1 Magnetic Properties Example

Examples Based on Magnetic Properties
Prepared By
Prof. K. R. Gajjar
Asst. Professor
Electrical (A S & H) Dept.,
ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

(3152001)
SAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(113)
AHMEDABAD
Q. A conductor of length 10 cm carrying 5 A is placed in uniform magnetic field
of flux density 1.25 tesla. Find the force acting on the conductor, if it is placed
(1) Along the lines of magnetic flux (2) Perpendicular to the lines of flux (3) At
30o to the flux. N
• Answer: Given Data: l = 10 cm = 10 x 10-2 m

I=5A
B = 1.25 Tesla S
• We know that F = B I l sin 𝜃
N
• (1) Force along the lines of magnetic lines, 𝜃 = 0𝑜
F = B I l sin 𝜃 = 1.25 x 5 x 10 x 10-2 x sin 0 = 0 N
• (2) Force perpendicular to the lines of flux, 𝜃 = 90o
S
F = B I l sin 𝜃 = 1.25 x 5 x 10 x 10-2 x sin 90 = 0.625 N
N
• (3) Force at 30oto the lines if flux, 𝜃 =
30o
F = B I l sin 𝜃 = 1.25 x 5 x 10 x 10-2 x sin 30 = 0.3125 N
S
Q. An iron ring has its mean length of flux path as 60 cm & its cross-sectional
area as 15 cm2. If relative permeability is 500. Find the current required to be
passed through a coil of 300 turns wound around it to produce a flux density of
1.2 Tesla. What would be the flux with the same current, if the iron ring is
replaced by air-core?
• Answer: Given data: l = 60 cm = 60 x 10-2 m I
a = 15 cm2 = 15 x 10-4 m2 N
𝜇𝑟 = 500, N = 300, B = 1.2 T
• 𝑚𝑚𝑓 = ∅ × 𝑆
a
𝑙 𝐵×𝑙 1.2 ×60 × 10−2
∴ 𝑚𝑚𝑓 = 𝐵 × 𝑎 × = = = 1145.9 𝐴𝑇
𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝑎 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 4 𝜋 ×10−7 ×500
• But mmf = N x I
∴ 1145.9 = 300 × 𝐼
1145.9
∴𝐼= = 3.82 𝐴
300
• To find Bair
• I = 3.82 A, iron ring is replaced by air core,
𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝑙
• 𝑚𝑚𝑓 = Where, 𝜇𝑟 =1 for air core
𝜇0 𝜇𝑟
𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝑙
∴ 𝑚𝑚𝑓 =
𝜇0
𝜇0 × 𝑚𝑚𝑓 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 1145.9 −3 𝑇

∴ 𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑟 = = = 2.4 × 10
𝑙 60 × 10−2
Q. An iron ring having a cross sectional area of 5 cm x 4 cm and mean diameter
of 18 cm has a coil of 270 turns uniformly wound over it. A current of 1.27 A
flows through the coil which produce a flux of 1.13 mWb in the ring. Find
reluctance of the circuit, the absolute and relative permeabilities of iron.
• Answer: Given Data: a = 5 cm x 4 cm = 20 cm2 = 20 x 10-4 m2
d = 18 cm = 18 x 10-2 m, N = 270 I
I = 1.27 A, ϕ = 1.13 mWb = 1.13 x 10-3 Wb N
d
• mmf (F) = N x I = 270 x 1.27 = 342.9 AT
𝑚𝑚𝑓 342.9
• Reluctance, 𝑆 = = = 303451.133 𝐴𝑇/𝑊𝑏
∅ 1.13×10−3 a
𝑙
• Relative Permeability, 𝜇𝑟 𝑆=
𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝑎
Where, li = Length of the iron path = 𝜋 × 𝑑 = 𝜋 × 18 × 10−2 = 0.5655 𝑚
0.5655
∴ 3.3451.33 =
4𝜋 × 10−7 × 𝜇𝑟 × 20 × 10−4
∴ 𝜇𝑟 = 741.48
• Absolute Permeability 𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 741.48 = 9.317 × 10−4
Q. An iron ring of 40 cm mean diameter and 7 cm2 cross section has an air gap of
2 mm. It is informally wound with 750 turns of wire and carries of 3 A. The iron
takes 60% of total mmf. Neglect magnetic leakage. Find the total mmf, magnetic
flux, reluctance and flux density.
a
• Answer: Given Data: d = 40 cm = 0.4 m,
a = 7 cm2 = 7 x 10-2 m2 I
N
lg = 2 mm = 2 x 10-3 m lg = 2 mm
N = 750, I = 3 A,
mmfiron = 60% of mmf = 0.6 mmf
• Total mmf (F) = N x I = 750 x 3 = 2250 AT
• Mean circumference, l = 𝜋 × 𝑑 = 𝜋 × 0.4 = 1.2566 𝑚
• mmfiron = 0.6 x mmf = 0.6 x 2250 = 1350 AT
• mmfgap = mmf – mmfiron = 2250 – 1350 = 900 AT
𝑙𝑔 2 ×10−2
• Reluctance of Air gap 𝑆𝑔 = = = 2279642 𝐴𝑇/𝑊𝑏
𝜇0 𝑎 4𝜋×10−7 ×7×10−4
𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑔𝑎𝑝 900
• Flux in the Air gap, ∅ = = = 3.958 x 10-4 Wb
𝑆𝑔𝑎𝑝 2273642
• Note that total flux is same as the air gap.
𝑚𝑚𝑓 2250
• Total Reluctance, S = = = 5684105 AT/Wb
∅ 3.958 ×10−4
∅ 3.958 ×10−4
• Total Flux density, B = = = 0.5634 Tesla
𝑎 7×10−4
Q. A coil of 2000 turns is wound uniformly over a non-magnetic ring of mean
circumference 80 cm and cross-sectional area of 0.6 cm2. If the current through
the coil is 2 A, calculate (a) mmf (b) field intensity (c) reluctance (d) flux (e) flux
density
• Answer: Given data N = 2000, l = 80 cm = 80 x 10-2 m,
a = 0.6 cm2 = 0.6 x 10-4 m2, I = 2 A
a) mmf = N x I = 2000 x 2 = 4000 AT
𝑁𝐼 4000 𝐴𝑇
b) Magnetic Field intensity, 𝐻 = = = 5000
𝑙 80×10−2 𝑚
𝑙 80×10−2 10 AT/Wb
c) Reluctance, 𝑆 = = = 1.06 × 10
𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝑎 4𝜋×10−7 ×1×0.6×10−4
𝑁𝐼 4000 −7
d) Magnetic Flux, ∅ = = = 3.77 × 10 Wb
𝑆 1.06×1010
∅ 3.77×10−7 −3 Wb/m2
e) Magnetic Flux density, 𝐵 = = = 6.28 × 10
𝑎 0.6×10−4
Q. A flux of 0.7 mWb is produced by a coil having 1100 turns. The current in the
coil is 2 A. Find (1) the self inductance of coil (2) Emf induced in the coil when a
current of 4 A is switched off assuming the current to fall to zero in 2 ms (3) A
second coil having 700 turns is uniformly wound over the first coil. Find the
mutual inductance between the two coils.
• Answer: Given data
Coil 1: N1 = 1100, I1 = 2 A, ∅1 = 0.7 mWb = 0.7 x 10-3 Wb
Coil 2: N2 = 700
• Self Inductance of Coil 1
𝑁1 ∅1 1100×0.7×10−3
L1 = = = 0.385 H
𝐼1 2
• Emf induced in coil 1

𝑑𝑖 4 −0
𝑒1 = 𝐿1 = 0.385 = 770 V
𝑑𝑡 2×10−3
• Mutual inductance between the two coils,
𝑁2 ∅1
𝑀=
𝐼1
𝐿1 𝑁1 ∅1
∴ 𝑀 = 𝑁2 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿1 =
𝑁1 𝐼1
0.385
∴ 𝑀 = 700
1100
∴ 𝑀 = 0.245 𝐻
Q. Two identical coils X and Y having 2000 turns each lie in parallel planes such
that 85% of the flux produced in the coil X links with the second coil Y. A current
of 6 A in coil X produces a flux of 0.5 mWb. Calculate (1) Self inductance of
coil X. (2) Mutual inductance between coil and mutual induced emf when the
current in coil X changes from 5A to -5A in 0.05 Sec.
• Answer: Given data
Coil X: NX = 2000, IX = 6 A, ∅X=0.5 x 10-3 Wb
Coil Y: NY = 2000, ∅Y = 0.85 ∅X = 0.85 x 0.5 x 10-3 = 0.425 mWb
• Self inductance of coil X,
𝑁𝑋 ∅𝑋 2000×0.5×10−3
𝐿𝑋 = = = 0.17 H
𝐼𝑋 6
• Mutual inductance between the 2 coils,

𝑁𝑌 ∅𝑌 𝑁𝑌 0.85∅𝑋 2000×0.425×10−3
𝑀= = = = 0.133 H
𝐼𝑋 𝐼𝑋 6
• Induced emf in coil Y,
𝑑𝑖𝑋 5− −5
𝑒𝑌 = 𝑀 = (0.133) = 26.6 V
𝑑𝑡 0.05
Thank You
Prepared By: K. R. Gajjar

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Examples Based on Magnetic Properties

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

SAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• Answer: Given Data: l = 10 cm = 10 x 10-2 m

𝜇0 × 𝑚𝑚𝑓 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 1145.9 −3 𝑇

• Note that total flux is same as the air gap.

• Emf induced in coil 1

• Mutual inductance between the 2 coils,

Prepared By: K. R. Gajjar

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