Module 3

OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

MATH 002 – Statistics and Probability
Module No. _3_
I. OUTCOMES OF LEARNING
1. Illustrates random sampling

2. Distinguishes between parameters and statistics
3. Identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean)
4. Finds the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean
5. Defines the sampling distribution of the sample mean for
normal population when the variance is: (a) known; (b)
unknown
II. LESSON PRESENTATION
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
In research, it is important that researchers understand the right ways of selecting a sampling method for
the research. In order to utilize the time of the researchers since they are working with samples to collect data and
information of their respondents from a large population. The illustration below will show the relationship of
population and sample:
POPULATION SAMPLING SAMPLE
Population – consists of the entire group that is the subject of the study.
Sampling – process of selecting participants from the population.
Sample – group of people which are members of the population and data will be collected from them.
The process of selecting participants must be done carefully and fairly to avoid biased samples.
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LESSON 3: RANDOM SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
Module No. _3_
The division sampling techniques is shown below:
JUDGEMENT
SAMPLING
VOLUNTARY
SIMPLE RANDOM SYSTEMATIC CONVENIENCE
RESPONSE
SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
SAMPLING
PROBABILITY NON- PROBABILITY
Sampling
SAMPLING SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES: Methods TECHNIQUES:
STRATIFIED CLUSTER PURPOSIVE SNOWBALL

SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
QUOTA
SAMPLING
Random Sampling - a process whose members had an equal chance of being selected from the population.
It is also called as probability sampling.
RANDOM CONCEPT/DEFINITION EXAMPLES

SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
Simple Random A process of selecting sample size in the Different methods that involve drawing/selecting
Sampling population via random numbers or through sample such as: drawing strips of paper with
lottery. numbers written, using random numbers, or using
computer programs
Systematic A process of selecting a kth element in the In a given data given, you will consider every 5th or
Random population until the desired number of whatever nth you prefer on the list.
Sampling subjects or respondents is attained.
Stratified A process of subdividing the population A survey about timekeeping might divide the
Sampling into subgroups or strata and drawing population by time zone, then take 100 samples per
names at random from each subgroup or zone.
stratum.
Cluster A process of selecting clusters (groups) For us to determine the opinion of the residents of
Sampling from a population which is very large or Manila regarding the improvement of living in the
widely spread out over a wide city. We may use the cluster sampling by subdividing
geographical area. the city into districts then select at random the
number of districts to be used as samples.
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Module No. _3_
Non- Random Sampling - A sampling procedure where samples are selected in a deliberate manner
with little or no attention to randomization; also called non- probability
sampling.
Non-random Concepts/Definition Examples

Sampling
Techniques
Convenience It is a process of selecting a group of A researcher may only include close friends and
Sampling individuals who are (conveniently) available clients to be included in the sample population.
for study.
Purposive A process of selecting that is based from A human resource director interviews the
Sampling judgment to select samples from which the qualified applicants in a supervisory position.
researcher believed, based from judgment (Note: Qualified applicants are selected by the
to select a sample needs. HR Director which is based on his own
judgment.)
Quota It is applied when an investigator survey When the respondents are composed of men
Sampling collects information from an assigned aged over 30 or 20 people who have bought
number, or quota of individuals from one cellular phones in the last week, it is in the
several sample units fulfilling certain interviewer’s discretion which men or cellular
prescribed criteria or belonging to one phone buyers they select.
stratum.
Snowball It is a technique in which one or more Attempting to obtain the frame that includes all
Sampling members of a population are located and homeless people in Metro Manila. To obtain a
used to lead the researchers to other sample of homeless individuals, for example, the
members of the population. researcher will interview individuals on the street
or at homeless shelters.
Voluntary A technique when samples are composed of Consider a news show asking their viewers to
Sampling respondents who are self-select into the participate in an on-line poll. The samples are
study/survey. Most of the time samples have viewers who have chosen themselves and not
a strong interest in the topic of the study. the survey administrator.
Judgment A technique when the researcher relies on In a study wherein a researcher wants to know
Sampling his /her personal/sound judgment in what it takes to be a topnotcher in a bar
choosing to participate in the study or the examination, the only people who can give the
sample selected is based on the opinion of researcher first hand advice are individuals who
an expert. are bar topnotcher.
PARAMETERS VS. STATISTICS
PARAMETERS STATISTICS
MEANING Any quantity that describes a characteristic of Any quantity that describes a characteristic of a
a population. sample.
EXAMPLES
1.A. Standard Deviation of weights of all 1.B. Standard Deviation of weights of avocados
avocados in the region from one farm
2.A. Proportion of all residents that support 2.B. Proportion of 2000 randomly sampled
the death penalty residents that support the death penalty
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Module No. _3_
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
Sampling distribution is generally the probability distribution of the population data of a sample statistic. It
can be applied in two ways: (1) sampling with replacement and (2) sampling without replacement. In sampling with
replacement, it is when the two sample values are independent. On the other hand, the two sample values in
sampling without replacement are not independent.
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
Sampling distribution shows the behavior of the sample mean.
The following formulas will be used to easily compute and understand the applications of sampling distribution:
Sample mean (𝒙̅): Variance of population (𝝈𝟐 ):

𝛴𝑥 𝛴(𝑥− µ)2
𝑥= 𝜎2 =
𝑛 𝑁
Population mean (𝝁): Population standard deviation (𝝈):
𝛴𝑥 𝛴(𝑥− µ)2
𝜇= 𝜎= √
𝑁 𝑁
Formulas if the sample means for a sample of size can be drawn without replacement from the given population:
Recall no.1:
Mean of a sample distribution (𝝁𝒙̅ ): A. Counting rules for combinations.
𝛴(𝑥 )
𝜇𝑥 = Apply the combination formula of N objects
𝑁 𝑐𝑛
taken n at a time is
𝑁!
Variance of sample distribution (𝝈𝟐𝒙̅ ): 𝑁 𝑐𝑛 = (𝑁−𝑛)!𝑛!, 0 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 𝑁
𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 to solve for the number of possible random
𝜎𝑥2 =
𝑁 𝐶𝑛 samples if sampling is without replacement.
Standard deviation of a sample distribution(𝝈̅𝒙̅ ): B. Factorial Notation

𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 Apply Factorial Formula
𝜎𝑥̅ = √ 𝑛! = 𝑛●(𝑛 − 1)●(𝑛 − 2) … 1
𝑁 𝐶𝑛
to evaluate the factorial of the given number.
Example: 3! = (3)(2)(1) = 6
Formulas if the sample means for a sample of size can be drawn with replacement from the given population:
Mean of a sample distribution (𝝁𝒙̅ ):
𝛴(𝑥 ) Recall no.2:
𝜇𝑥 = A. Counting rules for permutations.
𝑁𝑛
Apply the permutation formula of N objects
Variance of sample distribution (𝝈𝟐𝒙̅ ): taken n at a time is
𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 𝑁 𝑛 = (𝑁)(𝑁)(𝑁) … (𝑁)
𝜎𝑥2 = to solve for the number of possible random
𝑁𝑛
samples if sampling is with replacement.
Standard deviation of a sample distribution(𝝈𝒙̅̅ ): Example: Suppose that there are 30 students
𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 in Mathematics Class and a random sample
𝜎𝑥̅ = √ of 5 students will be taken with replacement.
𝑁𝑛
Solution:
where 𝛴 = summation Given: 𝑁 = 30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 5
𝑁 = population 𝑁 𝑛 = 305
𝑛 = sample population
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SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
Students Data Consumption
Example 1: The table shows that the random variable (X)
A 80
gives the data consumption per day for the synchronous online classes
consists of six (6) Grade 11 students: B 150
C 125
D 100
E 175
F 90
a. What is the population mean, population variance and population standard deviation of the given data?
b. What is the sampling distribution of the sample means given that the sample size is 2 which can be drawn without
replacement from the given population?
c. What is the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the sampling distribution?
d. What observation can be made with respect to the population and the sampling distribution?
a. Solve for the population mean (µ):
Given: x = 80, 150, 125, 100, 175, 90; and
N=6
𝛴𝑥 = 80 + 150 + 125 + 100 + 175 + 90  Solve for the summation of x
𝛴𝑥 = 720  Answer
𝛴𝑥
µ=  Formula for the population mean (µ)
𝑁
720
µ=
6
 Substitute the values of 𝛴𝑥 and N, then simplify
µ = 120  Answer
Figure 1.1: Distribution of x
1
6
A B C D E F
1
The probability histogram shows the probability distribution of the population, wherein 6 represents that each student
has different data consumption for their synchronous online classes per day.
a.1. Solve for the population variance (𝝈𝟐 ):
Students Data 𝑥− µ (𝑥 − µ)2 Note: µ = 120

Consumption To solve the first row:
(x)
A 80 -40 1,600 𝑥 − µ = 80 – 120  Substitute the values of x and µ, simplify
B 150 30 900 𝑥 − µ = -40  Answer
C 125 5 25
D 100 -20 400 (𝑥 − µ)2 = (80 − 120)2  Substitute the values of x and µ, simplify
E 175 55 3,025 (𝑥 − µ)2 = −402  Simplify
F 90 -30 900 (𝑥 − µ)2 = 1600  Answer
𝛴(𝑥 − µ)2 = 6,850 Then, do the same process to solve the remaining rows and
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for the summation of (𝑥 − µ)2 .
𝛴(𝑥− µ)2
𝜎2 =  Formula of the population variance (𝜎 2 )
𝑁
6,850
𝜎2 =  Substitute the values of 𝛴(𝑥 − µ)2 and N, then simplify
6
𝜎 2 = 1,141.67  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer
a.2. Solve for the population standard deviation:

𝛴(𝑥− µ)2
𝜎= √ 𝛴(𝑥 − µ)2
𝜎
𝑁 = √  Formula of the population standard deviation (𝜎)
𝑁
6,850
𝜎= √  Substitute the values of 𝛴(𝑥 − µ)2 and N, then simplify
6
𝜎 = √1,141.67  Simplify
𝜎 = 33.79  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer
Hence, the population mean is 120, population variance is 1,141.67, and the population standard deviation is 33.79.
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS
b. Generate the sampling distribution of the sample means for a sample size 2:
Given: 𝑁 = 6 and 𝑛 = 2
𝑁! Note: Microsoft Excel can be used to
𝑁 𝑐𝑛 =  Formula of combination generate random numbers.
(𝑁 − 𝑛)! 𝑛!
6!
6 𝑐2 =  Substitute the values of 𝑁 and 𝑛, simplify
(6 − 2)! 2!
6!
6 𝑐2 = Recall:
4! 2!
A. Counting rules for combinations.
(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) B. Factorial Notation
𝑐 =
6 2  Apply factorial notation, simplify
(4)(3)(2)(1)(2)(1)
(Refer to Recall no.1 on page 4)
720
𝑐 =
6 2
 Simplify
48
6 𝑐2 = 15  Answer
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There are 15 possible samples size of 2 with the following sample means:
Samples Students Data Sample mean Note:

Consumption (x) (𝑥) A = 80
1 A, B 80, 150 115 B = 150
2 A, C 80, 125 102.5 C = 125
3 A, D 80, 100 90 D = 100
4 A, E 80, 175 127.5 E = 175
5 A, F 80, 90 85 F = 90
6 B, C 150, 125 137.5
7 B, D 150, 100 125 To solve the first row:
𝛴𝑥
8 B, E 150, 175 162.5 𝑥=
𝑛
9 B, F 150, 90 120
80+150
10 C, D 125, 100 112.5 𝑥=
2
11 C, E 125, 175 150
230
12 C, F 125, 90 107.5 𝑥=
2
13 D, E 100, 175 137.5
14 D, F 100, 90 95 𝑥 = 115
15 E, F 175, 90 132.5
Then, do the same process to solve the remaining rows
𝛴𝑥 = 1,800 and the summation of the sample mean 𝛴(𝑥 ̅ ).
c. Solve for the mean of the distribution of the sample means (𝝁𝒙̅ ):
𝛴(𝑥
̅)
𝜇𝑥 =  Formula for the sample mean (𝜇𝑥 )
𝑁 𝑐𝑛
1800  Substitute the values of 𝛴(𝑥

̅ ) and 𝑁 𝑐𝑛 , then simplify
𝜇𝑥 =
15
𝜇𝑥 = 120  Answer
Figure 1.2: Distribution of 𝐱̅

2
15
1
15
85 90 95 102.5 107.5 112.5 115 120 125 127.5 132.5 137.5 150 162.5
The probability histogram shows the probability distribution of the sample means, wherein among 15 samples only
2
137.50 was repeated twice which represents as 15.
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c.1. Solve for the variance of the sampling distribution (𝝈𝟐𝒙̅ ):
Samples Students Data Consumption Sample mean 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2

(x) (𝑥)
1 A, B 80, 150 115 -5 25 Given: 𝜇𝑥 = 120
2 A, C 80, 125 102.5 -17.5 306.25
3 A, D 80, 100 90 -30 900 To solve each row,
4 A, E 80, 175 127.5 7.5 56.25 refer to the table of
5 A, F 80, 90 85 -35 1,225 the population
6 B, C 150, 125 137.5 17.5 306.25 variance (𝜎 2 ) (page
7 B, D 150, 100 125 5 25 5). Then, solve for
2
8 B, E 150, 175 162.5 42.5 1,806.25 ̅ − 𝜇𝑥̅ ) .
𝛴 (𝑥
9 B, F 150, 90 120 0 0
10 C, D 125, 100 112.5 -7.5 56.25
11 C, E 125, 175 150 30 900
12 C, F 125, 90 107.5 -12.5 156.25
13 D, E 100, 175 137.5 17.5 306.25
14 D, F 100, 90 95 -25 625
15 E, F 175, 90 132.5 12.5 156.25
𝛴𝑥 = 1,800 𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 = 6850
𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
𝜎𝑥2 =  Formula of the variance of the sampling distribution (𝜎𝑥2 )
𝑁 𝐶𝑛
6850 2
𝜎𝑥2 =  Substitute the values of 𝛴(𝑥
̅ − 𝜇𝑥̅ ) and 𝑁, then simplify
15
𝜎𝑥2 = 456.67  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer

2
c.2. Solve for the
15 standard deviation of the sampling distribution:
𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2
𝜎𝑥̅ = √ 2  Formula of standard deviation of the sampling distribution (𝜎𝑥̅ )
𝑁 𝐶𝑛
15
6850 2
𝜎𝑥̅ = √  Substitute the values of 𝛴(𝑥
̅ − 𝜇𝑥̅ ) and 𝑁, then simplify
15
𝜎𝑥̅ = √456.67  Simplify
𝜎𝑥̅ = 21.37  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer
Hence, the population mean is 120, the variance of the sampling distribution is 456.67, and the standard deviation is
of the sampling distribution is 21.37.
d. The computed sample mean is equal to the mean of the population, where 𝜇 = 120 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇𝑥 = 120. The sample
means and the population vary from different values; sample means vary from 85 to 162.5, whereas the population
varies from 1 to 6. Lastly, the graph which represents the distribution of the population and sample means showed
that the shape of the graph changed from the population to the sample.
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Module No. _3_
Define the sampling distribution of the sample mean for a normal population when the variance is
known and when it is unknown.
The Standard Error of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
The General Properties of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 𝑋̅:
 The mean value of 𝑋̅ is equal to the population mean, 𝜇𝑥 = 𝜇.
 The formula for the standard deviation of an infinite population or sampling with replacement is
𝜎
𝜎𝑥 = .
√𝑛
 The formula for the standard deviation of a finite population or sampling without replacement is
𝑁−𝑛
𝜎𝑥= 𝜎 • √ .
√𝑛 𝑁−1
𝑁−𝑛
√ = Finite Population Correction Factor. This quantity is close to 1 if the population is large and the
𝑁−1
sample size is relatively small.
Note: These properties emphasize that the sample mean can be used to estimate the population mean, 𝜇.
Remember:
The Standard Deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is also called the standard error.
The standard error of the sample mean is given by:
𝜎
𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑟(𝑥) = √𝑉(𝑥) =
√𝑛
Note: The Standard Error of the Sampling distribution of the sample means decreases as the sample size
increases.
Examples:
1. A random sample of size 50 is taken from a large population with mean 𝜇 = 160 and standard deviation
𝜎 = 18.
a. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
Solution:
When a random sample of size 50 is taken from a population with mean 𝜇 = 160, the mean of the
sample mean is given by
𝜇𝑥 = 𝜇 = 160.
b. What is the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample means?
Solution:
When a random sample of size 50 is taken from a population with standard deviation 𝜎 = 18, the
standard error is given by
𝜎 18
𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑟(𝑥) = √𝑉(𝑥) = = = 2.5456.
√𝑛 √50
c. For an infinite population with n = 25, the standard deviation is

𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
𝜎𝑥 = = =
√𝑛 √25 5
1
Therefore, the standard deviation of the 𝑋̅distribution is one-fifth ( ) of the population standard
5
deviation
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I
III. NTERACTIVE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Define sampling. Give examples where we use this method.

2. What are the differences between random sampling and non-random sampling? Enumerate and define
the techniques of each sampling method.
3. In what way do we distinguish parameters and statistics?
4. Identify the two (2) methods for us to apply the sampling distribution. State the difference between the
two (2) methods.
5. Enumerate the general properties of sampling distribution of the sample mean.
IV. VALUES REFLECTION

Directions: Read the short statement given. Answer the following question below. Write your answers on the
space provided.
Question: Year 2020 was an extreme roller coaster ride. It was bizarre. Since we are still under a lot of challenges
in life. Make a data of food expenses per day consists of at most 30 students.
Then, answer the following:
a. What is the population mean, population variance and population standard deviation of the given data?
b. What is the sampling distribution of the sample means given that the sample size is 2 which can be drawn
without replacement from the given population?
c. What is the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the sampling distribution?
d. What observation can be made with respect to the population and the sampling distribution?
V. ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT
Directions: Read the following problems carefully. Answer with the best of your ability. Box your final
answer. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. A large population has a mean of 200 with a standard deviation of 21. Suppose a random sample of size
64 will be taken.
What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
What is the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample means?
2. In an infinite population with a sample size of n=49. What is the standard deviation of the sample mean
distribution?
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VI. RESEARCH EXPLORATION

Directions: Read the statement carefully. You may present your data on the space provided.
Do a study on Grade 11 students’ (your respective sections) average food expenses per week. Collect data using
an appropriate random sampling technique. Present the sampling variability of the data and make conclusions about
the sampling distribution of the sample mean. The sample used must be appropriate and the concept of sampling
distributions must be correctly applied in interpreting the results of the study.
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VII. NTEGRATION PROCESS AND SYNTHESIS
Population – consists of the entire group that is the subject of the study.
Sampling – process of selecting participants from the population.
Sample – group of people which are members of the population and data will be collected from them.
Biased sample refers to giving equal chance of selecting participants.
Sampling Techniques:
• Probability sampling techniques: Simple random sampling, Systematic sampling, Stratified
sampling and Cluster sampling
• Non-probability sampling techniques: Convenience sample, Voluntary Response sample,
S Purposive sample, Snowball sample, Judgement sampling, and Quota sampling.
Y Parameters- any quantity that describes a characteristic of a sample.

Statistics- Any quantity that describes a characteristic of a population.
N
Sampling distribution- generally the probability distribution of the population data of a sample
T statistic. It can be applied in two ways, namely: (1) sampling with replacement and (2) sampling
without replacement.
H
The General Properties of the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 𝑋̅:
 The mean value of 𝑋̅ is equal to the population mean, 𝜇𝑥 = 𝜇.
E  The formula for the standard deviation of an infinite population or sampling with
𝜎
replacement is 𝜎𝑥 = .
S √𝑛
 The formula for the standard deviation of a finite population or sampling without
𝑁−𝑛
I replacement is 𝜎𝑥= 𝜎 • √ .
√𝑛 𝑁−1
𝑁−𝑛
S √ = Finite Population Correction Factor. This quantity is close to 1 if the population is large
𝑁−1
and the sample size is relatively small.
The Standard Deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is also called the
standard error. The standard error of the sample mean is given by:
𝜎
𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑟(𝑥) = √𝑉(𝑥) =
√𝑛
*The Standard Error of the Sampling distribution of the sample means decreases as the sample
size increases.
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Directions: Form a group with at most 10 members and make your own examples of the sample means for a
sample of size can be drawn with and without replacement from the given population. Then present the
outcomes on the class.
L
E
A
R
N
I
N
G
R
E
F
L
E
C
T
I
O
N
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VIII. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
I. Write T if the statement is correct and F if otherwise on the space provided.

1. The probability distribution of a statistic is also known as sampling distribution.
2. Sample data; statistics: Population data; statistics
3. The computed sample mean summarizes the data from the sample.
4. Samples are the subset of the population.
5. The participants are composed of women aged over 19 to 13 people who have bought milk tea in the last
month. The researcher will choose which women or buyers they select is an example of Quota Sampling.
𝑁−𝑛
6. The quantity √ is called the infinite population correction factor.
𝑁−1
𝑁−𝑛
7. If the population is large and the sample size is relatively small, the quantity √ is close to 0.
𝑁−1
8. A random sample of size 40 is taken from a large population with mean 100 and standard deviation 16.
The standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample means is 2.2589.
9. For an infinite population with n = 81, the standard deviation is 9
10. Purposive sampling refers to a process of selecting a group of individuals who are available for study.
II. Solve the given problem below (maximize the space provided):
Suppose a population has three values (10, 15, 25).
a. What are the values of the following (show your complete solutions):
 Population mean
 Population variance and population standard deviation
x 𝑥− µ (𝑥 − µ)2
𝛴(𝑥 − µ)2 =
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b. What is the sampling distribution of the sample means given that the sample size is 2 which can be drawn without
replacement from the given population and what is the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the sampling
distribution?
 Generate the sampling distribution of the sample mean with the following sample means:
Samples Sample size of 2 Sample mean 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2

(x) (𝑥)
𝛴𝑥 = 𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2 =
IX. NETWORK LINKS, DIGITAL SOURCES AND REFERENCES
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Module No. _3_
Web Resources:
https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/intermediate-algebra/factorial-notation-and-formula/
https://web.ma.utexas.edu/users/parker/sampling/repl
Book Resources:
Mesa, H.Y., & Tizon, M.B. (2018). Stat Speaks: Statistics and Probability for 21st Century-Learners. Quezon
City: St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation. pp. 104-119
Remoto-Ocampo, S., & Tresvalles, R.M. (2017). Probability, Statistics, and Applications. Quezon City: Abiva
Publishing House, Inc. pp.82-87.
Sirug, W.S. (2017). Statistics and Probability for Senior High School CORE Subject. Manila City:
Mindsharpers Co., Inc. pp.73-86.
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Module 3

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Module 3

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OLIVAREZ COLLEGE

DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

1. Illustrates random sampling

II. LESSON PRESENTATION

POPULATION SAMPLING SAMPLE

STRATIFIED CLUSTER PURPOSIVE SNOWBALL

RANDOM CONCEPT/DEFINITION EXAMPLES

Non-random Concepts/Definition Examples

PARAMETERS VS. STATISTICS

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS

Sampling distribution shows the behavior of the sample mean.

Sample mean (𝒙̅): Variance of population (𝝈𝟐 ):

Standard deviation of a sample distribution(𝝈̅𝒙̅ ): B. Factorial Notation

a.1. Solve for the population variance (𝝈𝟐 ):

Students Data 𝑥− µ (𝑥 − µ)2 Note: µ = 120

𝜎 2 = 1,141.67  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer

a.2. Solve for the population standard deviation:

𝜎 = 33.79  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEANS

Samples Students Data Sample mean Note:

1800  Substitute the values of 𝛴(𝑥

Figure 1.2: Distribution of 𝐱̅

c.1. Solve for the variance of the sampling distribution (𝝈𝟐𝒙̅ ):

Samples Students Data Consumption Sample mean 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2

𝜎𝑥2 = 456.67  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer

𝜎𝑥̅ = √456.67  Simplify

𝜎𝑥̅ = 21.37  Round to 2 decimal places as needed, answer

c. For an infinite population with n = 25, the standard deviation is

1. Define sampling. Give examples where we use this method.

IV. VALUES REFLECTION

VI. RESEARCH EXPLORATION

Biased sample refers to giving equal chance of selecting participants.

Y Parameters- any quantity that describes a characteristic of a sample.

VIII. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

I. Write T if the statement is correct and F if otherwise on the space provided.

 Population variance and population standard deviation

Samples Sample size of 2 Sample mean 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑥 )2

IX. NETWORK LINKS, DIGITAL SOURCES AND REFERENCES

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