embedded systems, computer security, cloud computing, and
telecommunications. It accommodates a wide range of computing devices
from small to large end users and data sources. The idea is to place together
computing and storage capacity of devices at the data source, real life
applications requiring mobility, low latency, reliability, etc., can be better
supported. This is a great move away from the traditional cloud computing
architecture which focuses on a decentralized architecture model. As
innovative devices like self-driving cars become more common, the impact
of edge computing on our daily life will be significantly higher.
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Container
Dockers &
Kubernetes
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 Container in Cloud Computing
“Containers are lightweight packages of your application code
together with dependencies such as specific versions of
programming language runtimes and libraries required to run
your software services”.

Containers make it easy to share CPU, memory, storage, and

network resources at the operating systems level and offer a
logical packaging mechanism in which applications can be
abstracted from the environment in which they actually run.
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 What are Containers?
1. Containers are executable units of software in which application code is packaged, along with
its libraries and dependencies, in common ways so that it can be run anywhere, whether it be
on desktop, traditional IT, or the cloud.

2. To do this, containers take advantage of a form of operating system (OS) virtualization in

which features of the OS (in the case of the Linux kernel, namely the namespaces and cgroups
primitives) are leveraged to both isolate processes and control the amount of CPU, memory,
and disk that those processes have access to.

3. Containers are small, fast, and portable because unlike a virtual machine, containers do not
need include a guest OS in every instance and can, instead, simply leverage the features and
resources of the host OS.

4. Containers first appeared decades ago with versions like FreeBSD Jails and AIX Workload
Partitions, but most modern developers remember 2013 as the start of the modern container
era with the introduction of Docker.
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 Use cases of Containers in the Cloud
The following use cases are especially suitable for running containers in the cloud:
1. Microservices : containers are lightweight, making them well suited for
applications with microservices architectures consisting of a large number of
loosely coupled, independently deployable services.

2. DevOps : many DevOps teams build applications using a microservices

architecture, and deploy services using containers. Containers can also be used to
deploy and scale the DevOps infrastructure itself, such CI/CD tools.

3. Hybrid and multi-cloud : for organizations operating in two or more cloud

environments, containers are highly useful for migrating workloads. They are a
standardized unit that can be flexibly moved between on-premise data centers and
any public cloud.

4. Application modernization : a common way to modernize a legacy application is

to containerize it, and move it as is to the cloud (a model known as “lift and shift”).
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 How do Cloud Containers Works?
Container technology began with the separation of partitions and chroot processes,
introduced as part of Linux. Modern container engines take the form of application
containerization (such as Docker) and system containerization (such as Linux
containers).

Containers rely on isolation, controlled at the operating system kernel level, to deploy
and run applications. Containers share the operating system kernel, and do not need to
run a full operating system—they only need to run the necessary files, libraries and
configuration to run workloads. The host operating system limits the container’s ability
to consume physical resources.

In the cloud, a common pattern is to use containers to run an application instance. This
can be an individual microservice, or a backend application such as a database or
middleware component. Containers make it possible to run multiple applications on the
same cloud VM, while ensuring that problems with one container do not affect other
containers, or the entire VM. 5
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 How do Cloud Containers Works?
Cloud providers offer several types of services you can use to run
containers in the cloud:
• Hosted container instances : let you run containers directly on
public cloud infrastructure, without the intermediary of a cloud VM.
An example is Azure Container Instances (ACI).
• Containers as a Service (CaaS) : manages containers at scale,
typically with limited orchestration capabilities. An example is
Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) or Amazon Fargate.
• Kubernetes as a Service (KaaS) : provides Kubernetes, the most
popular container orchestrator, as a managed service. Lets you deploy
clusters of containers on the public cloud. An example is Google
Kubernetes Engine (GKE). 6
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 Benefits of Cloud Containers
The primary advantage of containers, especially compared to a VM, is
providing a level of abstraction that makes them lightweight and
portable.
1. Lightweight: Containers share the machine OS kernel, eliminating
the need for a full OS instance per application and making container
files small and easy on resources. Their smaller size, especially
compared to virtual machines, means they can spin up quickly and
better support cloud-native applications that scale horizontally.
2. Portable and platform independent: Containers carry all their
dependencies with them, meaning that software can be written once
and then run without needing to be re-configured across laptops,
cloud, and on-premises computing environments. 6
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 Benefits of Cloud Containers
3.Supports modern development and architecture: Due to a
combination of their deployment portability/consistency across platforms
and their small size, containers are an ideal fit for modern development
and application patterns—such as DevOps, serverless, and
microservices—that are built are regular code deployments in small
increments.
4.Improves utilization: Like VMs before them, containers enable
developers and operators to improve CPU and memory utilization of
physical machines. Where containers go even further is that because they
also enable microservice architectures, application components can be
deployed and scaled more granularly, an attractive alternative to having
to scale up an entire monolithic application because a single component
6
is struggling with load. 2
 What is Docker in Cloud Computing
Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and
running applications. Docker enables you to separate your
applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver
software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your
infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications.
By taking advantage of Docker’s methodologies for shipping,
testing, and deploying code quickly, you can significantly
reduce the delay between writing code and running it in
production.
6
3
 Docker Platform
Docker provides the ability to package and run an application in a loosely
isolated environment called a container. The isolation and security allows you
to run many containers simultaneously on a given host. Containers are
lightweight and contain everything needed to run the application, so you do
not need to rely on what is currently installed on the host. You can easily
share containers while you work, and be sure that everyone you share with
gets the same container that works in the same way.
Docker provides tooling and a platform to manage the lifecycle of your
containers:
• Develop your application and its supporting components using containers.
• The container becomes the unit for distributing and testing your application.
• When you’re ready, deploy your application into your production environment,
as a container or an orchestrated service. This works the same whether your
production environment is a local data center, a cloud provider, or a hybri6d of
4
the two.
 Docker Architecture
Docker uses a client-server architecture. The Docker client talks to the
Docker daemon, which does the heavy lifting of building, running, and
distributing your Docker containers. The Docker client and daemon can run
on the same system, or you can connect a Docker client to a remote Docker
daemon. The Docker client and daemon communicate using a REST API,
over UNIX sockets or a network interface. Another Docker client is Docker
Compose, that lets you work with applications consisting of a set of
containers.

6
5
Docker Architecture

6
6
 Docker Architecture
1. The Docker daemon :
The Docker daemon (dockerd) listens for Docker API requests and manages
Docker objects such as images, containers, networks, and volumes. A daemon
can also communicate with other daemons to manage Docker services.
2. The Docker client :
The Docker client (docker) is the primary way that many Docker users
interact with Docker. When you use commands such as docker run, the client
sends these commands to dockerd, which carries them out. The docker
command uses the Docker API. The Docker client can communicate with
more than one daemon.
3. Docker Desktop :
Docker Desktop is an easy-to-install application for your Mac or Windows
environment that enables you to build and share containerized applications
and microservices. Docker Desktop includes the Docker daemon (dockerd),
the Docker client (docker), Docker Compose, Docker Content Trust,
Kubernetes, and Credential Helper. For more information, see Do6cker
Desktop. 7
 Docker Architecture
4. Docker registries
A Docker registry stores Docker images. Docker Hub is a public registry that
anyone can use, and Docker is configured to look for images on Docker Hub
by default. You can even run your own private registry.

When you use the docker pull or docker run commands, the required images
are pulled from your configured registry. When you use the docker push
command, your image is pushed to your configured registry.

5. Docker objects
When you use Docker, you are creating and using images, containers,
networks, volumes, plugins, and other objects. This section is a brief
overview of some of those objects.

6
8
 Benefits of Docker(Container)
1. Tailor-made: Most industries want to use a purpose-built. The Docker in
cloud computing enables its clients to make use of Docker to organize
their software infrastructure.

2. Accessibility: As the docker is a cloud framework, it is accessible from

anywhere, anytime. Has high efficiency.

3. Operating System Support: It takes less space. They are lightweight and
can operate several containers simultaneously.

4. Performance: Containers have better performance as they are hosted in a

single docker engine.

5. Speed: No requirement for OS to boot. Applications are made online in

seconds. As the business environment is constantly changing,
technological up-gradation needs to keep pace for smoother workplace
transitions. Docker helps organizations with the speedy delivery of service.
6
9
 Benefits of Docker(Container)
6. Flexibility: They are a very agile container platform. It is deployed easily
across clouds, providing users with an integrated view of all their
applications across different environments. Easily portable across different
platforms.

7. Scalable: It helps create immediate impact by saving on recoding time,

reducing costs, and limiting the risk of operations. Containerization helps
scale easily from the pilot stage to large-scale production.

8. Automation: Docker works on Software as a service and Platform as a

service model, which enables organizations to streamline and automate
diverse applications. Docker improves the efficiency of operations as it
works with a unified operating model.

9. Space Allocation: Data volumes can be shared and reused among

multiple containers.
7
0
 Kubernetes in Cloud Computing
Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source platform for managing
containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative
configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem.
Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.

The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or

pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters
between the "K" and the "s". Google open-sourced the Kubernetes
project in 2014. Kubernetes combines over 15 years of Google's
experience running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed
ideas and practices from the community 7
1
 Features of Kubernetes in Cloud
1. Auto-scaling. Automatically scale containerized applications and
their resources up or down based on usage.

2. Lifecycle management. Automate deployments and updates with the

ability to:
• Rollback to previous versions
• Pause and continue a deployment

3. Declarative model. Declare the desired state, and K8s works in the
background to maintain that state and recover from any failures

Resilience and self-healing. Auto placement, auto restart, auto replication

and auto scaling provide application self-healing 7
2
 Features of Kubernetes in Cloud
4. Persistent storage. Ability to mount and add storage dynamically.

5. Load balancing. Kubernetes supports a variety of internal and

external load balancing options to address diverse needs

6. DevSecOps support. DevSecOps is an advanced approach to security

that simplifies and automates container operations across clouds,
integrates security throughout the container lifecycle, and enables
teams to deliver secure, high-quality software more quickly.
Combining DevSecOps practices and Kubernetes improves developer
productivity. 7
3
Kubernetes in Cloud Computing

7
4
 Need of Kubernetes in Cloud
1. Service discovery and load balancing Kubernetes can expose a
container using the DNS name or using their own IP address. If traffic to a
container is high, Kubernetes is able to load balance and distribute the
network traffic so that the deployment is stable.
2. Storage orchestration Kubernetes allows you to automatically mount a
storage system of your choice, such as local storages, public cloud
providers, and more.
3. Automated rollouts and rollbacks You can describe the desired state for
your deployed containers using Kubernetes, and it can change the actual
state to the desired state at a controlled rate. For e.g., you can automate
Kubernetes to create new containers for your deployment, remove existing
7
containers and adopt all their resources to the new container. 5
 Need of Kubernetes in Cloud
4. Automatic bin packing You provide Kubernetes with a cluster of nodes
that it can use to run containerized tasks. You tell Kubernetes how much
CPU and memory (RAM) each container needs. Kubernetes can fit
containers onto your nodes to make the best use of your resources.
5. Self-healing Kubernetes restarts containers that fail, replaces containers,
kills containers that don't respond to your user-defined health check, and
doesn't advertise them to clients until they are ready to serve.
6. Secret and configuration management Kubernetes lets you store and
manage sensitive information, such as passwords, OAuth tokens, and SSH
keys. You can deploy and update secrets and application configuration
without rebuilding your container images, and without exposing secrets in
7
your stack configuration 6
 Kubernetes Architecture & How it works?
Containers encapsulate an application in a form that’s portable and easy to
deploy. The Kubernetes architecture is designed to run containerized
applications. A Kubernetes cluster consists of at least one control plane and at
least one worker node (typically a physical or virtual server). The control
plane has two main responsibilities. It exposes the Kubernetes API through
the API server and manages the nodes that make up the cluster. The control
plane makes decisions about cluster management and detects and responds to
cluster events.

The smallest unit of execution for an application running in Kubernetes is the

Kubernetes Pod, which consists of one or more containers. Kubernetes Pods
7
run on worker nodes. 7
Kubernetes Architecture & How it works?
Additional Kubernetes Terminology :
It’s important to know the names and functions of the major K8s components
that are part of the control plane or that execute on Kubernetes nodes.

7
8
Kubernetes Architecture & How it works?
The control plane has four primary components used to control
communications, manage nodes and keep track of the state of a
Kubernetes cluster.
1. Kube-apiserver. As its name suggests, the kube-apiserver exposes the
Kubernetes API.
2. etcd. A key-value store where all data relating to the Kubernetes cluster is
stored.
3. Kube-scheduler. Watches for new Kubernetes Pods with no assigned
nodes and assigns them to a node for execution based on resources,
policies, and ‘affinity’specifications.
4. Kube-controller-manager. All controller functions of the control plane
7
are compiled into a single binary: kube-controller-manager. 9
Kubernetes Architecture & How it works?
A K8s node has three major components:
Kubelet. An agent that makes sure that the necessary containers are running
in a Kubernetes Pod.

Kube-proxy. A network proxy that runs on each node in a cluster to maintain

network rules and allow communication.

Container runtime. The software responsible for running containers.

Kubernetes supports any runtime that adheres to the Kubernetes CRI
(Container Runtime Interface).

8
0
 Kubernetes Architecture & How it works?
Additional terms to be aware of include:
Kubernetes service. A Kubernetes service is a logical abstraction for a group
of Kubernetes Pods which all perform the same function. Kubernetes services
are assigned unique addresses which stay the same even as pod instances
come and go.

Controller. Controllers ensure that the actual running state of the Kubernetes
cluster is as close as possible to the desired state.

Operator. Kubernetes Operators allow you to encapsulate domain-specific

knowledge for an application similar to a run book. By automating
application-specific tasks, Operators allow you to more easily deploy and

manage applications on K8s. 8

1
 Kubernetes Advantages
1. Portability. Containers are portable across a range of environments from
virtual environments to bare metal. Kubernetes is supported in all major
public clouds, as a result, you can run containerized applications on K8s
across many different environments.
2. Integration and extensibility. Kubernetes is extensible to work with the
solutions you already rely on, including logging, monitoring, and alerting
services. The Kubernetes community is working on a variety of open
source solutions complementary to Kubernetes, creating a rich and fast-
growing ecosystem.
3. Cost efficiency. Kubernetes' inherent resource optimization, automated
scaling, and flexibility to run workloads where they provide the most value
8
means your IT spend is in your control. 2
 Kubernetes Advantages
4. Scalability. Cloud native applications scale horizontally. Kubernetes uses
“auto-scaling,” spinning up additional container instances and scaling out
automatically in response to demand.

5. API-based. The fundamental fabric of Kubernetes is its REST API.

Everything in the Kubernetes environment can be controlled through
programming.

6. Simplified CI/CD. CI/CD is a DevOps practice that automates building,

testing and deploying applications to production environments. Enterprises
are integrating Kubernetes and CI/CD to create scalable CI/CD pipelines
that adapt dynamically to load.
8
3
Kubernetes Vs Docker

8
4
 Docker Vs Container
Sr.
Docker Image Docker Container
No
It is Blueprint of the
1 It is instance of the Image.
Container.

2 Image is a logical entity. Container is a real world entity.

Containers are created any

3 Image is created only once.
number of times using image.

Containers changes only if old

4 Images are immutable. image is deleted and new is
used to build the container.

Containers requires computing

Images does not require
5 resources to run as they run as
computing resource to work. Docker Virtual Machine 8
5
 DevOps in Cloud Computing
The word DevOps is a combination of two words
Development and Operations. Before getting into what
DevOps is, let us get an idea about the two teams involved

in software development. The development team is

responsible for developing, designing, and building the
application. The operation team deals with the deployment
and testing of the application. If there are problems with the
application, the operation team also provides feedback to the
development team. Now let us get to the history of DevOps.
8
6
 History of DevOps in Cloud Computing
Let us see some important events of DevOps :

2007-2008: The DevOps idea was started

2009: In the initial stage the first conference was ” Deploys a day: Dev and Ops cooperation
of flicker.” Another conference called “DevOps Days in Ghent, Belgium” also happened.

2010:DevOps days conference happened in the United States at mount view, calif.

2012: Allana browns at puppet creates a state of DevOps report

2014: Publishing the annual “State of DevOps report”

2017: Forrester Research calls 2017 “The Year of DevOps”

2018: 30 DevOps day conferences were scheduled across the united states. 8
7
 DevOps in Cloud Computing
The word DevOps is a combination of two words
Development and Operations. Before getting into what
DevOps is, let us get an idea about the two teams involved

in software development. The development team is

responsible for developing, designing, and building the
application. The operation team deals with the deployment
and testing of the application. If there are problems with the
application, the operation team also provides feedback to the

development team. Now let us get to the history of DevOps.

8
8
Objectives of DevOps in Cloud Computing
It improves the collaboration between stakeholders
from planning to delivery and implements
automation of the delivery process to:

1. Improve the frequency of the deployment

2. Achieve faster time to market the end product
3. Decreases the failure rate of new releases
4. It shortens the lead time between fixes
5. Improves the meantime for the recovery purpose 8
9
 What is DevOps ?
DevOps is not a tool or a team, it is the process or a methodology of using various
tools to solve the problems between Developers and Operations team, hence the
term “Dev-Ops”
The development team always had the pressure of completing the old, pending work
that was considered faulty by the operations team. With DevOps, there is no wait time
to deploy the code and get it tested. Hence, the developer gets instantaneous feedback
on the code, and therefore can close the bugs, and can make the code production ready
faster!

9
0
Objectives of DevOps in Cloud Computing
It improves the collaboration between stakeholders
from planning to delivery and implements
automation of the delivery process to:

1. Improve the frequency of the deployment

2. Achieve faster time to market the end product
3. Decreases the failure rate of new releases
4. It shortens the lead time between fixes
5. Improves the meantime for the recovery purpose 9
1
 DevOps Architecture in Cloud Computing
Plan – In DevOps planning plays an important role. In this stage, all the
requirements of the project and everything regarding the project like time for
each stage, cost. etc are discussed. This will help everyone in teams to get a
brief idea about the project.

9
2
 DevOps Architecture in Cloud Computing
Code – In this Stage the code is written over here according to the client’s
requirements. Here the code is divided into small codes called Units. This is done
to get a clear picture of the code. For example, if the team is doing a project on an
online -Ekart application then the login part is divided as one unit, after login the
page which shows all the categories is divided as another unit, user profile as
another unit, etc.

Some of the examples of the tools used are Git, JIRA

Build – In this stage Building of the units is done. Some of the examples of the
tools used are maven, Gradle.

Test – Testing of all units is done in this stage. So we will get to know where
exactly the code is having bugs and if there are mistakes found it is returned. Some
of the examples of the tools used are Selenium, PYtest
9
3
 DevOps Architecture in Cloud Computing
Integrate – In this stage, all the units of the codes are integrated. That means
in this step we will be creating a connection between the development team
and the operation team to implement Continuous Integration and Continuous
Deployment. An example of the tool used is Jenkins.

Deploy – In this stage, the code is deployed on the client’s environment.

Some of the examples of the tools used are AWS, Docker.

Operate – Operations are performed on the code if required. Some of the

examples of the tools used are Kubernetes, open shift.

Monitor – In this stage monitoring of the application is done over here in the
client’s environment. Some of the examples of the tools used are Nagios,
elastic stack. 9
4
 Advantages of DevOps
1. Faster development of software and quick deliveries.
2. DevOps is flexible and adaptable to changes easily.
3. Compared to the previous software development models confusion about
the project is decreased due to which the product quality and efficiency are
increased.
4. The gap between the development team and operation team was bridged.
i.e, the communication between the teams has been increased.
5. Efficiency is increased by the addition of automation which includes
continuous integration and continuous deployment.

6. Customer satisfaction is enhanced.

9
5
 Disadvantages of DevOps
1. DevOps is expensive.
2. Certain levels of skills are required for maintaining the DevOps
architecture.
3. Adopting DevOps technology into the traditional style of industries is
quite a challenge.

9
6
 Applications of DevOps
Adobe:
This company faced the issue regarding the monolithic architecture and there
are communication issues between the teams so they integrated microservice
architecture and CI/CD pipelines for point-to-point communication.

Amazon and Netflix:

These companies faced the same problem. At the initial stages, they were
adapted to monolithic architecture. But as they grew to handle the huge
amount of traffic they adopted AWS cloud-based microservice architecture.

9
7
 Applications of DevOps
HP:
This company faced a problem regarding testing their software. Here bugs are
detected using manual testing after six weeks of writing code and if there are
any bugs found it would take one week to fix them. So to overcome this issue
they integrated the Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment
pipeline.

United Airlines:
United Airlines, Inc. is a major American airline. This company changed its
traditional method of testing to continuous testing using DevOps which
helped the company to save $500,000.It also increased its coverage of code
9
by 85%. 8
 IOT &
Cloud
Convergence
9
9
 IOT & Cloud Convergence
Internet-of-Things can benefit from the scalability,
performance and pay-as-you-go nature of cloud
computing infrastructures. Indeed, as IoT applications
produce large volumes of data and comprise multiple
computational components (e.g., data processing and
analytics algorithms), their integration with cloud
computing infrastructures could provide them with
opportunities for cost-effective on-demand scaling. As
prominent examples consider the following settings: 1
0
0
 IOT & Cloud Convergence
A Small Medium Enterprise (SME) developing an energy
management IoT product, targeting smart homes and smart
buildings. By streaming the data of the product (e.g., sensors and
WSN data) into the cloud it can accommodate its growth needs in a
scalable and cost effective fashion. As the SMEs acquires more
customers and performs more deployments of its product, it is able
to collect and manage growing volumes of data in a scalable way,
thus taking advantage of a “pay-as-you-grow” model. Moreover,
cloud integration allows the SME to store and process massive
datasets collected from multiple (rather than a single) deployments.
1
0
1
 IOT & Cloud Convergence
A smart city can benefit from the cloud-based deployment of its IoT
systems and applications. A city is likely to deploy many IoT
applications, such as applications for smart energy management, smart
water management, smart transport management, urban mobility of the
citizens and more. These applications comprise multiple sensors and
devices, along with computational components. Furthermore, they are
likely to produce very large data volumes. Cloud integration enables the
city to host these data and applications in a cost-effective way.
Furthermore, the elasticity of the cloud can directly support expansions
to these applications, but also the rapid deployment of new ones without
major concerns about the provisioning of the required cloud computing
resources.
1
0
2
 IOT & Cloud Convergence
A cloud computing provider offering pubic cloud services can extend
them to the IoT area, through enabling third-parties to access its
infrastructure in order to integrate IoT data and/or computational
components operating over IoT devices. The provider can offer IoT
data access and services in a pay-as-you-fashion, through enabling
third-parties to access resources of its infrastructure and accordingly
to charge them in a utility-based fashion.

These motivating examples illustrate the merit and need

for converging IoT and cloud computing infrastructure.1
0
3
 Benefits/Functions of IOT Cloud
• IoT Cloud Computing provides many connectivity options, implying large
network access. People use a wide range of devices to gain access to cloud
computing resources: mobile devices, tablets, laptops. This is convenient for
users but creates the problem of the need for network access points.
• Developers can use IoT cloud computing on-demand. In other words, it is a
web service accessed without special permission or any help. The only
requirement is Internet access.
• Based on the request, users can scale the service according to their needs.
Fast and flexible means you can expand storage space, edit software settings,
and work with the number of users. Due to this characteristic, it is possible
to provide deep computing power and storage.
• Cloud Computing implies the pooling of resources. It influences increased
1
collaboration and builds close connections between users. 0
4
 Benefits/Functions of IOT Cloud
• As the number of IoT devices and automation in use grows, security
concerns emerge. Cloud solutions provide companies with reliable
authentication and encryption protocols.
• Finally, IoT cloud computing is convenient because you get exactly as
much from the service as you pay. This means that costs vary depending
on use: the provider measures your usage statistics. A growing network
of objects with IP addresses is needed to connect to the Internet and
exchange data between the components of the network.
It is important to note that cloud architecture must be well-designed
since reliability, security, economy, and performance optimization
depends upon it. Using well-designed CI/CD pipelines, structured
services, and sandboxed environments results in a secure environment
and agile development. 1
0
5
The Cloud and IOT in your Home

1
0
6
 The Cloud and IOT in your Home
• The concept of Home Automation aims to bring the control of operating your every
day home electrical appliances to the tip of your finger, thus giving user affordable
lighting solutions, better energy conservation with optimum use of energy. Apart
from just lighting solutions, the concept also further extends to have a overall control
over your home security as well as build a centralized home entertainment system
and much more. The Internet of Things (or commonly referred to as IoT) based
Home Automation system, as the name suggests aims to control all the devices of
your smart home through internet protocols or cloud based computing.

• The IoT based Home Automation system offer a lot of flexibility over the wired
systems s it comes with various advantages like ease-of-use, ease-of-installation,
avoid complexity of running through wires or loose electrical connections, easy fault
detection and triggering and above and all it even offers easy mobility. 1
0
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Home Automation Architecture for IOT & Cloud

1
0
8
 The Cloud and IOT in your Home
Thus IoT based Home Automation system consist of a servers and sensors. These servers
are remote servers located on Internet which help you to manage and process the data
without the need of personalised computers. The internet based servers can be configured
to control and monitor multiple sensors installed at the desired location.

1
0
9
 The Cloud and IOT in your Home
Controller: The Brain of Your System
The main controller or the hub is the most essential part of your Home Automation
system irrespective of whether you connect single or multiple sensors in your home. The
main controller or the hub is also referred to as gateway and is connected to your home
router through the Ethernet cable. All the IoT based sensors transmits or receive
commands through the centralised hub. The hub in turn receives the input or
communicates the output to cloud network located over the internet.
Due to this kind of architecture, it is possible to communicate with the centralised hub
even from remote and distant locations through your smartphone. All you need is just a
reliable internet connection at the hub location and the data package to your smartphone
that helps you connect to the cloud network.
Most of the smart home controllers available in the market from several manufacturers
cater to all three widely used protocols of wireless communication for H1ome
1
Automation: ZigBee, Z-Wave and Wi-Fi. 0
 The Cloud and IOT in your Home
Smart Devices: The Sensory Organs of Your Home
The IoT based home automation consist of several smart devices for different
applications of lighting, security, home entertainment etc. All these devices are integrated
over a common network established by gateway and connected in a mesh network. This
means that it gives users the flexibility to operate one sensor based followed by the
action of the other. For e.g. you can schedule to trigger the living room lights as soon as
the door/windows sensor of your main door triggers after 7pm in the evening.
Thus all the sensors within a common network can perform cross-talk via the main
controller unit. As shown in the figure, some of the smart sensors in home automation
acts as sensor hubs. These are basically the signal repeaters of signal bouncers which that
are located in the midway between the hub installation location and the sensors that are at
a distant location. For such long distances, these sensor hubs play an important role to
allow easy transmission of signals to sensors that are far away from the main controller
but in closer proximity to the sensor hub. The commonly used sensor hubs in IoT based
Home Automation system are Smart Plugs.
1
1
1
 The Cloud and IOT in your Home
Connected with the Cloud: Access Everything on the Go
The Cloud-based-Networking system involves storage and maintenance of data over the
Internet location. This gives users the flexibility to have access to the data from any
location on the planet.

As a result of this, in IoT based Home Automation systems users over the cloud network
can send commands to the hub even from a distant or remote location. The hub will
further send the signal for the intended sensors to trigger and perform the user-requested
action. Once the action is performed, the hub will update the status of the action taken to
the cloud network and in this way users can control and monitor every aspect of their
smart homes.

1
1
2
 The Cloud and IOT in your Home
Events and Notifications: Get Notified Instantly
Real-time monitoring and notifications is one of the key features of IoT based Home
Automation systems. Since the hub is connected over the cloud network through the
Internet, you can schedule various events as per your routine activities or daily
schedules. The cloud network can receive and store all the user inputs and transfer them
to the hub as per the scheduled events.

Once the hub transfer the desired signals to the target sensor and the desired action takes
places, it will quickly upload the new status over the cloud notifying user
instantaneously. For e.g. the motion sensor will instantaneously notify the user wither
through emails, SMS, calls or App notifications when it detects any unwanted motion or
intrusion. After receiving such notification, the user can quickly turn on the IP based
home security smart camera can check the status of your home even from remote
1
1
location. 3
 Examples of IOT at home
1. Smart Lighting –
Smart lighting for home helps in saving energy by adapting the life to the ambient
condition and switching on/off or dimming the light when needed.
Smart lighting solutions for homes achieve energy saving by sensing the human
movements and their environments and controlling the lights accordingly.

2. Smart Appliances –
Smart appliances with the management are here and also provide status information to
the users remotely.
Smart washer/dryer can be controlled remotely and notify when the washing and drying
are complete.
Smart refrigerators can keep track of the item store and send updates to the users when an
item is low on stock. 1
1
4
 Examples of IOT at home
Intrusion Detection –
• Home intrusion detection systems use security cameras and sensors to detect intrusion
and raise alerts.
• Alert can we inform of an SMS or an email sent to the user.
• Advanced systems can even send detailed alerts such as an image shoot or short video
clips.

Smoke/gas detectors –
• Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to detect smoke that is typically
an early sign of Fire.

• It uses optical detection, ionization for Air sampling techniques to detect smoke.
• Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful gases such as CO, LPG, etc.
• It can raise alerts in the human voice describing where the problem is. 1
1
5
 IOT & Cloud in your Automobile
Internet of Things (IoT) has crucial applications in the transportation system. IoT plays
an important role in all the field of transportation as air-transportation, water-
transportation, and land transportation. All the component of these transportation fields is
built with smart devices (sensors, processors) and interconnected through cloud server or
different servers that transmit data to networks.

1
1
6
 IOT & Cloud in your Automobile
Connected to every means of travel
IoT in transportation is not only for traveling from one place to another, but it also makes
safer, greener and more convenient. For example, a smart car performs work
simultaneously such as navigation, communication, entertainment, efficient, more
reliable travel. IoT facilitates travelers to remain seamlessly connected to every means of
travel. The vehicle is connected with the variety of wireless standards to the internet such
as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, intelligent traffic system, and even to other vehicles.

1
1
7
 IOT & Cloud in your Automobile
Traffic Monitoring and Avoid Collision
Sensors built inside or outside a vehicle suggest lane departure and continuously monitor
object at all side to avoid the collision. IoT component of transportation does not only
mean within the vehicle, but it extends beyond car to communicate other, enabling
automate real-time decision to optimize travel. For example, traffic monitoring camera
identifies the accident or traffic conjunction and send an alert message to the nearest
traffic control room and send current traffic conjunction information to other near
vehicles to divert their route.

1
IoT also helps in tracking vehicle current location and distance travel. 1
8
 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
It is important to say that the future of the automotive industry belongs to autonomous
vehicles.
Such vehicles guarantee safety on the roads and bring a new level of the users’ comfort.
The combination of such IoT devices like cameras, sensors, radars, Inertial Measurement
Units (IMU), etc. gives a lot of possibilities for further development of the Internet of
Things for vehicles.

The development of autonomous vehicles (AV) with IoT implementation will positively
impact the environment. For example, Tesla has already announced their new service
called Robotaxi. It will let every Tesla owner add via the app their car to the Robotaxi’s
service and point out particular hours for sharing his/her car with other people. In this
way, the amount of cars and air pollution will be reduced, and it is also a chance for car
owners to defray their maintenance expenses. 1
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 IOT in Healthcare
IoT technology brings numerous applications in healthcare, from

remote monitoring to smart sensors to medical device integration. It

keeps the patients safe and healthy as well as improves the physician

delivers care towards the patients.

Healthcare devices collect diverse data from a large set of real-world

cases that increases the accuracy and the size of medical data.
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 Factor affecting IoT Healthcare Application
There are various factors that affect the IoT healthcare application. Some
of them are mention below:
1. Continuous Research: It requires continuous research in every field
(smart devices, fast communication channel, etc.) of healthcare to provide
a fast and better facility for patients.
2. Smart Devices: Need to use the smart device in the healthcare system. IoT
opens the potential of current technology and leads us toward new and
better medical device solutions.
3. Better Care: Using IoT technology, healthcare professionals get the
enormous data of the patient, analysis the data and facilitate better care to
the patient.

4. Medical Information Distribution: IoT technology makes a transparency

of information and distributes the accurate and current information to
patients. This leads the fewer accidents from miscommunication, better
preventive care, and improved patient satisfaction. 1
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 Simple Healthcare System Architecture
The application of the Internet of Things (IoT ) in healthcare transforms it
into more smart, fast and more accurate. There is different IoT architecture in
healthcare that brings start health care system.

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 Simple Healthcare System Architecture
Product Infrastructure: IoT product infrastructure such as hardware/software
component read the sensors signals and display them to a dedicated device.

Sensors: IoT in healthcare has different sensors devices such as pulse-

oximeter, electrocardiogram, thermometer, fluid level sensor,
sphygmomanometer (blood pressure) that read the current patient situation
(data).

Connectivity: IoT system provides better connectivity (using Bluetooth,

WiFi, etc.) of devices or sensors from microcontroller to server and vice-versa
to read data.

Analytics: Healthcare system analyzes the data from sensors and correlates to
get healthy parameters of the patient and on the basis of their analyze data
they can upgrade the patient health.

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 Simple Healthcare System Architecture
Application Platform: IoT system access information to healthcare
professionals on their monitor device for all patients with all details.

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 IoT challenges in Healthcare
1. Data security & privacy

2. Integration: multiple devices & protocols

3. Data overload & accuracy

4. Cost

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 REFERENCES
1. https://data-flair.training/blogs/future-of-cloud-computing/

2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-mobile-cloud-computing/

3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_mobile.htm

4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235752286_Autonomic_Management_of_Application_Wo
rkflows_on_Hybrid_Computing_Infrastructure

5. https://www.cometsystem.com/reg-
cloud#:~:text=COMET%20Cloud%20is%20an%20Internet,of%20a%20table%20or%20graph.

6. https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/IPTV-Internet-Protocol-television

7. https://www.nevron.eu/blog/iptv/

8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324029239_Energy-aware_cloud_computing

9. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Jungle-computing-system-55_fig11_319352828

10. http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-edge-computing-and-distributed-
computing/

11. https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/container-cloud-computing/
 REFERENCES
12. https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-are-containers

13. https://www.ibm.com/in-en/cloud/learn/containers

14. https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/

15. https://www.jigsawacademy.com/blogs/cloud-computing/docker-in-cloud-computing/

16. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/what-is-kubernetes/

17. https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary/content/kubernetes.html#:~:text=Kubernetes%2C%20ofte
n%20abbreviated%20as%20%E2%80%9CK8s,infrastructure%20or%20public%20cloud%20platfor
ms.

18. http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-kubernetes-and-docker/

19. https://www.edureka.co/blog/devops-tutorial

20. https://smartify.in/knowledgebase/iot-based-home-automation-system/

21. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/iot-home-automation/
22. https://www.javatpoint.com/iot-
healthcare#:~:text=Internet%20of%20Things%20(IoT)%20in,delivers%20care%20towards%20the
%20patients.
THANK YOU!!!