Research Gap and Literature Review 2

The level of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Malaysia
BIM implementation in the international context
In certain developed and developing nations worldwide, the application of BIM has reached a
noteworthy degree. The use of BIM is expanding quickly on a global scale, according to a McGraw
Hill Construction research. BIM is required in the US, the UK, and several other European nations.
In Singapore, the adoption rate has reached 50%, and all projects must now be filed electronically
using BIM. Since 2016, the government has released various guidelines and best practices for the
deployment of BIM in Native format. Furthermore, Australia has had a high uptake rate; 42% of
Australian SMEs employ BIM at levels 1 and 2, and 5% have attempted level 3 (Hosseini et al.,
2016). The building sector in those countries is therefore highly competitive when it comes to
using technology and moving from conventional procedures to BIM-based technologies.
BIM implementation in Malaysian construction industry
The construction sector in Malaysia is a significant contributor to the country's GDP,

accounting for between 3 and 5 percent of GDP each year (Nasly et al., 2014). As a result, since
2007 the Malaysian construction industry has used BIM, taking extremely important measures to
improve construction performance at the national level (Latiffi et al., 2015). After that, Malaysia's
Public Works Department (PWD) adopted BIM, with the aim of using it in 10% of public projects
under Rancangan Malaysia ke-11 (RMK11) that had a budget of more than RM 50 million. All
public projects with a budget of RM100 million or greater must also use BIM as of 2018. BIM has
been implemented in 18 PWD projects at different stages, according to PWD Director-General
Datuk Seri Dr. Roslan Md. Taha. The projects' objectives for implementing BIM vary depending
on the record model, quantity of documentation, design authoring, visualisation, design review,
coordination, and/or documentation. Construction began a transformation strategy in 2015 and
promoted BIM as a means of increasing production.
The Malaysian construction industry is still governed by traditional processes, despite the
CIDB's annual programme to encourage BIM among practitioners to improve construction
practices (Akmar Abdul Nifa et al., 2015). Delays, overruns, subpar work, poor performance, and
low productivity result from this, all of which hinder development and make it harder for the nation
to compete globally. Although Malaysia's BIM implementation complied with regulations
throughout the design stage, it did not perform well during the building phase (Memon et al., 2014).
BIM is mostly used in the modelling phases of the design stage; it is not used in the construction
stage (Memon et al., 2014). This implementation fragmentation puts the sector at a low level of
BIM implementation and delays the adoption of BIM. The fragmented process can be attributed
to numerous factors, including inadequate comprehension of the BIM implementation process,
incompetence in creating plans in BIM and their effective utilisation with stakeholders, reluctance
to modify existing work practices, a lack of collaboration and coordination among different
disciplines, scarcity of usage guidelines, etc (Othman et al., 2021).
Hosseini, M. R., Banihashemi, S., Chileshe, N., Namzadi, M. O., Udaeja, C., Rameezdeen, R., &
McCuen, T. (2016). BIM adoption within Australian small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs): An innovation diffusion model. Construction Economics and Building, 16(3), 71–
86. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v16i3.5159
Latiffi, A. A., Mohd, S., & Brahim, J. (2015). Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM)
in the Malaysian Construction Industry: A Story of the First Government Project. Applied
Mechanics and Materials, 773–774, 996–1001.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.996
Memon, A. H., Rahman, I. A., Memon, I., & Azman, N. I. A. (2014). BIM in Malaysian
construction industry: Status, advantages, barriers and strategies to enhance the
implementation level. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology,
8(5), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.1012
Nasly, M., Ahmad, S. W., Marshall-Ponting, A., & Hamid, Z. A. (2014). Exploring the Barriers
and Driving Factors in Implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the
Malaysian Construction Industry: A Preliminary Study.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272202157
Othman, I., Al-Ashmori, Y. Y., Rahmawati, Y., Mugahed Amran, Y. H., & Al-Bared, M. A. M.
(2021). The level of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Malaysia. Ain
Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.04.007
Akmar Abdul Nifa, F., Nasrun Mohd Nawi, M., Abdul Rahim, S., & Rahim BDB Infra Sdn Bhd
Kedah Malaysia, S. (2015). Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in Malaysian Construction
Industry Dealing With Waste Issue. In Adv. Environ. Biol (Vol. 9, Issue 4).
http://www.aensiweb.com/AEB/

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The level of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Malaysia

BIM implementation in the international context

BIM implementation in Malaysian construction industry

The construction sector in Malaysia is a significant contributor to the country's GDP,

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