Gwapaako

`UNITS AND ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
1. Determine the magnitude of the voltage required to accelerate an electron to a kinetic

energy of 8×10−15 Joules?
a. 50000 b. 5000 c. 500 d. 50
SOLUTION:
−15
W 8 × 10
E= Q = 1.6 ×10
−9 = 50, 000 Volts
2. Determine the maximum number of electrons that can exist in the third shell of an atom?
a. 15 b. 16 c. 18 d. 19
SOLUTION:
N = 2 n2 = 2(3)2
N = 18 electrons
3. A car battery supplies a current of 50 A to the starter motor. How much charge passes
through the starter in ½ minute?
a. 15 b. 150 c. 1500 d. 15000
SOLUTION:
60 s
Q = IT = 50 (0.5 min × 1min ) = 1500 c
4. How many circular mils does a round copper rod of 0.25-inch diameter has?
a. 63,500 b. 62,500 c. 64000 d. 65000
SOLUTION:
Remember:
1000 mils 1 inch = 1000 mils
d = 0.25 in × = 250 mils
1∈¿ ¿
1 MCM = 1000 cm
A = d 2 = (250)2 = 62, 500 cm
5. What is the size in square millimeter (mm 2) is the cable of 250 mm size?
a. 126.67mm² b. 127.50mm² c. 125. 76mm² d. 129.50mm²
SOLUTION:
250 MCM  250,000 CM
2 2
d (12.7)
A = d2  d = √ A A= =
4 4
d = √ 250,000 = 500 mils A = 126.67 mm 2
1 inch 25.4 mm
d = 500 mils × × d = 12.7 mm
1000 mils 1inch
6. A copper rod of 10 m long has a diameter with one inch. If the resistivity of copper is
10.371 circular mil per foot, what is the resistance
a. 3.4×10^-3 ohm b. 3.4×10^-4 ohm c. 3.5×10^-6 ohm d. 3.6×10^-4 ohm
SOLUTION:
3.281 ft
L = 10 m × = 32.81 ft. A = d 2 = (1000)2 = 1,000,000 cm
1m
pL ( 10.371 ) (32.81)
d = 2 inch = 1000 mils R = = = 3.4 ×
A 1,000,000
10 
−4
7. A one- meter rod of 2 cm diameter is drawn until its resistance is times the initial
resistance. Its length afterwards is?
a. 15m b. 10m c. 20m d. 5m
SOLUTION:
√
R2 L2 2 R
= ( ¿  L2 = L1 ( 2 )
R1 L1 R1
L2=1(
√ 100 R1
R1
) = 10 m
8. A kilometer of wire having a diameter of 11.7 mm and a resistance of 0.031 ohm is drawn
down so that its diameter is 5.0 mm. what does its resistance become?
a. 0.95ohm b. 0.93ohm c. 0.97ohm d. 0.91ohm
SOLUTION:
R2 d1 4 d1 4
= ( ¿  R2 = R1 ( ¿
R1 d2 d2
11.7 4
R2 = 0.031 ( ¿ = 0.93 
5
9. If a current of 2A flows through a point in a wire for 30 seconds, how many columns pass
through the point in the wire?
a. 70 coulombs b. 50 coulombs c. 60 coulombs d. 40 coulombs
SOLUTION:
coulombs
Q=It=2 × 30 sec
sec
Q = 60 coulombs
10. What quantity of charge must be delivered by a battery with potential difference of 100 V
to do 500 J of work?
a. 5coulombs b. 6 coulombs c. 7 coulombs d. 8coulombs
SOLUTION:
W 500
Q= = Q = 5 coulombs
E 100
11. The resistance of 120 meters of wire is 12 ohms. What is its conductance?
a. 0.0855 mho b. 0.0875 mho c. 0.0886 mho d. 0.0833 mho
SOLUTION:
1 1
G= = G = 0.0833 mho
R 12
12. A radio receiver draws 0.9 A at 110 V. if the jet is used 3 hours per day, how much energy
does it consume in 10 days?
a. 2.94kWh b. 2.79 kWh c. 2.97kWh d. 2.49kWh
SOLUTION:
P = EI = 110(0.9) = 0.099 kW
h
W = Pt = 0.099 (3 × 10 day)
day
W = 2.97 kWh
13. A 400,000 – cir-mil cable is composed of 37 strands. What is the diameter, in mils of each
strand?
a. 104 mils b. 105 mils c. 106 mils d. 107 mils
SOLUTION:
total area 400,000
A strand = = A strand = 10,810.81 mils
number of strands 37
d = √ A = √ 10,810.81 d = 104 mils
14. What is the length of wire of diameter 0.315 mm will be required to construct a coil of
resistance 10 ohms, if the specific resistance of wire is 49 -cm
a. 195cm b. 175cm c. 159cm d. 157cm
SOLUTION:
❑ 2 ❑ 2
A = 4 ❑ = 4 ( 0.0315) = 7.8 × 10−4 cm2
−4
L RA 10(7.8 ×10 )
R=P L= = = 159 cm
A P 49 ×10
6
15. A standard copper wire is 0.064 inch in diameter. What is the resistance of 1000 ft of this
wire at 20 C.
a. 2.55 ohms b. 2. 63 ohms c. 2.65 ohms d. 2.53ohms
SOLUTION:
1000 mils 2
A = d 2 (0.064 in × = 4096 CM
1∈¿ ¿ ¿
PL ( 10.47 ) (1000)
R= = R = 2.53 
A 4096
16. A battery can deliver 10 Joules of energy to move 5 coulombs of charge. What is the
potential difference between the terminals of the battery?
a. 2V b. 3V c. 4V d. 5V
SOLUTION:
W 10
E= = E = 2 volts
Q 5
17. A cloud of 2.5×10 19 electrons move past a given point every 2 seconds. How much is the
intensity of the electron flow?
a. 6A b. 3A c. 2A d. 1A
SOLUTION:
1c
Q = 2.5 ×10 19 × 18 = 4c
6.25 ×10
Q 4
I= = I = 2 amperes
t 2
18. The current in an electric lamp is 5 amperes. What quantity of electricity flows towards the
filament in 6 minutes?
a. 780 c b. 7800 c c. 78 c d. 78000 c
SOLUTION:
60 sec
Q = It = 5 (6 min × )
1 min
Q = 7800 c
19. A constant current of 4 A charges a capacitor. How long will it take to accumulate a total
charge of 8 coulombs on the plates?
a. 2 sec b. 1 sec c. 5sec d. 4 sec
SOLUTION:
Q 8
T= = T = 2 sec
I 4
20. The substation bus bar is made up 12 inches round copper bars 20 ft. long. What is the
resistance of each bar if resistivity is 1.724×10 6 ohm-cm.
a. 5.255×10^-5 ohm b. 5.185×10^-5 ohm c. 5.145×10^-5 ohm d. 5.125×10^-5 ohm
SOLUTION:
2
2 2.54 cm
d (2 inch× )
A= = 1 inch = 20.268 cm2
4
4
12 inch 2.54
L = 20 ft. × × = 609. 6 cm
2 ft . 2 inch
L ( 1.724 ×10 6 ) (609.6)
R=P =
A 20.268
R = 5.185 ×10−5 ohm
21. A cylindrical rubber insulated cable has a diameter of 0.18 in and an insulation thickness of
0.25 inch. If the specific resistance of rubber is 1014 ohm-cm, determine the insulation
resistance per 1000 ft. length of the cable.
a. 696.68×10^6 ohms b. 694.05×10^6 ohms c. 693.55×10^6 ohms d. 696.05×10^6
ohms
SOLUTION:
P r2
( 1× 1014 ) 0.38
R= ln
2r r 1
R= 100 cm ln ( 0.09 ¿ R = 694.05 M
2(1000 ft × )
3.281 ft
DC ELECTRIC CKT.
22. A load of 10 ohms was connected to a 12 V battery. The current drawn was 1.18 amperes.
What is the resistance of the battery.
a. 1 ohm b. 2 ohms c. 3 ohms d. 4 ohms
SOLUTION:
E E 12
I= r= –R= - 10 r = 0.169   1 
r+R I 1.18
23. The potential at the terminals of the battery falls from 94 on open circuit to 6 volts when a
resistor of 10  is connected across its terminal. What is the internal resistance of the
battery?
a. 10 ohms b. 20 ohms c. 15 ohms d. 5 ohms
SOLUTION:
Vr 6
I= = = 0.6 A
R 10
Vr = E - V R = 9 – 6 = 3 V
Vr 3
r= = r=5
I 0.6
24. A circuit has a resistance of 8 ohms. If a volt meter connected across its terminals reads 10
V. How much current is flowing through the circuit?
a. 1.05A b. 1.15A c. 1.25A d. 1.35A
SOLUTION:
E 10
I= = = 1.25 A
R 8
25. A 200 V lamp has a hot resistance of 400 ohms. The power rating is watts of the lamp is.
a. 100W b. 200W c. 300W d. 500W
SOLUTION:
2 2
E 200
P= = = 100 W
R 400
26. A 10 HP motor runs at rated load for 5 hours. How many KWh is consumed?
a. 44.7 kWh b. 33 kWh c. 37.3 kWh d. 47. 5 kWh
SOLUTION:
0.746 kW
W = P + (10 Hp × ) (5) = 37.3 kWh
1 Hp
27. A heater draws 2 A at 12 Volts DC. How many joules does it consume in 15 minutes?
a. 20,600 J b. 21,600 J c. 22,600 J d. 23,600 J
SOLUTION:
60 s
W = Pf = Eit = 12 (2) (15 min × ) = 21, 600 J
min
28. Ten KW is equal to how many calories per second.
a. 2367.986 cal/J b. 2376.987 cal/ J c. 2378.987 cal/J d. 2388.915 cal/J
SOLUTION:
1 1cal
P = 10,000 × = 2388.915 cal/J
s 4.186 J
29. A certain generator has an output power of 1012 ERGS per second. What is the output in
KW?
a.10 kW b. 100 kW c. 1,000 kW d. 10,000 kW
SOLUTION:
12 erdg 1T
P = 1 ×10 × 7 = 100,000 J/s or watts
J 1× 10 ergs
1 kW
P = 100,000 W × = 100 kW
100W
30. 100 Liters of water is heated from 20 C to 40 C. How many KWhr of electricity is
needed assuming no losses?
a. 3.2255 kWh b. 2.3255 kWh c. 2.5532 kWh d. 2.5522 kWh
SOLUTION:
m = Density × Volume
3
1000 kg 1m
m =( ) × (100 L × ) = 100 kg
100 1000 L
1 kcal
Q = mc∆ T = (100 kg) ( ) (40 – 20)C
kg−c
1 kWh
Q = 200 kcal ×
860 kcal
Q = 2.3255 kWh
31. A load of 10 ohms was connected to a 12 Volt battery. The current drawn was 1.18
amperes. What is the internal resistance of the battery.
a. 0.17 ohm b. 0.18 ohm c. 0.19 ohm d. 0.15 ohm
SOLUTION:
Et 12
Rt = = = 10.17 
¿ 1.18
Rt = Rtr  r = Rt – R
T = 10.17 – 10 = 0.17 
32. A 5-ohm resistance is connected in parallel with a 10-ohm resistance. What is the
equivalent resistance?
SOLUTION:
1 1
R= 1 1 = 1 1 Rt = 3. 33 
+ +
R1 R 2 5 10
33. Three resistors of 10, 15 and 20 ohms each are connected in parallel. What is the total
conductance?
a. 0.2176 mho b. 0.6721 mho c. 0.2167 mho d. 0.7621 mho
SOLUTION:
1 1 1 1 1 1
Gt = + + Gt = + + = 0.2167 mho
R1 R2 R3 10 15 20
34. The hot resistance of an incandescent lamp is 10 ohms and the rated voltage is 5 V. find the
series resistance to separate the land from an 804 supply.
SOLUTION:
V L 50
IL = = =5A
R L 10
ET −V L 80−50
RX = = =6
IL 5
35. Two resistances of 10 and 15 ohms each respectively are connected in parallel. The two are
then connected in series with a 5-ohm resistance. What is the equivalent resistance?
SOLUTION:
1
RT = 5 + 1 1 = 11 ohms
+
10 15
36. A 10, 15 and 20-ohm resistors are connected in series across a 48 V source. What is the
voltage across the 15 ohms resistor.
a. 17V b. 18V c. 16V d. 19V
SOLUTION:
By VDT:
E+(15) 48(5)
E15 = = = 16 Volts
10+15+20 45
37. A circuit consisting of three resistors rated 10 ohms, 15 ohms and 20 ohms are connected in
delta. What would be the resistances of the equivalent WYE connected load?
a. 5.55 & 3.33 ohms b. 4.44 & 3.33 ohms c. 5.55 & 4.33 ohms d. 2.33 & 4.44 ohms
SOLUTION:
10 (20)
X= = 4.44 
10+15+20
10 (15)
Y= = 3.33 
10+15+20
38. An LRT car, 5 km distance from the tayuman, takes 100 A over a 100 mm hard drawn
copper trolley wire having a resistance of 0.270 ohm per km. the rail and ground return has
a resistance of 0.06 ohm per km. If the station voltage is 750 V, what is the voltage of the
car.
a. 567V b. 576V c. 585V d. 558V
SOLUTION:
Assume: R = equivalent resistance of the circuit
V R = Es – IR
V R = 750 – 100 (0.27 + 0.06) (5)
V R = 585 Volts
39. Three resistors of 10, 15, 20 ohms each connected in parallel. What is the equivalent
resistance.
a. 4.6V b. 4.7V c. 4.8V d. 4.6V
SOLUTION:
1 1 1 1
= + +
R x R 1 R2 R3
1 1 1 1
= + +
R x 10 15 20
R x= 4.615 
40. Two lands x and y are connected in series. Lamp x is rated 50 W at 100 V lamp y is rated at
100 W at 100 V also. The two lamps are to be connected in series across a 200 V source.
What resistance must be connected across lamp so that each lamp will operate properly?
SOLUTION:
2 2
R x = E = 100 = 200 
Px 50
2 2
R y = E = 100 = 100 
Py 100
R Rx R (200)
R= 100 =
R +x R+ 200
R + 200 = 2R
R = 200 
41. A 5-ohm resistance is connected in parallel with a 10-ohm resistance. Another set, 6 ohm
and an 8-ohm resistance are also connected in parallel. The two sets are connected in series.
What is the equivalent resistance?
a. 6.76 ohms b. 6.67 ohms c. 6.86 ohms d. 6.59 ohms
SOLUTION:
3(10) 6(8)
Rt = +
5+ 10 6+8
Rt = 6.76 
42. Two resistances of 10 ad 15 ohms each respectively are connected in parallel. The two are
then connected in series with a 5-ohm resistance. What is the equivalent resistance?
SOLUTION:
10(15)
Rt = +5 Rt = 11 
10+ 15
43. A total of 0.8 kg of water of 20 C is placed in a 1 KW electric kettle. How long a time in
minute is needed to raise the temperature of water to 100 C?
a. 6.44 minutes b. 4.64 minutes c. 4.46 minutes d. 6.46 minutes
SOLUTION:
Q = mc∆
Q = (800 g) (4.186 J/g C) (100 – 20) = 267,904 J
267904 1 min
W = Pt t = w/p = = 267.904 sec ×
1000 60 sec
t = 4.46 min
44. How many calories does an electric water of 100 watts generate per second?
Note: 1 cal = 4186 J
a. 23.88 calories b. 24.33 calories c. 22.22 calories d. 25.88 calories
SOLUTION:
Pt 100(1)
Q= = Q = 23.88 calories
4.186 4.186
45. The electric energy required to have the temperature of water in a pool is 1000 KWh. If the
heat losses are 25 %, the heating energy will be.
a. 3333.33 kW-hr b. 1333.337 kW-hr c. 3331.133 kW-hr d. 1111.113 kW-hr
SOLUTION:
W ¿ =W out + W loss
W ¿ =1000 + 0.25 W ¿
W ¿ =¿ 1333.337 kW-hr
46. The equivalent WYE element of 3 equal resistors each equal to R and connected in delta is.
a. R/3 b. R/3² c. R²/3 d. 3R
SOLUTION:
2
R(R) R
R y =¿ =
R + R+ R 3 R
R
R y =¿
3
47. If a resistor rated at 5 watts and 6 volts are connected across a battery with an open circuit
voltage of 6 volts. What is the internal resistance of the battery if the resulting current is 0.8
A?
a. 0.4 ohm b. 0.5 ohm c. 0.6 ohm d. 0.3 ohm
SOLUTION:
2 2
Vr 6
R= == = 7.2 
P 5
E E 6
r= r= -R= - 7.2
r+R 1 0.8
r = 0.3 
48. A high voltage DC transmission line delivers 1000 MW at 300 kV to an aggregate load
over a distance of 900 km. Determine the voltage at the sending end. Assure the loop
resistance of the line to be 1 m per km.
a. 506.3 kV b. 503.6 kV c. 563.6 kV d. 530.6 kV
SOLUTION:
r = (0.001) (2 × 900) = 1.8 
6
P 1000× 10
I= = 3 = 2000 A
Vr 500× 10
Es = Vr + I r = 500,000 + 2000 (0.18)
Es = 503.6 kV
49. An electric kettle was marked 500 W, 230 Volts found to take 15 minutes to bring 1 kg of
water at 15 C to boiling point. Determine the heat efficiency of the kettle..
a. 79.1 % b. 81.8 % c. 71.9℅ d. 88.1%
SOLUTION:
Q = mc∆ t
Q = (1000q) (4.186 J/g C) (100 – 15) = 355810 J
Wout 355810
h= =
Win 500 ¿ ¿
h = 79.1 %
50. From the circuit as show, determine the resistance between terminals A and B.
a. 1.856 ohms b. 1.239 ohms c. 1.568 ohms d. 1.923 ohms
SOLUTION:
2 ( 3 ) (4)
R AB = 1 +
2 ( 30 )+ 3 ( 4 )+ 4(2)
R AB = 1.923 
NETWORK LAWS AND THEOREMS

51. A lead storage batteries supply power to a 20  load. Internal resistance of one is 0.2 
where the other is 0.4 ohm. What is the voltage across the load?
SOLUTION:
E 1 E2 24 24
+ +
r 1 r2 0.2 0.4
V LOAD = = V LOAD = 23.8 Volts
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
r 1 r 2 r 3 0.2 0.6 20
52. A lead storage battery is rated at 12 volts. If the internal resistance is 0.01 ohm. What is the
maximum power that can be delivered to the load?
SOLUTION:
R L = Ro = 0.01  r = 0.01 
2
Eo (12)2
Rmax = = E = 12 V
4 R L 4 (0.01)
Rmax = 3600 watts
53. A 12-V battery od 0.1-ohm internal resistance and another 0.15-ohm internal resistance is
connected in parallel to supply power to a 10-ohm resistance. What is the power drawn by
the load resistance?
SOLUTION:
r 2 = 0.15 
E2 = 12 V
54. A 12-V battery oh 0.05 0hm resistance and another battery of 12-V and 0.075-ohm
resistance supply power to a 2-0hm resistor. What is the current through the load?
SOLUTION:
Apply KVL on loop d, a, b, c, d
12 – 0.05 I 1 - 2 I L = 0
I 1 = 240 – 40 I L  eq. 1
Apply KVL on loop f, c, b, e
12 – 0.075 I 2 - 2 I L = 0
I 2 = 160 – 26.67 I L  eq. 2
Apply KCL at node 1
I 1 + I 2 = I L  eq. 3
Substitute EQ. 1 and EQ. 2 in EQ. 3

240 – 40 I L + 160 – 26.67 I L= I L
67.67 I L = 400
I L = 5.91 A
55. Two equal resistances are connected in parallel across a 150-V DC source. What potential
difference exists between the midpoint of one resistance and a point that is one third from
either end of the other resistance.
SOLUTION:
150
I=  eq. 1
R
Apply KVL on loop ‘c d b a c’
R R
V+1( )–1( )=0
3 2
V – 0.657IR = 0  eq. 2
Substitute Eq. 1 to Eq. 2

150
V – 0.167( ) (2) = 0
R
V – 25.05 = 0
V = 25 Volts
56. Ten cells each of EMF 1.5 volts and internal resistance of 0.2 ohm are joined in parallel and
connected to an external circuit resistance of 3 ohm. What current the load draws?
SOLUTION:
r 0.2
Ro = = = 0.02 
10 10
E o = 1.5 Volts
Using the Thevenins equivalent circuit
Eo 1.5
IL = = = 0.4966
R o + R L 0.02+3
I L = 0.5 A
57. The lead storage batteries “A” and “B” are connected in parallel “A” has an open circuit
voltage of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0.2 ohm. Battery “B” has an open circuit
voltage of 12.2 V and an internal resistance of 0.3 ohm. If the two batteries together deliver
power to a 0.5-ohm power resistor. Neglecting effects of temperature. How much current is
connected by battery “A”?
SOLUTION:
Use Nodal Mode Method
Apply KCL at node ‘a’
Ia + Io = IL
12.6−V 1 12.2−V 1 V 1
+ =
0.2 0.3 0.5
63 – 5V 1 +40.66−3.33 V 1 = 2V 1
10.33V 1 = 103.66
V 1 = 10.03 Volts
12.6−V 1 12.6−10.03
Ia = =
0.2 0.2
I a = 12.85 A
58. An LRT car, 5 km distance from the tayuman, takes 100 A over a 100 mm hard drawn
copper trolley wire having a resistance of 0.270 ohm per km. the rail and ground return has
a resistance of 0.06 ohm per km. If the station voltage is 750 V, what is the efficiency of
transmission?
SOLUTION:
r 1 = 0.27 (5) = 1.35 
r 2 = 0.06 (5) = 0.3 
Apply KVL:
750 – 100 r 1 - Er – 100 r 2 = 0
750 – 100 (1.35) - Er – 100 (0.3) = 0
Er = 585 V
P r Er 1 Er 585
h= = = = × 100%
P s Es 1 Es 750
h = 78%
59. A charger, a battery and a load connected in parallel. The voltage across the charger is 12.5
volts and the battery has an EMF of 12 volts and internal resistance of 0.1 ohm. The load
consists of a 2 ohms resistor. Find the current through the charger.
SOLUTION:
12.5
IT = = 6.25 A
2
Apply KVL on loop ‘abcdefa’
12.5 - I b(2) – 12 = 0
I b = 0.25 A
Apply KCL at node ‘b’
I c = I T - I b = 6.25 + 0.25
I c = 6.5 A
60. A lead storage battery is rated at 12 volts. If the internal resistance is 0.01 ohm. What is the
maximum power that can be delivered to the load?
SOLUTION:
Rc = Ro = r = 0.01 
Using Thevenins equation:
Eo 12
Ic = = = 600 A
R o+ ¿R ¿
L
0.01+0.01
Pc = Ic 2 R L = (600)2 (0.01)
Pc = 3600 watts
61. A 120-V battery having an internal resistance of 0.5 ohm is connected through a line
resistance of 9.5 ohms to a variable load resistor. What maximum power with the battery
deliver to the load resistor?
SOLUTION:
R L = Ro = r × R LINE = 0.5 + 9.5 = 10 
Using Thevenins Equation:
Eo 120
IL = = =6A
R o+ ¿R ¿
L
10+10
2
P L = I L R2 = (6¿2 (10)
P L = 360 watts
62. Two resistors x and y are connected in parallel. Resistor x having a value of 6 ohms while
resistor y being adjustable over a wide range. The parallel combination is then connected
through a 2-ohm line resistor to a 120 V DC source. For what resistance y will its power be
the greatest.
SOLUTION:
2(6)
Ro = = 1.5 
2+ 6
R y = Ro = 1.5 
63. A barangay power station supplies 60 KW to a load over 2500 ft. 100 mm 2, two-conduction
copper feeder, the resistance of which is 0.078 ohm per 1000 ft. the bus bar voltage is
maintained constant at 600-V. determine the maximum power which can be transmitted.
SOLUTION:
0.078
R feeder = 2 ( × 2500 ft)
1000 ft
= 0.39 
R L = R feeder
Es 600
IL = =
R feeder + R L 0.39+0.39
I L = 769.23 A
P L = I L 2 R2 = (769.23¿2 (0.39)
P L = 230. 77 KW
64. Twelve identical wired of resistance 6 ohms each are arranged to form the edge of a cube. A
current of 40 mA is led into the cube at one corner and out at the other diagonally opposite
corner. Calculate the potential difference developed between theses corners.
SOLUTION:
Let: R = resistance of each resistor
5 5
Rt = R = (6) = 5 
6 6
E f = I s R f = (40 ×10−3) (5)
E f = 0.20 V
ELECTROSTATICS
65. Two electrons in a vacuum experience a force of 2 ×10−15 N. how far apart are the
electrons.
SOLUTION:
√
k Q1 Q2 k Q 1 Q2
F= 2 d=
d F
d= √ (9× 109 )¿ ¿ ¿ = 3.14 × 10−7 m
66. Two-point charges 10 cm apart exert a force of 1 ×10 passed to the (-3) grams on each
other. If the charges are the same value, what is the value of each charge in state coulomb?
SOLUTION:
k Q1 Q2
F= 2 : Q1 = Q2 = Q
d
√ (Mg)(d2 )
√ √
(1× 10−3 )(9810)(102 )
2
Q= Fd = =
k k 1
Q = 9.9 stet c
67. An insulated positive point charge of 2 ×10−8 coulombs is in free space. How far away
must the charge be in order to produce an electric potential of 120 Volts?
SOLUTION:
kd kQ
V= d=
Q V
9 −8
(9 × 10 )(2×10 )
V= = 1.5 m
120
68. If the charge of an insulated charged sphere is positive 2 ×10−9 C, determine the flux
density at a distance of 0.2 m from the center of the sphere.
SOLUTION:
φ 4 πQ 2× 10
−9
P= = 2 =
A 4πr ¿¿
P = 5 ×10−8 electric lines per sq.m
69. A 50 nF capacitor is connected across a 220 V supply. If a current of 20 mA is maintained
during the charging period. How long will it take to fully charge the capacitor?
SOLUTION:
Q = CE = (50 ×10−6) (220) = 0.011 coulomb
Q = If
Q 0.011
F= = −3 = 0.55 sec.
I 20× 10
70. Calculate the capacitance between two parallel plates each of which is 100 cm2 and 2 mm
apart in air.
SOLUTION:
A = 100 cm2 ×¿ = 0.01 m2
d = 2 mm = 0.002 m
❑o ❑F A (8.854 ×10−12 )(1)(0.01)
c= =
d 0.002
c = 44.27 × 10−12 F
71. A 50-microfarad capacitor is charged at 48 volts. What is the amount of energy stored?
SOLUTION:
1 1
W= C E2 = (50 ×10−6 ¿ (48)2 = 5.76 ×10−2
2 2
72. The result of capacitance C 1= 6 microfarads and C 2 connected series is 3 microfarads.
Capacitor C 2 in microfarads is.

SOLUTION:
1
C C
Cf = 1 1  Cf = 1 2
+ C1 +C 2
C 1 C2
6 C2
3=  6 C 2 = 18 + 3 C 2
6+C 2
C 2 = 6 F
73. Three capacitors A, B and C are charged as follows. A= 10 F, 100 V; B = 15 F, 150 V
and C = 25 F, 200 V. They are connected in parallel with terminals of like polarity
together. What is the voltage across the combinations?
SOLUTION:
Qf = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
Q f = C 1 E1 + C 2 E2 + C 3 E3
Qf = 10(100) + 15(150) + 25(200) = 8250 C
C t = C 1 + C 2 + C 3 = 10 + 15 + 25 = 50 F
Qt 8250
Et = = = 165 Volts
Ct 50
74. Two capacitors of 12 and 8 F, respectively are connected in series across an unknown
voltage source. If the voltage across the 12 F capacitor is observed to be 200 V. Determine
the magnitude of the unknown supply voltage.
SOLUTION:
E+C 2 E1 (C 1+C 2) 200(12+8)
U stagVDT: E1 = Et = =
C1 +C 2 C2 8
Et =500 Volts
75. A 50 F capacitor is charged at 48 V. what is the amount of energy stored?

SOLUTION:
1 1
W= C E2 = (50 ×10−6 ¿ (48)2 = 5.76 ×10−2 J
2 2
76. A solenoid has 250 turns. What is the magnetomotive force when the current is 0.12 A?
SOLUTION:
τ = 0.4  NI = 0.4  (250) (0.12) = 37.79 gilberts
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
77. How many magnetic lines of force will pass a 5 sq-cm perpendicular area on a magnetic
field having a plus density of 2000 gauss?
SOLUTION:
 = β A = (2000) (5) = 10,000 maxwells
78. If a current of 5 A flows through a long wire of radius 0.004 meter. What is the magnetic
field intensity produced 0.02 meter away from the surface of the wire.
SOLUTION:
I 5
H= = H = 39.78 Ampere turns per meter
2r 2(0.02)
79. A certain laminated steel core has a permeability of 3000. The length is 5 cm and cross
section is 2 sq. cm. what is its reluctance?
SOLUTION:
5
R= = 8.33 ×10−4 (cqs units)
3000 (1 )(2)
80. A magnetic coil is made up 500 turns wound around a magnetic circuit of 1.5 ×10−2
reluctance. A current of 0.25 ampere flows through the coil. What is the flow through the
magnetic circuit?
SOLUTION:
¿ 0.4 ( 500 ) (0 ,25)
 = 4∋R ¿ =
1.5 ×10−2
 = 10471.975 maxwells
81. A solenoid has a magnetic reluctance of 2.2 ×10−3 passed to (-3). It has 300 turns and a
core area of 5 sq.cm. what is the flux density when the current flowing if one (1) ampere?
SOLUTION:
¿ 0.4 ( 300 ) (1)
Ø = 4∋R ¿ = −3 = 171,359.5983 maxwells
2.2 ×10
Ø 171,359.5983
β= = = 34,271.92 gauss
A 5
82. A pair of straight parallel bus bars of circular cross section is spaced 20 cm apart. If each
bar carries a current of 50, 000 A, determine the force in newton per meter run with the
conductors have to withstand.
SOLUTION:
I 1 I2 50 ,00 0
2
F = (2 ×10−7 ¿ ( ¿ = (2 ×10−7 ¿ ( ¿
d 0.2
F = 2500 N/m
83. The force acting on a pole of 3 Wb is 12 N. the magnetic intensity of the magnetic field is.
SOLUTION:
Let: M = magnetic field strength in Newtons per Weber
12 N
M= = 4 N/Wb
3Wb
84. Two straight parallel wires 2 m long and 3 mm apart carries a current of 8.0 A in opposite
direction. Calculate the force between these conductors.
SOLUTION:
I 1 I2 L (8)(8)(2)
F = 2 ×10−7 ( ¿ = (2 ×10−7 ¿ ( ¿
d 0.007
F = 8.53 ×10−3N
85. A wire 12 cm long and carrying a current of 30 A is pumped in between the pole face of a
magnet whose magnetic flux density is 0.9 tesla. If the wire is inclined at an angle 60
degrees from the plane of the magnetic field, what is the force exerted on the wire?
SOLUTION:
F = β IL sin ∝ = (0.9) (30) (0.12) sin 60
F = 2.8 N
86. The reluctance of a non-magnetic circuit is 12 units. How much flux will be set up if
surrounded by a coil 600 turns carrying a current of 3A?
SOLUTION:
J ¿ 3(600)
= = =
R R 12
 = 150 Wb
87. The cell in a magnetic contactor requires 0.5 A to provide magnetizing force of 500 AT.
How many turns are necessary?
SOLUTION:
J 500
N= = N = 1000 turns
I 0.5
88. A solenoid 30 cm long is wound with 300 turns, what is the value of its field strength inside
the solenoid when the coil is carrying a current of 2 amperes?
SOLUTION:
¿ 2(300)
H=
d = 0.3 H = 2000 AT/m
89. Calculate the magnetic field intensity to produce a flux density of 10 ×10−3 tesla at the
center of a long straight solenoid.
SOLUTION:
−3
β β β 10 ×1 0
= H= = = = 7957.74
H ❑ ❑o ❑r ( 4 π × 10−7 )(1)
H = 7958 AT/m
90. If a current of 5 A flows through a long wire of radius 0.004 meter, what us the flux density
(N) produced 0.02 meter away from the surface of the wire.
SOLUTION:
I I
H= = = 39.708 H = 34.8 AT/m
2 π d 2 π (0.02)
91. The relative permeability of a certain silicon steel 4500. A certain magnetic loop consists of
a silicon steel of 10 cm square, 20 cm long and an air gap of ¼ cm. what is the reluctance
of the magnetic circuit?
SOLUTION:
20 0.25
= +
4500(1)(10)(10) ( 10 ) (10)
 = 2.54 × 10−3 cgs units (gilbert per maxwell)
92. A certain laminated steel core has a permeability of 3000. The length is 5 cm and the cross
section is 2 sq-m. what is its reluctance?
SOLUTION:
l 5
=❑❑ A =  = 8.33× 10−4 cgs units
r o 3000 (1 )(2)
93. A coil with 900 turns is wound over a magnetic core with a reluctance of 10,000 AT/Wb. If
a current of 0.5 A is pass through the coil, how much is the magnetic flux that the coil
generates?
SOLUTION:
J ¿ (0.5)(900)
= = =  = 0.045 Wb
R R 10,000
94. An air core circular coil has 5000 turns. The inner and outer diameters are 20 and 24 cm
respectively. If a current is 2 A is passed through the coil, determine the flux density inside
the coil.
SOLUTION:
β ¿ 20+24
= H= l d mean = = 22 cm
H 2
¿ ¿ ( 4 π ×10−7 ) ( 1 )( 2 ) (5000)
β= = ❑o ❑r ∋ ¿ =
l l π (0.22)
β = 0.018 T
95. A given magnetic circuit has a magnetic field intensity of 400 At/m. if the length of the
magnetic path is doubled maintaining the same magnetomotive force, how much is the new
magnetic field intensity?
SOLUTION:
¿ J H 2 l1
H= = =
l l H 1 l2
H 1 l 1 400(l)
H2 = =
l2 2 l1
H 2 = 200 AT/m
96. A circular ring of iron having a cross sectional area of 5 cm2, an average diameter of 30 cm
is wound with a coil of 1000 units. If a current of 3 A is pass through the coil, determine the
flux generated? Assume the relative permeability of iron is 250.
SOLUTION:
β ¿
= H= l
H
¿ ( 4 π ×10−7 ) ( 250 ) (1000 ) (3)
β=
l = π (0.3)
=1T
1m 2
 = βA = (1) (5 cm 2) ( ¿ = 5 ×10−4 Wb
100 cm
97. A coil with 150 turns is wound over a 200 cm cylindrical iron core whose relative
permeability is 250. If a current of 2 A is pass through the coil, determine the flux density
in the core.
SOLUTION:
¿ ¿ ( 4 π ×10 −7
) ( 250 ) (150 ) (3)
β = l = ❑o ❑r ∋ l ¿ =
2
β = 0.07 T
98. A non- magnetic ring having a cross sectional area of 10 cm2 is uniform wound with 300
turns of a given wire. If a current of 1 A is passed through the coil 2.4 Wb of flux is
generated inside the ring. Determine the average diameter of the ring.
SOLUTION:
Ø 2.4 ×10−6
β= = = 0.0024 T
A 10 c m2 ¿ ¿
¿ ¿ ( 4 π ×10−7 ) ( 1 ) (7000)
β= l l= β =
0.0024
= 0.157 m
l = d
d=
0.157 = 0.05 m
❑
d = 50 cm
99. A magnetic circuit consists of silicon steel of 3000 permeability and an air gap. The length
of the steel core is 10 cm and the air gap is 2 cm. both have the same cross section of 1.5
sq. m. a current of ½ ampere flows through the windings to produce 2351 maxwells. How
many turns are there in the coil?
SOLUTION:
l core l air
 = ❑core+ ❑air = +
❑r ❑o A core ❑o A air
10 2
= +  = 1.3355 cgs unit
3000(1)(1)(1.5) ( 1 ) (1.5)
¿ ❑ 2351(1.3355)
 = 0.4 π ∋ ❑ ¿ N=
0.4 πI = 0.4 π (0.5) = 4997.08
N = 5000 turns
100. A toroidal core with a mean circumference of 100 cm and a cross sectional area of 10 cm2
is wound with 500 turns of wire. What current would be required to generate a flux of 1
mWb in the core. Assume the core has a relative permeability of 800.
SOLUTION:
Ø 0.001
β= = =1T
A 10 c m2 ¿¿
β β 1
H= =❑❑ = = 994.718 AT/m
❑ o r ( 4 π ×10−7 ) (800)
¿ Hl
H= I= = ¿ ¿ = 1.989  2 A
l N
101. A magnetic coil produces 100,000 maxwells with 2,000 turns and with a current of 1 A.
the current is cut off and the flux collapses the 0.01 sec. what us the average voltage that
will across the coil?
SOLUTION:
❑ (2000)(100,000)
e = N ( t ) ×10−8 = ×10
−8
0.01
e = 200 Volts
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
102. A magnet which generates 800 maxwells of flux is inserted through a coil of 1000 turns.
It is then with drawn within 0.15 sec. what is the volume that appears across the coil?
SOLUTION:
❑ (1000)(500)
e = N ( t ) ×10−8 = ×10
−8
0.15
e = 0.0533 V
103. The armature coil of a generator with 50 conductors on it rotates in a magnetic field with
a magnetic flux density 1.5 T. the effective area of the coil is 1000 sq. cm. if this coil is
move across the pole in 0.5 sec, determine the average EMF inducted in the coil.
SOLUTION:
❑ NβA
e=N(t ) = ( 50 ) ( 1.5 ) 1000 cm2 ×¿ ¿
t
e = 15 V
BEHAVIOR OF CAPACITOR
104. The voltage across a 5 F capacitor changes uniformly from 10 to 20 V in 5 S. Calculate
the charging current?
SOLUTION:
dv 70−10
i=c = (5 ×10−6) ( −3
¿ = 60 mA
dt 5× 10
105. Find the voltage across a 0.01 F capacitor at t= 0.1 S. if the current through it is i = 0.2
−10 f
e amperes. Assume t = 0, V = 0.
SOLUTION:
1 1 −10 f
V= ∫ idt V= ∫ (0.2 e dt )
C 0.01
1 −10
V= ∫ (0.2 e ) dt V=2V
0.01
106. A series circuit with 10  resistor and 50 F capacitor is 50 F capacitor is suddenly
connected to a DC source of 120 V. What is the current after one time constant?
SOLUTION:
E −t
i= Rc t = ⋏ = Rc t = 10×50F = 500 s
R e
120 −500 s
= 10× 50 F = 4.415 A
10 e
107. A 50 F capacitor is charged to 200 V and then discharged through a resistor of 5 K .
Find the rate which current begins to discharge?
SOLUTION:
−t Eo 200
i = I o e Rc I o= = = 0.04 A
R 5k
−t
i = 0.04 e 50 F +5 k
−t
dI d (0.4 e Rc )
=
df df
dI
= 0.16 A/s
df
108. A 5 F capacitor is connected to a constant voltage source through a resistance of 2 M .
Find the time taken for the capacitor to lose 95% of its charge when the voltage is short
circuited.
SOLUTION:
−t
9 = Q (e Rc ¿
−t
0.95 Q = Q ( 6 )
6
(5 ×10 )(2 ×10 )
t = 29.95 s
109. A magnetic device has a core with iron section of 1 ¿2 . If the flux in the core is 1 mWb,
then its flux density is______.
SOLUTION:
❑ 1 ×10−3
β= A = 2 = 1.55 T
1¿ ×¿ ¿
110. Two magnetic poles are located 5 cm apart in air. If each pole has strength of 5 mW, find
the force of repulsion between them.
SOLUTION:
M1 M2 −3
(5 × 10 )(5× 10 )
−3
F= 2 =
4 π μo μr r 4 π (4 ×10−7)(1)(0.5)2
F = 633.257 N
111. Find the relative permeability of a piece of silicon iron if a flux of density 1.3 T is
produced by magnetic field density 700 AT/m.
SOLUTION:
β = V o V rM 1.3 T = V o V r (700)
V r = 1478
112. An 80 cm long conductor is carrying a current of 3.6 A and is started at right angle to a
field of flux density 3.95 tesla. What is the force of conductor?
SOLUTION:
β
F=
Lsinθ
F = (0.95) (7.6) (0.80) sin 90 F = 2.736 N
113. Two parallel wires A and B are 20 cm apart and each carries a current of 5 A in the same
directions. Find the density between the wires 5 cm from wire A.
SOLUTION:
❑ I ❑ 5
BA =
2 ( r ) = 2 ( 0.05 ) = 20 T
❑ 5
BB =
2 ( 0.15 ) = 6.67 T
BT = 20 – 667 = 13.33 T
114. What is the force between two wires carrying current of 10 A and 50 A each? The length
of the wires is 50 cm and are separated by 5 cm distance.
SOLUTION:
❑ I I ❑ 10+50
F = 2 ( 1 2) = 2 ( ) × 0.5
s 0.05
F = 0.001 N
115. A solenoid 20 cm long is wound with 200 turns of wire and carries a current of 1.5 A.
Determine the relative permeability of this core so as to produce a magnetic field of 0.6 T
inside.
SOLUTION:
∝I
B= ¿VrVo
d
300 ×1.5
0.6 V r V o ×
0.2
V r = 272.21
116. A conductor, 50 mm long moves at a velocity of 2.5 meter per second across a magnetic
field of 0.90 Wb/m2. What is the voltage generated?
SOLUTION:
e = βLV = (0.90) (0.05) (2.5)
e = 0.1125 V
117. An airplane travels at a speed of 1000 kph in a region where the earth’s magnetic field is
−5
5.0 ×10 T and is nearly vertical. What is the potential difference induced between the
wire tips of the airplane. Which is 20 m apart.
SOLUTION:
km 1000 m 1 hr
e = βLV = (5 ×10−5) (20) (1000 × × )
hr 1m 3600 sec
e = 0.28 V
118. A piece of conductor 10 cm long moves across a magnetic field of 10,000 gauss at a
velocity of 120 cm/sec. What voltage appears across the conductor?
SOLUTION:
e = βLV ×10−8 = (10,000) (10) (120) ×10−8
e = 0.12 V
119. A conductor 50 cm in length moves at an angle of 30  to the direction of a magnetic field
with velocity of 100 cm/s. If the field has a flux density of 2 Wb/ m2. Calculate the EMF
induced in it.
SOLUTION:
e = βLV sin a = (2) (0.05) (1) sin 30
e = 0.5 V
120. How much is the inductance of a coil that induces 500 V when the current changes at the
rate of 5 MA in 2 S?
SOLUTION:
di
e=L
df
e 500
L = di = 0.005 L = 0.2 H
−6
df 2 ×10
121. The field winding of a dc generator is wound with 600 turns and has a resistance of 50
ohms. If the winding is excited from a 240 V DC source. The magnetic flux linking the coil
is 4 mWb. Determine the self-inductance of the coil.
SOLUTION:
−3
N (900)( 4 ×10 )
L= using ohms law L=
I 4.8
E 240
I= = = 4.8 A L = 0.75 H
R 50
122. A coil of 1000 turns is uniformly wound on a ring of non-magnetic material. The mean
diameter being 10 cm. the cross-sectional area of the coil is 4 square cm. Determine the
self-inductance of the coil?
SOLUTION:
2
μo μr N A
L= = ( 4 π × 10−7 ) ( 1 ) ( 1000 )2 4 cm2 × ¿ ¿
l
L = 0.8 mH
123. An iron core 0.4 m long and 5 square cm. in cross section, is wound with 300 turns.
When a current of 0.5 A flows in the coil. How much is the inductance of the coil. Assume
the core has a permeability of 2500.
SOLUTION:
2
μ μ N A
L= o r = ( 4 π × 10−7 ) ( 2500 ) ( 300 )2 5 cm2 ×¿ ¿
l
L = 0.35 H
124. What is the coefficient of coupling of two coils whose mutual inductance is 1 H and
whose self-inductance 1.2 and 2H?
SOLUTION:
M 1
M = k √ L1 L 2 k = = = 0.645
√ L1 L2 √( 1.2 ) ( 2)
125. The total inductance of two coils A and B when connected in series aiding is 0.5 H and
0.24 when connected in series opposing. Coil A when isolated from coil B has a self-
inductance of 0.2 H. Calculate the self-inductance of coil B.
SOLUTION:
Lfa −Lfo 0.5−0.2
M= = = 0.075 H L2 = Lfa- 2M - L1
4 4
L2 = 0.5 – 2 (0.075) – 0.2
Lfa = L1 + L2 +2M L2 = 0.15 H
126. Two identical coils with self-inductance of 250 H each are connected in series. When
connected series aiding. The equivalent inductance is 550 H and 450 H when connected
series opposing. How much is the coupling coefficient of two coils?
SOLUTION:
Lfa −Lfo 550−450
M= = = 25 μH
4 4
M = k√ L1 L2
M 25
k= = = 0.1
√ L1 L2 √( 250 ) (250)
127. A cylinder whose radius is 2 cm and altitude of 100 cm is uniformly wound with 2500
turns of wires. A second layer of 100 turns and if much fewer wires is wound over the first
near its center. Calculate the mutual inductance of the two coils.
SOLUTION:
μo μr A N 1 N 2 2 2 2
M= A=π r = π (0.02) = 0.00125 m
l
( 4 π ×10−7 ) ( 1 )( 0.00125 )( 2500 )( 100)
M= = 0.392 mH  0.4 H
(1)
128. The energy (Wo) stored in a coil is dependent in the inductance (L) of the coil and the
current flowing. If the inductance wire doubled with the same current flowing, what would
be the resulting stored energy?
SOLUTION:
1 2 W 1 L1
W= L W = kL =
2 1 W 2 L2
L1 2 L1
W 2 = W 1( ) = W o( ) W 2= 2 W o
L2 L2
129. A 0.6 H coil whose resistance is 12 ohms is connected in series with a 24 ohms resistor
and to a 144 V battery and a switch. The switch is closed at f= 0. Determine the energy
stored in the magnetic field at steady state.
SOLUTION:
E 144
I= = =4A
R 12+ 24
( 6 ) (4)2
W = ½ u2 =
2
W = 485
130. A coil of 500 turns is linked a flux of 80,000 maxwells. If the flux is reduced to zero in
0.001 second, what us the average voltage induced?
SOLUTION:
d∅ ( ∅2 −∅ 1) 10−80,000
e=N =N e = 500 ( ¿ ×10−8
dt dt 0.01
e = 40 V
131. The flux density emanating from a pole of generator is 20,000-gauss. A conductor one
meter long cuts the flux perpendicularly at a speed of 40 m per second. What voltage is
developed?
SOLUTION:
L = 1 m = 100 cm V = 40 m/s = 4000 cm/s
e = β cv ×10−8 = (20,000) (100) (4000) ×10−8
e = 80 volts
132. A straight copper conductor 20 cm ling moves across a magnetic field of 10,000 gauss at
an angle of 60 degree and at the velocity if 120 cm/sec. What is the generated voltage?
SOLUTION:
e = βcy sinθ ×10−8
e = (10,000) (20) (120) (sin60) ×10−8
e = 0.2078 volt
The current is cut-off and the flux collapses in 0.01 sec. What is the average voltage that
will appear across the coil?
SOLUTION:
Q 100,000
e = N ( ) ×10−8 e = 2000 ( ) ×10−8
f 0.01
e = 200 V
134. How much is the inductance of a coil that induces 300 N when the current changes at the
rate of 10 mA in 1 s?
SOLUTION:
di df 300(1 ×10−6 )
e=L L=e = = 0.03 H
df di 10 ×10
−3
135. A solenoid has 900 turns. A current of 5 A in the winding will produce a flux of 2,000,000
maxwells. Determine the inductance of the solenoid?
SOLUTION:
NØ
L= = ¿) ×10−8 L = 3.6 H
I
136. An air core solenoid has a length of 25 cm and a cross sectional area of 5 cm2. If it is
wound with 3000 turns of wire, determine the self-inductance of the solenoid.
SOLUTION:
K = 5 cm 2 ×¿ = 0.0005 m2; = 0.25 m
2 −7 2
❑o ❑r A N ( 4 ×10 )(4)(0.0005)(30000)
L= =
R 0.25
L = 0.234
137. Determine the inductance of a 50 cm long copper coaxial cable whose inner diameter is
0.5 cm and whose outer diameter is 1.2 cm.
SOLUTION:
P
L = 2 ×10−7ln ( ), henry/meter
d
1.2
L = 2 ×10−7ln ( ) (0.5) = 87.55 ×10−9 H
0.5
whose self-inductance are 1.2 and 2 H?
SOLUTION:
M 1
M = k √ L1 L2 k = = = 0.645
√ L1 L2 √( 1.2 ) ( 2)
139. A coil of inductance 4 mH produces 120 Wb of magnetic flux. 90 Wb of these total
fluxes are linked to a second coil of inductance 2 mH. Determine the mutual inductance
between the two coils?
SOLUTION:
flux linking L1 ∧L2 90
k= = = 0.75
flux produced by L1 120
M = k √ L1 L2 = 0.75√ (4)(2)
M = 2.12 H
140. The inductance of a Coil carrying a current of 0.5 A is 2 H. Determine the energy stored
in the coil.
SOLUTION:
1 2 1
W= L = ( 2 ) (0.5)2 = 0.25 J
2 1 2
SINGLE PHASE AC CIRCUITS

141. What is the wavelength of a carrier wave with a frequency of 100 megahertz?
SOLUTION:
2
Vc 3 ×1 0
⋌= = 6 = 3 m
f 100× 1 0
142. An alternating current of rectangular wave shape has amplitude of 10 and a frequency of
one (1). What is the RMS current?
SOLUTION:
RMS = Amax = 10 A
143. Find the average current of a sinusoidal current wave during the half cycle given the
instantaneous maximum current of 20 A.
SOLUTION:
AVE = 0.636 Amax = 0.636 (20) = 12.72 A
144. The instantaneous voltage of a single-phase generator is given by the equation 300 sin
Wt. What is the rms voltage?
SOLUTION:
RMS = 0.707 A max = 0.707 (300) =212.1 V
145. A 40 F capacitor is connected in series with 40  resistor. If the volume is 220 V, what
is the current? Assume W= 337
SOLUTION:
1 1 E 220
xc = = = 66.313  I= =
Wc 377( 40× 10−6 ) z 77.443
z = √ (R)2 +¿ ¿ = √ (40)2+¿ ¿ I = 2.84 A

z = 77.443 
146. A load of 20 + j35 ohms is connected across a 220 volts source. Determine the vars.
SOLUTION:
E 220<0
I= = = 5.457 ¿ -60.225 A
z 20+ j 35
Q = E I sin θ = (220) (5.457) (sin 60.255)
Q = 1042.36 VARS
147. The metering of a power customer was read and gave following data: kW-hr = 200,000;
kVar-hr = 100,000 maximum demand = 380 kW; billing = 30. What is the average power
factor of the customer?
SOLUTION:
P P 200,000
Pf = = 2 2 =
S √ P Q √(200,000)2 (180,000)2
Pf = 0.743
148. A load draws current from a voltage source. The equation of the current and voltage are
I= 10 cos wt. V= 220 sin wt. What is the power?
SOLUTION:
E = 220 sin wt
I = 10 cos wt  I = 10 sin (wt +90)
P = EI cos (∝−β ) = 220 (10)  cos (0 - 90) 
P = 0 watts
149. The instantaneous voltage and current of a load are given as follows: V = 120sin (wt +
80): I= 10sin (wt + 20). What is the power?
SOLUTION:
Em I m (120)(10)
P= cos (∝−β ) = cos (80 - 20)
2 2
P = 300 watts
150. A resistor of 50  and an impedance of 100 + j50 ohms are connected in parallel across a
220 volts supply. What is the power factor of the load?
SOLUTION:
1 1
z= 1 1 = 1 1
+ +
z 1 z 2 50 10+ j 50
z = 35.355 < 8.13   Pf = cos θ = cos 8.13
Pf = 0.989 lagging
151. An LC circuit resonates a 2000 kHt and has Q of 100. Determine the lower and upper cut
off frequencies.
SOLUTION:
f r 2000
Bw = = = 20 kHz
Q 100
Bw 20
f1 = fr - = 2000 - = 1990 kHz
2 2
Bw 20
f1 = fr - = 2000 + = 2010 kHz
2 2
152. The instantaneous values of the voltage are given on its equation V = 105 sin wt – 25 sin
3wt + 15 sin (6wt – 30 deg). What is its rms value?
SOLUTION:
√
Erms = 1 ¿ ¿
2
√
Erms = 1 ¿ ¿
2
Erms = 77.055 Volts
153. If admittance y = 0.06 -j0.08 mho, then conductance G equals.
SOLUTION:
 By inspection, conductance (G) is equal to 0.06 mho while the inductive
subreptance (B) is equal to 0.08 mho
154. Capacitor of 30 mF capacitance is in series with a coil across an 8000-cycle supply.
What inductance is required for resonance?
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
f= L= = −6
2 π √ Lc 2 2 2 2
4 π f c 4 π ( 8000 ) (30 ×10 )
L = 13.19 H
155. One leg of a radio tuned circuit has a capacitance of one times ten to the minus nine
farad. It is tunes at 200 kHz, what is the inductance of the other leg in henry?
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
f= L= = −9
2 π √ Lc 2 2 2 2
4 π f c 4 π ( 200000 ) (1 ×10 )
L = 6.33 ×10−4 H
156. A loud speaker whose inductance is 1.15 H is coupled to a power tube through a
condenser of 200 F capacity. To what frequency will the combination be resonant?
SOLUTION:
1 1
f= = = 104.9
2 π √ Lc 2 π √ (1.15)(9 ×10−6 )
f  105 Hz
157. What capacitance must be placed in series with an inductive of 0.05 H so that at 100 Hz,
the impedance becomes equal to the ohmic resistance?
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
f= c= =
2 π √ Lc 2 2 2 2
4 π f c 4 π ( 100 ) (0.05)
c = 50.66 ×10−6
c  50.7 F
158. An impedance coil draws an apparent power of 50 VA and an active power of 40 W.
Solve the Q factor of the coil.
SOLUTION:
X L X L 12 Q P
Q= = - =
R R 12 P
Q P = √ S 2−P2 = √ 502−402
Q P = 30
30
substitute: Q = = 0.75
40
159. A coil is supplied with 200 volts and takes a current (rms) of 2 amperes at 0.707 lagging.
The quality factor (Q) of the coil is.
SOLUTION:
E 200
θ = co s−1 0.707 = 45 z = = = 100 
I 2
R = z cos θ = 100 (0.707) = 70.7 
X L = z sin θ = 100 sin 45  = 70.7 
XL
Q= =1
R
160. The total current in a given circuit has the equation: I= 10 + 16sin wt – 8sin 2wt + 5cos
3wt. Calculate the effective value of the current.
SOLUTION:
√
I rms = Id c 2+ 1 ¿ ¿
2
I rms = √ ¿ ¿
I rms = 16.5 A
SOLUTION:155
1 1 1
f= L= = −9
2 π √ Lc 2 2 2 2
4 π f c 4 π ( 200000 ) (1 ×10 )
L = 6.33 ×10−4 H
162. A coil is supplied with 200 volts and takes current (RMS) of 2 amperes at 0.707 lagging.
Determine the quality factor (Q) of the coil.
SOLUTION:
E 200
θ = co s−1 0.707 = 45 z = = = 100 
I 2
R = z cos θ = 100 (0.707) = 70.7 
X L = z sin θ = 100 sin 45  = 70.7 
XL
Q= =1
R
163. A 5 H inductance is connected in parallel with one F capacitor. At what frequency total
the circuit be in anti-resonance?
SOLUTION:
1 1
f= =
2 π √ Lc 2 π √ ( 0.005 ) (1 ×10−6)
f = 2250.79 Hz
164. An LC circuit resonates a 2000 kHz and has Q of 100. Determine the lower and upper
cut off frequencies.
SOLUTION:
f r 2000
Bw = = = 20 kHz
Q 100
Bw 20
f1 = fr - = 2000 - = 1990 kHz
2 2
Bw 20
f1 = fr - = 2000 + = 2010 kHz
2 2
165. The instantaneous values of the voltage are given on its equation V = 105 sin wt – 25 sin
3wt + 15 sin (6wt – 30 deg). What is its rms value?
SOLUTION:
√
Erms = 1 ¿ ¿
2
√
Erms = 1 ¿ ¿
2
Erms = 77.055 Volts
166. A 12-phase star connected transformer bank supplies power to a balanced load rated 10
MW, at 4160 at 85% of lagging. Calculate the current in each line.
SOLUTION:
P = n V L I Pcos θ
VL
P = 12 ( 180 ) I Lcos θ
2sin ( )
12
4160
6
10 ×10 = 12 ( 180 ) () (0.85)
2sin ( )
12
I L = 122 A
167. Three identical impedances of 8 - j6 ohms are connected in delta across a balanced 2084,
3 phase 60 Hb system. Determine the line current drawn.
SOLUTION:
z = 8 + j6 = 10 ¿ - 36.86 
VL 205
Ic = √3 I P = √3 ( ) = √3 ( ) = 36.07 A
z 10
168. Three identical impedances of 8 - j6 ohms are connected in delta across a balanced 2084,
3 phase 60 Hb system. Determine the line current drawn.
SOLUTION:
z = 8 + j6 = 10 ¿ - 36.86 
VL 205
Ic = √3 I P = √3 ( ) = √3 ( ) = 36.07 A
z 10
169. A balanced three-phase load is wye-connected: p and has an impedance 7p = 4-j3 ohms
per phase. Find the line current if this load is connected across a 220 volts three phase
source.
SOLUTION:
z = 4 – j3 = 5 ¿ - 36.869
VP 220
Ic = IP = ( )=( ) = 254 A
√3 z √3 (5)
170. The primary of a 34.5 kV/13.8 kV, 50 MVA transformer as wye-connected. The three
primary currents are Ia = 720 cis - 30 ; Ib = 695 cis 209; Ic = 710 cis 88. Determine the
neutral current.
SOLUTION:
IN = I A + IB + Ic
I N = 720 ¿ -30 + 695 ¿ 209 + 710 ¿ 88
I N = 42.363 ¿ 17.253 A
171. A 170 kV, 3 phase electric source delivers 200 MVA to a balanced load, which has a
power factor of 20% lagging. What is the line current.
SOLUTION:
S = √3 V L IL
S 200 × 10
6
IL = = = 679.23 A
√3 V L √3 (170,000)
172. A generator supplies three phase power to balanced load. The voltage is 230 volts, the
current is 18 A and the power factor is 85%. What is the power?
SOLUTION:
P = √ 3 V L I L cos θ = √ 3 (230) (18) (0.15) = 6.095 watts
173. An 8-pole alternator is running a 900 rpm. What is its frequency?

SOLUTION:
PN ( 8 ) (900)
f= f= f = 60 Hz
120 120
174. A sine wave has a frequency of 50 Hz. Its angular wave is ______.
SOLUTION:
29 (50) = 2t t = 314.16 rad/s
175. The voltage e = 90 cost (wt-161.5) maybe represented as sine function by ______.
SOLUTION:
Cos θ = sin (θ+ 90)
e = 90 cos (wt – 161.5 + 90)
e = 9 sin (wt – 71.5)
176. At what speed should six pole alternators be driven to develop 40 Hz.
SOLUTION:
PN ( 6 ) (N )
f= 40 = N = 800 rpm
120 120
177. A sine wave has a maximum value of 20 V. Its value at 135 is ______.
SOLUTION:
e = V max sin θ
e = 20 sin 135
e = 14.14 V
178. An alternating current is given by i = 10 sin 314f. How long will it take to generate two
cycles of current?
SOLUTION:
1
W =2 πf T= = 0.02
50
314 = 2 πf 2T = 0.04 s
P = 50 Hz
179. When a 200 V sinusoidal peak to peak is connected across an AC voltmeter, it will read
________ volts.
SOLUTION:
100
RMS = = 70.7 V
√2
180. The RMS valve of a sine wave is 100 A. Its peak value.
SOLUTION:
(100) (√ 2) = 141.4 A
181. A load of (20 + j35) ohms is connected across a 220 V source. Determine reactive power?
SOLUTION:
2 2
V 220
S= = s = 595.692 + j1042.462 VA
z 20+ j 35
Q = 1042.462 VAR
182. What is the maximum value of a half wave sinusoidal rectified if its RMS value is 8 A.
SOLUTION:
1 1
RMS = Im 8 = Im I m = 16 A
2 2
183. An alternating current of a rectangular wave shape has amplitude of 10 A. What is the
RMS current?
SOLUTION:
RMS = Amax = 10 A
184. The RMS value of triangular wave of amplitude 50 V.

SOLUTION:
50 (0.577) = 28.25 V
185. The value of form factor for a pure sine wave is _______.
SOLUTION:
RMS 1 2
PF = = Am/ Am = 1.11
AVE √ 2 ❑
186. A load of (20 + j35) ohms is connected across a 220 V source. Determine reactive power?
SOLUTION:
2 2
V 220
S= = s = 595.692 + j1042.462 VA
z 20+ j 35
Q = 1042.462 VAR
187. A series RCC circuit has L = 10 mH. If the total current of the circuit is i = 12.5 sin (3000
+ -50) A and the total voltage is e = 353.5 sin (3000 + -10) V. Find the capacitance C.
SOLUTION:
V
RCC CIRCUIT z=
I
353.5<−10
L = 10 mH z=
12.5<−55
i = 12.5 sin (3000t – 550) z = 20 + j20 
e = 353.5 sin (3000t - 100)
c =? X L = 2fL
W = 2 f X T = X L- X C X L = 2 (477.46) (10m)
3000 = 2 f 20 = 30 - X C X L = j 30 
f = 477. 46 Hz X C = 10 
1
XC =
2 fc
1
10  =
2(477.46) c
C = 33.3 F
188. A series circuit consists of 20-ohm resistor, 0.2 H inductor and 50 F capacitor. If a
variable frequency Ac source is connected across its terminals, what is the resonant
frequency?
SOLUTION:
1 1
f= f=
2 π √ Lc 2 π √ 0.2 H (50 F )
f = 50.34 Hz
189. A series RCC circuit with R = 5 , L = 20 mH and a variable capacitance C. Find C to

the tune the circuit across a 100 Hz source.
SOLUTION:
1 1
f= 1000 = c = 1.27 F
2 π √ Lc 2 π √ 20 mH (c)
190. A coil takes apparent power and reactive power of 100 VA and 80 VAR respectively. The
Q factor of the coil is________.
SOLUTION:
Q
X 32 80
S = 100 VA Q= L = = = 1.33
R P 60
I2
Q = 80 VAR
P = 60 W
191. A series RCC circuit has R = 1 k ohm, L = 100 mH and C= 10 pF. Solve its band with.
SOLUTION:
Fr r
R 1000
B = 2πF L = 2πL = =
2 π 2 π (100 × 10−3)
R R
B = 1592 Hz
192. A certain amplifier has a voltage gain of 15 dB. If the input signal voltage is 0.88. What is
output voltage.
SOLUTION:
wt
15 = 20 log
0.8
V out = 4.5 V
193. A resistive alternator reduces a 10 MW input to 5 mW output. What is the dB loss?
SOLUTION:
500 mw
dB = 10 log dB = -3 dB
10 mw
194. In a two- stage amplifier, the voltage gain of the first stage is 12 and the second is 15.
Find the approximate overall dB gain of the amplifier.
SOLUTION:
20 log (12) + 20 log (15) = 45 dB
195. A capacitor of 50 F is connected in parallel with a coil that has a resistance of 70 ohms
and inductance of 0.05 A. If the parallel combination is connected across a 200 V, 50 Hz
supply, calculate the line current.
SOLUTION:
ZT =  Z1−1+ Z 2−1 ❑−1 ZT = (− jX ¿¿ C)−1+(R j X L )−1 ❑−1 ¿
ZT = −
( 1
)
2 π (50 ) ( 50 × 10 )
−6
❑−1 j+¿
ZT = 31. 15 < 15.5 

V 200<0
I= =
Zr 31.15<15.5
I = 6.42 < - 15.5
196. A fluorescent lamp and its ballast inductance draw a 1 A current at 50% lagging power
factor from a 220 V 60 Hz source. What is the overall power factor when a 7 F is
connected across the fixture.
SOLUTION:
1 200<0
XC = IC = = 0.5 < 90 
2 π FC − j 378.94
1
XC = I C = 1 < - 60
2 π ( 60 ) (7)
X C = 378.94  I T =I C + I L
= 1 < -60 + 0.5 < 90
= 0.62 < -36.2
Pf = cos 36.2 = 0.807
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
f= L= = −9
2 π √ Lc 2 2 2 2
4 π f c 4 π ( 200000 ) (1 ×10 )
L = 6.33 ×10−4 H
198. A 20 F capacitor and a 200  resistor in parallel draw 4 A of current at 60 Hz. Find the
power consumption.
SOLUTION:
L = 20 F // 200  I=4A f = 60 Hz
P = I 2z
1 2 1 2
Z= // 200 = ( I π ( 60 ) ( 20 F ) + ¿
j 2 π (60)c 200
P = I 2z = 4 2(61.088 – i 92.12) = 0.98 – i 1.47 kVA
SOLUTION:
E 200
θ = co s−1 0.707 = 45 z = = = 100 
I 2
R = z cos θ = 100 (0.707) = 70.7 
X L = z sin θ = 100 sin 45  = 70.7 
XL
Q= =1
R
200. A 5 mH inductance is connected in parallel with one of capacitor. At what frequency shall
the circuit be in anti- resonance.
SOLUTION:
1 1
f= = = 2250.79 Hz
2 π √ Lc 2 π √ 1× 10−9
201. An LC circuit resonates at 2000 kHz and has a Q of 100. Determine the lower cut-off
frequencies.
SOLUTION:
f R 2000
Bw = = = 20 kHz
Q 100
Bw 20
f1 = fR - = 2000 - = 1990 kHz
L 2
Bw 20
f1 = fR + = 2000 + = 2010 kHz
L 2
202. A galvanometer has a resistance of 300 ohms. What is the ohmic resistance of the shunt
to make it read 1 is to 10.
SOLUTION:
Rq+ Rsh 300+ Rsh
Multiplier = 10 =
Rsh Rsh
10 Rsh = 300 + Rsh Rsh = 33.33 ohms
203. In a cap winding the front pitch is 17 and the back is 19. What is the average pitch?
SOLUTION:
Y p +Y f 19+17
V ave = = = 18
2 2
204. The difference between the back and the front pitch is 2. The front pitch is 21. If the
winding is cap retrogressive, what us back pitch?
SOLUTION:
Yb = Yf – 2m  for retrogressive lap
Yb = 21 – 2 (1)
Yb = 19
205. Calculate the speed of a 60 cp, 14 resistors if the slip is 5%
SOLUTION:
120 f 120(60)
Nr = (1 - s) = (1 – 0.05)
P 14
Nr = 488.57 rpm
206. A 4-pole single phase induction motor is rated 20 Hz 220 Hp, 60 Hz, 1750 rpm and 80%.
What is the percent slip at rated load?
SOLUTION:
120T 120(60)
Ns = = = 1800 rpm
4 4
N s−N r 1800−1750
8= = ×100 %
Ns 1800
S = 2.78 %
207. A 50 Hp three phase motor, rated 220 V, 60 Hz, 75% pt has 6 poles. The slip at full load
is 3%. What is the frequency of the rotor current at full load?
SOLUTION:
fr = sf = 0.03 (60) fr = 1.8 Hz
208. A four-pole synchronous motor runs at 1645 rpm at a certain instant. What is the system
frequency at that instant?
SOLUTION:
120 f PNs 4 (1645)

Ns = f= f= = 54.8 Hz
P 120 120
209. Two no. 8 copper conductors are placed 15 cm apart with a GMR of 1.27 ×10−3 m. If
the length of the line is 4 km, find the value of the inductance.
SOLUTION:
d 0.15
L = 4 ×10−7ln ( ) = 4 ×10−7ln ( −3 )
GMR 1.27 ×10
H
L = 1.9086 ×10−6 × 4000 m = 7.63 mH
m
210. The capacitive inductance of a 40 km, 24.5 kV line is 90,000 km. What u=is the total
conductive reactance of the line?
SOLUTION:
X C ( per unit length of line) 90,000

XC= = = 2250 
length of the line 40
211. A generator rated 600 kVA, 2400 V, 60 cycles, 3 phase 6 poles and wye-connected has
10% synchronous reactance. If the three-phase fault occurs, what will be the short circuit
current?
SOLUTION:
Sbase 600,000
If = =
√3 Vbase Z 1(PL) √3 ( 2400 ) (0.1)
If = 1433 A
212. In a short circuit study, the MVA base is 50. What is the base impedance at 69 kV?
SOLUTION:
2 2
V base (69000)
I base = = = 95. 22 ohms
S base 50 ×106
213. At 34.5 kV substation the available fault current is 10 pu. What is the available fault
MVA if the base MVA is 50.
SOLUTION:
1 1
Zm (N) = = = 0.1 pu
If ( Pu) 10
MVA base 50
MVA f = = = 500 MVA
Zfn ( pu) 0.1
214. What is the VA rating of 20 A, 220 V branch Ckt used at continuous duty to supply a
wall sign?
SOLUTION:
Rating = A × V × 80% = 20 (220) (0.8) = 3520 VA
215. What is the VA rating of a 24 ft lighting track?
SOLUTION:
Track Length 24
Rating = × 180 VA = (180)
2 2
Rating = 2160 VA
216. Determine the load of 8 receptacle outlets supplying cord and plug connected loads at
continuous duty.
SOLUTION:
Load = No. of outlets × 180 × 125%
Load = 8 (180) (1.25) = 1800 VA
217. A 100:5 current transformer is connected to a 5-A ammeter. What will be the ammeter
deflection for a line current of 80 A?
SOLUTION:
I actual = I reading× CT ratio
80 = I reading×( 100 ) I reading = 4 A

5
218. A 100:1 potential transformer is connected to a 150-V voltmeter to monitor the

transmission line voltage. If the voltmeter registers 138 V, what is the transmission line
voltage.
SOLUTION:
V actual = V reading × pT ratio
V actual = 138 × (100/1) = 13.8 kV
219. A single phase transformer is rates 4160 V primary and 250 V secondary. If it has 1500
turns in primary, what should be the number of turns in the secondary winding?
SOLUTION:
N1 E N 1 E2 ( 1900 ) (250)
=  N2 = = N2 = N 2=¿ 90 turns
N2 E2 E1 4160
220. If the power transmitted by the shaft of a motor is 70 Hp and the torque exerted at the
pulley is 220 N-m, what is the speed?
SOLUTION:
2 NT HP 44760 70(44760)
HP = N = N=
44760 2T 2(220)
N = 647 .6 rpm
221. An alternating current of rectangular wave shape amplitude of 10 and frequency of one
(1). What is the RMS current?
SOLUTION:
RMS = Amax = 10 A
222. Find the average current of a sinusoidal current wave taking the half cycle. Given the
instantaneous maximum current of 20 A.
SOLUTION:
AVE = 0.636 Amax = 0.636 (20) = 12.72 A
223. The instantaneous voltage of a single-phase generator is given by the equation 300
sinwt. What is the rms voltage?
SOLUTION:
RMS = 0.707 A max = 0.707 (300) =212.1 V
224. a 100 mH inductance is connected in series with a 40-ohm resistor. The voltage is 220
volts, what is the current? Assume w = 377.
SOLUTION:
X C = wL = 377 (100 ×10−3) = 37.7 
Z = √ (R)2 +( X C )2 = √ (40)2+(37.7)2 = 55 
E 220
I= = =4A
Z 55
225. A 40 microfarad capacitor is connected in series with a 40-ohm resistor. If the voltage is
220 V. What is the current? Assume w = 337.
SOLUTION:
1 1 E 220
xc = = = 66.313  I= =
Wc 377( 40× 10−6 ) z 77.443
z = √ (R)2 +¿ ¿ = √ (40)2+¿ ¿ I = 2.84 A
z = 77.443 
226. A 160 F capacitor is connected in series with a 10-ohm resistance. Write equation of
the current when the voltage is 220 sin 377t volts.
SOLUTION:
1 1 E 220
Xc = = = 16.578  I= =
Wc 377(160 ×10−6) z 77.443
z = R− j Xc = 10 – j16.578
E 220< 0
I= = = 11.36 < 58.9 A
Z 10− j16.578
I = 11.36 sin (377t + 58.9) A
227. An AC circuit load is rated 160 kVA at a lagging power factor of 0.75. Determine real
and reactive powers.
SOLUTION:
Q
θ = cos−10.75 = 41.41 sin θ =  Q = S sin θ
S
P
cos θ =  P = S cos θ Q = (160) (sin 41.41)
S
P = (160) (cos 41.41) = 120 kW Q = 105. 82 kVAR
228. A load of 20 + j35 ohms is connected across a 220 Volts source. Determine the vars.
SOLUTION:
E 220<0
I= = = 5.457 ¿ -60.225 A
z 20+ j 35
Q = E I sin θ = (220) (5.457) (sin 60.255)
Q = 1042.36 VARS
229. The metering of a power customer was read and gave the following data: kW-hr = 200,
000, kVar-hr = 180, 000; maximum demand = 380 kW billing days = 30. What is the
average power of the customer?
SOLUTION:
P P 200,000
Pf = = 2 2 =
S √ P Q √(200,000)2 (180,000)2
Pf = 0.743
230. A load draws current from a voltage source. The equation of the current and voltage are:
I = 10cos wt V = 220 sin wt. What is the power?
SOLUTION:
E = 220 sin wt
I = 10 cos wt  I = 10 sin (wt +90)
P = EI cos (∝−β ) = 220 (10)  cos (0 - 90) 
P = 0 watts
231. The instantaneous voltage and current of a load are given as follows: V = 120 sin (wt +
80); i = 10 sin (wt +20). What is the power?
SOLUTION:
Em I m (120)(10)
P= cos (∝−β ) = cos (80 - 20)
2 2
P = 300 watts
232. A 100 F capacitor is connected in parallel with a coil of 10  resistance and of 30-ohm
reactance. What is the equivalent impedance? Assume w = 377.
SOLUTION:
1 1
Xc = = = 26.525 
Wc 377(100 ×10−6)
1 1
z= 1 1 = 1 1 z = 79.33 < -37.597 
+ +
z 1 z 2 − j26.525 10+ j 30
233. A resistor of 50 ohms and an impedance of 100 + j50 ohms are connected in parallel
across a 220 volts supply. What is the power factor of the load.
SOLUTION:
1 1
z= 1 1 = 1 1
+ +
z 1 z 2 50 10+ j 50
z = 35.355 < 8.13   Pf = cos θ = cos 8.13
Pf = 0.989 lagging
SOLUTION:
1 1 1
f= L= = −9
2 π √ Lc 2 2 2 2
4 π f c 4 π ( 200000 ) (1 ×10 )
L = 6.33 ×10−4 H
SOLUTION:
θ = co s−1 0.707 = 45

Q = tan θ = tan 45 1
236. How much is the inductance of a coil that induces 300 V when the current changes at
the rate of 10 MA in 1 S.
SOLUTION:
di df 300(1 ×10−6 )
e=L L=e = = 0.03 H
df di 10 ×10−3
237. A solenoid has 900 turns. A current of 5 A in the winding will produce a flux of
2,000,000 maxwells. Determine the inductance of the solenoid?
SOLUTION:
NØ
L= = ¿) ×10−8 L = 3.6 H
I
238. Determine the inductance of a 50 cm long copper coaxial cable whose inner diameter is
0.5 cm and whose outer diameter is 1.2 cm.
SOLUTION:
P
d
1.2
L = 2 ×10−7ln ( ) (0.5) = 87.55 ×10−9 H
0.5
whose self-inductance 1.2 and 2H?
SOLUTION:
M 1
M = k √ L1 L 2 k = = = 0.645
√ L1 L2 √( 1.2 ) ( 2)
240. A solenoid has 250 turns. What is the magnetomotive force when the current is 0.12 A?
SOLUTION:
τ = 0.4  NI = 0.4  (250) (0.12) = 37.79 gilberts
241. How many magnetic lines of force will pass a 5 sq-cm perpendicular area on a magnetic
field having a plus density of 2000 gauss?
SOLUTION:
= β A = (2000) (5) = 10,000 maxwells
242. If a current of 5 A flows through a long wire of radius 0.004 meter. What is the magnetic
field intensity produced 0.02 meter away from the surface of the wire.
SOLUTION:
I 5
2r 2(0.02)
243. Calculate the speed of a 60 cycle, 14 pole motor if the slip is 5%.
SOLUTION:
120 f 120(60)
Nr = (1 - s) = (1 – 0.05)
P 14
Nr = 488.57 rpm
244. A 4 pole single phase induction motor is rated 20 Hz 220 Volts, 60 Hz, 1750 rpm and
80%. What is the percent slip at rated load?
SOLUTION:
120T 120(60)
Ns = = = 1800 rpm
4 4
N s−N r 1800−1750
S= = ×100 %
Ns 1800
S = 2.78 %
SOLUTION:
fr = sf = 0.03 (60) fr = 1.8 Hz
246. A four-pole synchronous motor runs at 1645 rpm at a certain instant. What us the system
SOLUTION:
120 f PNs 4 (1645)

Ns = f= f= = 54.8 Hz
P 120 120
247. In a 3 Ø synchronous converter, what is the ratio of the AC voltage to Dc voltage?
SOLUTION:
180
sin
V ac = ( n ) V dc
√2
180 180
V ac sin V ac sin V ac
= n = 3 = 0.612
V dc V dc V dc
√2 √2
SOLUTION:
2 2
V base (69000)
I base = = = 95. 22 ohms
S base 50 ×106
249. What is the minimum conductor ampacity required to supply power to a single-phase
motor drawing a FLC of 10 A.
SOLUTION:
Ampacity = 125% of FLC = 1.25 × 10
Ampacity = 12.5 A
250. A single-phase AC motor has a FLC of 30 A. The rating of the two fuses for line
protection is _______.
SOLUTION:
Size = 300% of FLC = 3 (30) = 90 A
251. In a cap winding the front pitch is 17 and the back is 19. What is the average pitch?
SOLUTION:
Y p +Y f 19+17
V ave = = = 18
2 2
252. The difference between the back pitch and the front pitch is 2. The front pitch is 21. If
the winding is cap retrogressive, what us back pitch?
SOLUTION:
Yb = Yf – 2m  for retrogressive lap
Yb = 21 – 2 (1)
Yb = 19
253. If the armature of an eight- pole machine was wound with a simplex wave winding, how
many parallel paths would there be?
SOLUTION:
a = 2m  for wave winding
a = 2 (1) = 2 paths
254. A four-pole DC generator with cap winding has 48 slots, 4 elements per slot. How many
coils does it have. Assume one conductor per coil side.
SOLUTION:
4 elements 1coil
n= × × 48 slots
slot 2 elements
n = 96 slots
255. A duplex lap wound for pole DC generator has 120 slots and four elements per slot. Hoe
many commutator segments are there?
SOLUTION:
4 elements
z= × 120 slots = 480 elements
slot
z 480
Nc = = = 240 segments
2 2
256. A four pole wave wound armature has 744 armature conductors in C2 slots. If the
commutator has 156 segments, determine the coil span.
SOLUTION:
total slots 62
Coil span = = = 15.5 coil span = 15
pole 4
257. Same as 256: Determine the number of conductors.
SOLUTION:
2 active coil sides conductors

Z = number of coils × ( ) ×( )
coil coil side
Substitute: 744 = 186 (2) n n=2
258. If the power transmitted by the shaft of a motor is 70 Hp and the torque exerted at the
pulley is 220 N-m, what is the speed?
SOLUTION:
2 NT HP 44760 70(44760)
HP = N = N=
44760 2T 2(220)
N = 647 .6 rpm
259. A six pole, 3 phase AC generator has 72 slots. The coil span is 12. What is the pitch
factor?
SOLUTION:
12
coil span
Pitch = = 72 = 1.0
slots per pole
6
Pitch factor = sin (90 × pitch) = sin (90 ×1)
Pitch factor = 1.0
260. A 400 kV, 6.9 kV, 60 cycles are connected alternator has the following data: poles = 6,
conductor per slot = 12, total slots = 54; winding = two-layer cap; pitch = 8/9; flux per
pole = 4 ×102 maxwells. Determine belt factor.
SOLUTION:
180
180
8= = 54 = 20 
slots per pole
6
54
n = slots/ pole/ phase = =3
6(3)
n8 3(20)
sin sin
2 2
kb = = = 0.96
8 20
n sin 3 sin
2 2
261. Same as 260: Determine the pitch factor.
SOLUTION:
kp = sin [ (90) (pitch)]

kp = sin [ (90) (809)] = 0.985
262. Same as 260: Determine the conductors in series per phase.
SOLUTION:
12conductors
Z total = × 54 slots = 648 conductors
slots
648
Z= = 216 conductors/phase
3
263. Same as 260: Determine the terminal voltage.
SOLUTION:
Ep = 2.22 kp kb f ×10−8
Ep = 2.22 (0.985) (0.96) (60) (4 ×10 7) (416) ×10−8
Ep = 10,882.42 Volts/phase
E L = √ 3 Ep = √ 3 (10,882.42) = 18,849 volts
264. A singe phase AC generator has an armature winding resistance and reactance of 0.2
ohm and 2.0 ohms respectively. At rated load, the current delivered is 50 A at 500 V.
Determine the generated EMF when the load power factor is. Determine the unity.
SOLUTION:
θ = cos−11.0  θ = 0
Ep = √¿ ¿
Ep = √¿ ¿
E p = 519.71 volts
265. Same as 264; At 0.866 lagging.
SOLUTION:
θ = cos−10.886  θ = 30
Ep = √¿ ¿
Ep = √¿ ¿
E p = 564.55 volts
266. Same as 264: At 0.707 leading.
SOLUTION:
θ = cos−10.707  θ = 45
Ep = √¿ ¿
Ep = √¿ ¿
E p = 443.24 volts
267. Determine the per phase nominal impedance of a 30 MVA, 15 kV three phase alternator.
SOLUTION:
Ebase (15000)2
Z phase = = Z phase = 7.5 
S base 30 ×106
268. A single phase transformer is rates 4160 V primary and 250 V secondary. If it has 1500
turns in primary, what should be the number of turns in the secondary winding?
SOLUTION:
N1 E N 1 E2 ( 1500 ) (250)
=  N2 = = N2 =
N2 E2 E1 4160
N 2=¿ 90 turns
269. The no load current of a transformer is 4 A at 0.25 pf when supplied at 250 V, 50 Hz.
Determine the core loss.
SOLUTION:
Pcore loss=¿ Poc Poc = E oc I oc Pf = 250 (4) (0.25)
Pcore loss=¿ 250 watts
270. Same as 269: Resistance representing the core loss.
SOLUTION:
2
Eoc 250
2
Rm = = Rm = 250 
Poc 250
271. Same as 269: Magnetizing reactance.
SOLUTION:
Soc = E oc I oc = 250 (4) = 1000 VA
Qoc = √ S oc 2−Poc2 = √ 10002−2502

Qoc = 968.24 VAR
2
Eoc 250
2
Xm = = X m = 64.55 ohms
Qoc 968.24
272. A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA three-phase transformer has 5% impedance. What is the
impedance in ohms referred to the primary?
SOLUTION:
Srated Z 1 2
X Z V1
%IZ = 2  Z1 =
V1 Srated
Z1 = 0.05 ¿ ¿ = 0.9522 
273. The percent impedance of a 115 kV transmission line is (3.8 + j 15.1). At 100 MVA
base. What is its ohmic impedance?
SOLUTION:
Srated Z ohmic %IZ V
2
%IZ = 2  Z ohmic =
V Srated
Z ohmic = (0.038+ j 0.151) ¿ ¿
Z ohmic = 5.0255 + j 19.97 ohms
274. What should be the turns ratio of a three-phase transformer to transform 10,000 MVA
from 230 kV to 4160 V if the transformer is to be connected ∆ -Y:
SOLUTION:
N 1 V P 1 270 kV
V L2 = 4.16 kV V P 2 = 2.4 kV = =
N 2 V P 2 2.4 kV
V L2 4.16
V P2 = = V L1 = 230 kV = 95.83
√3 √3
V P 1 = V L1 = 270 kV
Turns ratio = 96
275. Two single-phase transformers in an open-delta bank served a three-pole balanced load
of 43.3 kVA. What should be the kVA rating of each of transformer.
SOLUTION:
v−v 43.3
v – v = √ 3 rating rating = =
√3 √3
Rating = 25 kVA
276. Same as 275: If a third transformer is added for delta operation what is the rated
category of the bank?
SOLUTION:
S∆ −D = 3 (rating) = 3 (25) S∆ −D = 75 kVA
277. Same as 275: What percent increase in load does this represent?
SOLUTION:
75−43.3
Percent increase = × 100% = 73.21%
43.3
278. A T.T bank is used to transform 150 kVA from 2700 volts three-phase system to 220
volts two-phase system. Current in the primary windings of the main and teaser
transformers.
SOLUTION:
S 150,000
I1 = = = 36.36 A
√3 V 1 √3 (2200)
279. Same as 278: Currents in the secondary windings of the main and teaser transformers.
SOLUTION:
Each carry 75 kVA
S carried 7500
I2 = = = 341
√3 V 1 220
280. Same as 278: The kVA rating of each transformer.
SOLUTION:
kVA rating = 4.5 = 2200 (39.36) = 86.6 kVA
SOLUTION:
80 = I reading×( 100 )
5
I reading = 4 A
SOLUTION:
80 = I reading×( 100 )
5
I reading = 4 A
283. A 100:1 potential transformer is connected to a 150-V voltmeter to monitor the

transmission line voltage. If the voltmeter registers 138 V, what is the transmission line
voltage.
SOLUTION:
V actual = V reading × pT ratio
V actual = 138 × (100/1) = 13.8 kV
284. Calculate the speed of a 60 cycle, 14 pole motor if the slip is 5 %.
SOLUTION:
120 f 120(60)
Nr = (1 - s) = (1 – 0.05)
P 14
Nr = 488.57 rpm
285. A 4 pole single phase induction motor is rated 20 Hz 220 Hp, 60 Hz, 1750 rpm and
80%. What is the percent slip at rated load?
SOLUTION:
120T 120(60)
Ns = = = 1800 rpm
4 4
N s−N r 1800−1750
8= = ×100 %
Ns 1800
S = 2.78 %
SOLUTION:
fr = sf = 0.03 (60) fr = 1.8 Hz
287. A four-pole synchronous motor runs at 1645 rpm at a certain instant. What is the system
SOLUTION:
120 f PNs 4 (1645)

Ns = f= f= = 54.8 Hz
P 120 120
288. In a 3-phase synchronous converter, what is the ratio of the AC voltage to DC voltage?
SOLUTION:
180
sin
V ac = ( n ) V dc
√2
180 180
V ac sin V ac sin V ac
= n = 3 = 0.612
V dc V dc V dc
√2 √2
SOLUTION:
2 2
V base (69000)
I base = = = 95. 22 ohms
S base 50 ×106
290. At 34.5 kV substation the available fault current is 10 pu. What is the available fault
MVA if the base MVA is 50.
SOLUTION:
1 1
Zm (N) = = = 0.1 pu
If ( Pu) 10
MVA base 50
MVA f = = = 500 MVA
Zfn ( pu) 0.1
291. Calculate the total magnetic flux in a 60-cycle transformer in which the induced EMF
per turn of the winding is equal to 24.
SOLUTION:
E = 4.44 N f Øm
E 1 E 1
Øm = =( )( )=( ) (2)
4.44 Nf 4.44 f N 4.44 (60)
Øm = 7.5 Wb
292. The low yde of a certain welding transformer has 2 turns and delivers 300 A. If the hig
voltage side has 30 turns, how much current flows through it?
SOLUTION:
I1 N 1 N 2 I 2 2(30)
= I1 = =
I2 N 2 1 30
I 1 = 20 A
293. What is the speed of a 100 kW, 230 V, 3 ø 4 pole, 60 Hz alternator.
SOLUTION:
120 f 120(60)
N= =
P 4
N = 1800 rpm
294. The resistance of 120 meters of wire is 12 . What is its conductance?
SOLUTION:
1 1
G= = G = 0.0833 mho
R 12
295. A circuit has a resistance of 8 ohms. If a voltmeter connected across its terminals read
10 V. How much current is flowing through the circuit?
SOLUTION:
Using ohms law:
E 10
I= = = 1.25 A
R 8
296. A 200-V lamp has a hot resistance of 400 ohms, the power rating in watts of the lamp
________.
SOLUTION:
2 2
E 200
P= = = 100 W
R 400
297. An electric motor drives a mechanical load taking 18.8 A from a 230 V source.
Calculate the power input of the motor.
SOLUTION:
P = EI = 230 (18.8) P = 4324 W
298. A 10-hp motor runs at rated load for 5 hours. How many KWh is consumed?
SOLUTION:
0.746 kW
W = P + (10 Hp × ) (5) = 37.3 kWh
1 Hp
299. A heater draws 2A at 12 volts dc. How many joules does it consume in 15 minutes?
SOLUTION:
60 s
W = Pf = Eit = 12 (2) (15 min × ) = 21, 600
min
300. Ten kW is equal to how many calories per second.
SOLUTION:
1 1cal
P = 10,000 × = 2388.915 cal/J
s 4.186 J
301. A certain generator has an output power of 1012 ERGS per second. What is the output in
KW?
SOLUTION:
12 erdg 1T
P = 1 ×10 × 7 = 100,000 T/J or watts
J 1× 10 ergs
1 kW
P = 100,000 W × = 100 kW
100W
302. A solenoid has 250 turns. What is the magnetomotive force when the current is 0.12
A?
SOLUTION:
τ = 0.4  NI = 0.4  (250) (0.12) = 37.7 gilberts
303. How many magnetic lines of force will pass a 5 sq-cm perpendicular area on a
magnetic field having a plus density of 2000 gauss?
SOLUTION:
Q = β A = (2000) (5) = 10,000 maxwells
304. If a current of 5 A flows through a long wire of radius 0.004 meter. What is the
magnetic field intensity produced 0.02 meter away from the surface of the wire.
SOLUTION:
I 5
2r 2(0.02)
305. A certain laminated steel core has a permeability of 3000. The length is 5 cm and
cross section is 2 sq. cm. what is its reluctance?
SOLUTION:
5
R= = 8.33 ×10−4 (cqs units)
3000 (1 )(2)
306. A magnetic coil is made up 500 turns wound around a magnetic circuit of
−2
1.5 ×10 reluctance. A current of 0.25 ampere flows through the coil. What is the flow
through the magnetic circuit?
SOLUTION:
¿ 0.4 ( 500 ) (0 ,25)
Ø = 4∋R ¿ = −2
1.5 ×10
Ø = 10411.975 maxwells
307. A solenoid has a magnetic reluctance of 2.2 ×10 passed to (-3). It has 300 turns
and a core area of 5 sq.cm. what is the flux density when the current flowing if one (1)
ampere?
SOLUTION:
¿ 0.4 ( 300 ) (1)
Ø = 4∋R ¿ = = 171,359.5983 maxwells
2.2 ×10−3
Ø 171,359.5983
Β= = = 34,271.92 gauss
A 5
308. A coil of 500 turns is linked a flux of 80,000 maxwells. If the flux is reduced to
zero in 0.001 second, what us the average voltage induced?
SOLUTION:
d∅ ( ∅ −∅ ) 10−80,000
e=N =N 2 1 e = 500 ( ¿ ×10−8
dt dt 0.01
e = 40 V
309. The flux density emanating from a pole of generator is 20,000-gauss. A

conductor one meter long cuts the flux perpendicularly at a speed of 40 m per second.
What voltage is developed?
SOLUTION:
L = 1 m = 100 cm V = 40 m/s = 4000 cm/s
e = β cv ×10−8 = (20,000) (100) (4000) ×10−8

e = 80 volts
310. A straight copper conductor 20 cm ling moves across a magnetic field of 10,000
gauss at an angle of 60 degree and at the velocity if 120 cm/sec. What is the generated
voltage?
SOLUTION:
e = βcy sinθ ×10−8
e = (10,000) (20) (120) (sin60) ×10−8
e = 0.2078 volt
The current is cut-off and the flux collapses in 0.01 sec. What is the average voltage that
will appear across the coil?
SOLUTION:
Q 100,000
e = N ( ) ×10−8 e = 2000 ( ) ×10−8
f 0.01
e = 200 V
312. How much is the inductance of a coil that induces 300 V when the current
changes at the rate of 10 mA in 1 s?
SOLUTION:
di df 300(1 ×10−6 )
e=L L=e = = 0.03 H
df di 10 ×10−3
313. A solenoid has 900 turns. A current of 5 A in the winding will produce a flux of
2,000,000 maxwells. Determine the inductance of the solenoid?
SOLUTION:
NØ
L= = ¿) ×10−8 L = 3.6 H
I
314. An air core solenoid has a length of 25 cm and a cross sectional area of 5 cm2. If
it is wound with 3000 turns of wire, determine the self-inductance of the solenoid.
SOLUTION:
K = 5 cm 2 ×¿ = 0.0005 m2; = 0.25 m
2 −7 2
❑ ❑ AN ( 4 ×10 )(4)(0.0005)(30000)
L= o r =
R 0.25
L = 0.234
315. Determine the inductance of a 50 cm long copper coaxial cable whose inner
diameter is 0.5 cm and whose outer diameter is 1.2 cm.
SOLUTION:
P
d
1.2
L = 2 ×10−7ln ( ) (0.5) = 87.55 ×10−9 H
0.5
316. What is the coefficient of coupling of two coils whose mutual inductance is 1 H
and whose self-inductance are 1.2 and 2 H?
SOLUTION:
M 1
M = k √ L1 L 2 k = = = 0.645
√ L1 L2 √( 1.2 ) ( 2)
317. A 1000 kVA transformer with 5% reactance will have a reactance of __________
at 200 KVA base.
SOLUTION:
1000 0.05
= I x 2 = 10%
2000 I x2
318. Three 25 kVA transformer are connected A-A. to what kVA should the cord be
reduced if one of the transformers is removed so that the bank operates V-V?
SOLUTION:
∫ v−v = √ 3 (25) ∫ v−v = 43.3 kVA
319. 1 11500/2300V transformer is rated 100 kVA as a two-winding transformer. If the
two windings are connected in series to an autotransformer, what will be the maximum
kVA rating?
SOLUTION:
1
Smax = 100, 000 (1 × 2300 ¿
11500
Smax = 600 kVA
320. A 10 kVA (phase transformer has 200 turns in the ter and 20 w the secondary. The
is connected to a 1500 V supply. Solve the secondary voltage of open circuit.
SOLUTION:
E1 N 1 1500 200
= ; = E2 = 150 V
E2 N 2 E2 20
321. The FL copper and iron loss of a transformer are 6400 W and 500 W respectively.
The above copper loss and loss at half load will be _________.
SOLUTION:
Pco ½ = 0.52 (6400) = 1600 W
Pco = 5000 W
322. A 75 kVA transformer has iron losses of 500 W and full load copper losses 1200
W. find the efficiency at half load at 0.80 lagging.
SOLUTION:
75000 ( 0.8 ) (0.5)
η= 2 η = 97.4%
75000 ( 0.8 ) ( 0.5 ) +0.5 (1200)
323. A 2200/200V transformer draws a no load primary current of 0.6 A and absorbs
400 W. determine the magnetizing current.
SOLUTION:
400
IL = = 0.182 A
2200
I = √ 0.62−0.1822
I = 0.572 A
324. What should be the required turns ratio of a 3-phase transformer to transform 10
MVA from 230 kV to 4160 V if the transformer is to be connected wye delta.
SOLUTION:
230,000
q = √ 3 = 31.92
4160
325. A 2200/200V transformer draws a no load primary current of 0.6 A and absorbs
400 W. Determine the iron was current.
SOLUTION:
400
I= = 0.182 A
2200
326. A 1-phase 50 c/s transformer is required to have a 100-load voltage rated of
33000/440V. the total maximum flux in the core is to be about 50 mWb. Find the number
of turns in the secondary.
SOLUTION:
440 = 4.44 (50) (5000) Ns
Ns = 40 turns
327. The hysteresis loss in a 6600, 60 Hz transformer is 480 W. what will be the loss
when the transformer is connected to a 6400 V, 60 Hz source?
SOLUTION:
Ph 2 E2 1.6 F 1 0.6
=( ¿ ( ¿
Ph 2 E1 F2
6400 1.6 60 0.6
Ph2 = 480 ( ¿ ( ¿
6600 60
Ph2 = 515.382 W
328. The core of a 50 Hz 1-phase transformer has a cross section of 20 cm square.
Find the EMF per turn if the maximum core density is not to exceed 1.3 T.
SOLUTION:
1 2
= 4.44 (50) (1.3) (20 × ¿
100
= 11.54
329. A 1:2 transformer has secondary winding resistance of ½ ohm. What is the total
resistance in ohms referred to the primary?
SOLUTION:
1 2 1
Rp = 0.5 ( ¿ = 
2 8
330. A transformer has a percentage resistance of 1% and percentage reactance of 4%.
Its regulation at a DF of 0.80 lagging is ________.
SOLUTION:
% VR = √ ¿ ¿
% VR = 3.23%
331. A 100 kVA, 13.0 kV/240V single-phase transformer has full load copper loss of 2
kW. Determine the resistance referred to the secondary.
SOLUTION:
100,000 100,000
I1 = = 7.246 A I2 = = 416.66 A
13800 240
2000
Ro2 = 2 = 0.0115 
416.66 7
332. What should be the required turns ratio of a 3 ∅ transformer to transform 10 MVA
from 230 kV to 4160 V if the transformer is to be connected ∆ . Y .The output current
corresponding to maximum efficiency for a transformer having a core loss of 100 W and
equivalent resistance referred to secondary of 0.25 ohm is __________.
SOLUTION:
230,000
q= = 55.29
4160
333. The output current corresponding to maximum efficiency for a transformer having
a core loss of 100 W and equivalent resistance referred to secondary of 0.25 ohm
is_____.
SOLUTION:
Po = I2 Ro2 100 = I2 (0.25)
I = 400 A
334. The per unit impedance of a circuit element is 0.15. If the base kV and MVA are
halved, this new value of the per unit impedance of the circuit elements will be
_____________.
SOLUTION:
0.5 1 2
Zpu¿ ( ) (0.15)
1 0.5
Zpu¿ 0.3 pu
335. A transformer has a turn ratio 5. If a 100  resistor is connected across the
secondary, what us its resistance referred to the primary?
SOLUTION:
Rp = 52 (100) Rp = 2500 
336. A transformer has a percentage resistance of 1% and percentage reactance of 4%.
Its regulation at a DF of 0.80 leading is ______.
SOLUTION:
% VR = √ ¿ ¿
% VR = -1.53%
337. Three 1110/110V transformers connected ∆ . ∆supplying a lighting load of 100
kV. What current in the secondary will flow in each transformer?
SOLUTION:
1110
a= = 10 100,000 = √ 3 (110) (I2) (1)
110
I2 = 525 A
338. Three 37.5 kVA, 1-phase transformer are connected in delta to supply 85 kVA
load at 85% lagging if one transformer is taken out for repair, what is the kVA overload
of the remaining units?
SOLUTION:
Sr = S3 (37.5) = 65 kVA
So = 85 kVA – 65 kVA So = 20 kVA
339. A 4 kVA, 400/200 V, i-phase transformer has a resistance of 0.02 pu and reactance
of 0.06 pu. What are its resistance and reactance referred to high voltage side?
SOLUTION:
Ro1 = 0.02 ¿ ¿ = 0.8  Xo1 = 0.06 ¿ ¿ = 2.4 
340. A 25 Hz 120V/130V, 500 VA transformer is to be used qu a 60 HZ source. If the
core flux density is to remain unchanged. Determine the maximum permissible primary
voltage.
SOLUTION:
E2 f 1 E2 25
= = E2 = 50 Volts
E1 f 2 120 60
341. What is the per unit impedance of a 50 MVA, 1V impedance transformer if the
change to 100 MVA?
SOLUTION:
50
Zpu = 0.02 ( ¿
100
Zpu = 0.01 pu or 1%
342. Two 1 phase transformers are connected in open delta. The rating of each is 15
kVA, 2400/240 V, what 3 phase load in kW can the open delta v=bank carry without
overlapping the transformer? The load pt is 0.707.
SOLUTION:
Pv-v = 15000 (0.707) Pv-v = 10,605 W
Pv-v = 2 (10,605) Pv-v = 21,210 W
343. A 2 kVA transformer has an iron loss of 150 W and full load copper loss of 250
W. the maximum efficiency of the transformer would occur when the total loss
is_______.
SOLUTION:
Pco = Pcu = 150 W
344. Two 1 phase transformers are connected open delta and delivers a balanced 3
phase load of 69.28 kW at a pt 0.8. calculate the minimum kVA rating of each
transformer.
SOLUTION:
69.28 kW
S2 = = 86,600 VA
0.8
86,600
S2 = = 43.3 kVA
2
345. A 60 Hz, 2220/220 V transformer is designed to operate at a maximum flux
density of it and an induced EMF of 15 V per turn. What is the cross-sectional area (in
2
m ¿ of the core?
SOLUTION:
2
2100 c m 2
15 = 4.44 (600 (1) (A) A = 0.0563 m ( 2 )
1m
A = 563 cm2
346. The eddy current loss in a 2300s, 60 HZ transformer is 280 W. what will be the
eddy current loss if the transformer is connected to a 2200 V 50 Hz source?
SOLUTION:
280 = k (2700)2 kc = 5.293 × 10-5
Pc2 = 5.293 × 10-5 (2200)2 Pc2 = 256.18 W
347. The eddy current loss of a given slip core is 80 W at 50 Hz. What would be the
loss at 60 Hz if the core flux density remained the same at the two frequencies?
SOLUTION:
Pc1 = kcf12 kc = 0.032
80 = kc (90)2 Pc2 = 0.032 (60)2
Pc2 = 115.2 W
348. The secondary winding of a 60 Hz transformer has 50 turns. If the induced
voltage of this winding is 220 V, determine the value of the core flux.
SOLUTION:
220 = 4.44 (60) Ø (50) Ø = 14.5 mWb
349. A 6600/100 V step down transformer 3300 turns in primary. Calculate the
secondary turns.
SOLUTION:
3300 6600
= Ns = 50 turns
Ns 100
350. A transformer has a turns ratio of 5. If a 100  resistor is connected across the
secondary, what is its resistance referred to the secondary.
SOLUTION:
Rp = 100 (5)2 = 2500 
351. What is the per unit impedance of a 50 MVA 13.8 kV, 1% impedance transformer.
If the base is change to 100 MVA, 6.9 kV?
SOLUTION:
100 13800 2
Zpu 1 = 0.01 ( )( )
50 6400
Zpu = 0.08 or 8%
352. A 40 kVA, 1-phase transformer has an iron loss of 300 W and full load copper
loss of 600 W, find the load at which maximum efficiency occurs.
SOLUTION:
q=
√ 300
600
Sr = 0.707 (40,000)
q = 0.707 Sr = 28.28 kVA

353. Calculate in terms of the primary the equivalent reactance of a transformer which
gave the flowing shire circuit results: I = 60, I = 100 A, P = 1.2 Hw
SOLUTION:
1200 60
RoH = 2 = 0.12  ZoH = = 0.6 
10 0 100
XoH = √ ¿ ¿ XoH = 0.59 
354. At a substation, the pt ratio is 1000 the CT ratio is 1200/5. The potential going
into the is 115 V. what is the MW isolated when the watt meter reads 800 W?
SOLUTION:
1200
P = 800 ( ) (1000) P = 192 MW
5
355. How many turns must the primary windings of a 220/110 V, 60 Hz ideal
transformer have if the core flux is not allowed to exceed 500 turns?
SOLUTION:
220 = 4.44 (60) (5 × 10-3) N N = 166 turns
356. The no load current of transformer is 4 A at 0.25 pf when supplied at 250 V, 60
Hz. Determine the core loss.
SOLUTION:
Pcore loss = Poc
Poc = Eoc Ioc Pf = 250 (4) (0.25)
Pcore loss = 250 W
357. Same as 356: determine the resistance representing core loss.
SOLUTION:
2 2
E 250
Rm = oc = Rm = 250
P oc 250
358. Same as 356: determine the magnetizing reactance.
SOLUTION:
Soc = Eoc Ioc = 250 (4) = 100 VA Qoc = √ S oc 2−Poc2 = √ 10002−2502
2 2
Eoc 250
Qoc = 958.24 VAR Xm = = Xm = 64.55 ohms
Q oc 958.24
359. The percentage overloading of the two 20 kVA transformers when supplying a
balanced 3-phase load of 40 kVA in a 4-4 bank should be.
SOLUTION:
40
= 57.735%
√3 (40)
360. The percentage regulation of 4800/240 V distribution transformer is 3.33%. The
voltage to which the secondary voltage will rise when full load is removed will be.
SOLUTION:
V NL−V FL V NL−240
% Vr = × 100 3.33 = × 100
V FL 240
V NL = 248 Volts
361. A 2200/200 V, 50 c/s 1-phase transformer takes 0.6A at 0.3 pf. Calculate the
wattful component of the current.
SOLUTION:
36
P = 200 (0.6) (0.3) P = 36 W I= = 0.18 A
200
362. An autotransformer designed for 4 kV to 2.3 kV operation supplies a load of 32
kW at a pf of 0.80. Calculate the transformed power.
SOLUTION:
1
1−
Pturns = 32 ( 4000 )
( )
2300
Pturns = 13.6 kW
363. As compared to a ∆−∆bank, the capacity of the V – V bank _______ of the ∆−∆
bank.
SOLUTION:
v – v = √ 3 ∆−∆ = 1.732 × 100 = 173.2 %
364. A 500 kVA 11/2.3 kV, 60 Hz transformer has been tested and gives the following
open circuit test data: 263 kW 2.3 A, 4 kW. Determine the resistance representing core
loss.
SOLUTION:
2
2300
Rc = = 1322.5 
4000
365. A 100 V/10V, 50 VA transformer is connected as 100 V/110 V autotransformer.
What will be the rating of an autotransformer.
SOLUTION:
50
Sc = Vs Is Is = Is =5 A Sc = 110 (5) = 550 VA
40
366. The per unit impedance of an alternator corresponding to base values of 12.8 kV
and 25 MVA is 0.20 Pu. The Pu impedance for base values of 13.2 kV and 50 MVA will
be______.
SOLUTION:
50 2800 2
Zpu2 = 0.2 ( )( ) Zpu2 = 0.376 pu
25 13200
367. The losses on a 20 kVA, 2 kV/250 V transformer are as follows: iron losses 300
W: full load copper losses 320 W. Calculate the efficiency at ½ load at unity of.
SOLUTION:
0.5 ( 2000 ) (1)
η 1/2 = × 100
0.5 ( 2000 ) (1 )+320 ( 0.25 )+ 300
η 1/2 = 96.339 %
368. The hysteresis loss in a 6.6 kV, 60 Hz transformer is 480 W. What will be the loss
when transformer is connected 6.9 kV 40 Hz source?
SOLUTION:
Ph2 6900 1.6 60 0.6
= ( ¿ ( ¿
480 6600 40
Ph2= 657.33 W
369. A 50 kVA i-phase transformer has a full load copper loss of 560 W and an iron
loss of 500 W. Calculate the efficiency at quarter load for a pf of 0.80 lagging.
SOLUTION:
Pw1/2 = 0.252 (560) = 3500
0.25 ( 500000 )(0.8)
h1/4 = × 100 h1/4 = 94.92 %
0.25 ( 500000 ) ( 0.8 ) +500+35
370. If P1 and P2 be the iron and copper losses of a transformer 90 A full load, find the
ratio of P1 and P2 such that the maximum efficiency occurs at 75% full load.
SOLUTION:
P1 3
a= : 0.75 =
P2 4
371. A 125 kVA two winding transformer has an iron loss of 1 kW and a copper loss
on normal output current of 1.5 kW. Calculate the kVA loading at which the efficiency is
maximum.
SOLUTION:
hmax =
√ 600
1500
( 125000 ) (1)
× 100 = 18. 078 %
√ 1000
1500
( 125000 )( 1 ) +2(1000)
S1 =
√ 1000
1500
( 25000 ) S1 = 102.065 kVA
S1 = 102 kVA
372. A 2400 V, 100 kVA transformer has an equivalent impedance of 0.708 + j 0.92 .
Determine the per unit equivalent impedance based on the transformer rating.
SOLUTION:
100000(0.708+ j0.92)
Zpu =
24002
Zpu = 0.0123 + j 0.016 
373. A 50 Hp, 440 V, 3P: induction motor with an efficiency of 0.90 and pf of 0.85 on
full load is supplied from 6600/440 V, delta star connected transformer. Calculate the
current in the low voltage phases.
SOLUTION:
50(746)
0.90 = P1 = 41.444.44 W
P1
P1 = V3 Vc I2 Pf 41.444.44 = √ 3 (440) I2 (0.85)
I2 = 63.978 A  64 A
374. The Pu impedance of a transformer is 0.242. if the base voltage is increased by
1.1 times, the Pu value will be _______.
SOLUTION:
Zpu = 1.1 (0.242)
Zpu = 0.2662 p. u
375. Determine the maximum kVA rating of a balanced 3-phase load that can be
supplied by two 1 phase transformer rated 167 kVA and connected open delta?
SOLUTION:
Sv – v = √ 3 Sc = √ 3 (167)
Sv – v = 289.25 kVA
376. The percentage resistance and reactance of transformer are 2% and 4%
respectively. Find the approximate regulation on full load at 0.8 of leading.
SOLUTION:
% VR = √ ¿ ¿
% VR = -0.702 %
377. A Pt and Ct are used in conjunction with a wattmeter. The Pt ratio is 1000:1 and
the Ct ratio is 1200:4. If the actual power is 270 MW, what will be the expected reading
of the wattmeter?
SOLUTION:
1200
270 mw = WLEADING (1000) ( )
4
WLEADING = 900 W
378. A 50 kVA 6600/220 V step down transformer has primary resistance 10  and
secondary resistance 0.01 . Find the total resistance referred to secondary windings.
SOLUTION:
4600 10
a= = 30 Ro2 = 0.01 2
220 30
Ro2 = 0.021 
379. A 20,000 kVA transformer with 10% reactance will have reactance of _______ at
10,000 kVA.
SOLUTION:
10,000
Zpu = (0.10) Zpu = 5 %
20,000
380. A 1600 kVA, 200 Hz transformer is operated at 50 Hz. Its new kVA rating should
be_____.
SOLUTION:
50
Sc2 = 1600 ( )
200
Sc2 = 400 kVA
381. A 500 kVA, 22 kV, 3-phase transformer has a per unit reactance of 0.12 rated on
its rating. What is the pu reactance at 750 kVA, 25 kV base?
SOLUTION:
750 22 2
Zpu = 0.12 ( ¿( ) Zpu = 0.139 p. u
500 25
382. A 20,000 kVA transformer with 10% reactance will have a reactance of _____ at
10,000 kVA.
SOLUTION:
10,000
Zpu = (0.10) Zpu = 5 %
20,000
383. The core of a 100 kVA, 11kV,550 V, 1-phase, 50 Hz are type transformer has a
cross-section of 20 cm × 20 cm. find the EMF per turn if the maximum core density is
not exceeding 1.3 T. Assume a starting factor of 0.9.
SOLUTION:
400
E = 4.44 (50) (1.3) ( 2 ) (0.9)
100
E = 10.4 Volts
384. On a circuit test of a transformer, the readings are I = 10 A, τ = 126 V, P = 400 W.
Determine the equivalent reactance referred to the primary.
SOLUTION:
400 126
RoH = 2 = 4  ZoH = = 12.6 
10 10
XoH = √ (12.6)2−(4 )2 XoH = 11.95 
385. A 2400/2200 V transformer delivers a load of 90.5 kW at a pf of 0.75. Calculate
the current in the common winding.
SOLUTION:
90,500 90,500
I1 = = 50.28 A I2 = = 54.85 A
2400(0.75) 2200(0.75)
Sc = I2 – I1 = 54.85 – 50.28 = 4.57 A
386. A 100 V source with an internal resistance of 80  is connected to a 200/100 turns
step down ideal transformer. An impedance of (6 + j 8)  is connected to the secondary.
Find the primary current drawn from the supply.
SOLUTION:
Zo1 = 8 + 22 (6 + j8) = 32 + j32 
100
Zo1 = 45.255  Ip = = 2.21 A
45.255
387. A 10 kVA transformer has a full load loss to 70 W in the iron and 140 W in the
corder. Calculate the efficiency at half load unity of.
SOLUTION:
0.5 (10,000)
Pcu1/2 = 0.25 (140) = 35 W h1/2 = × 100
0.5 ( 10,000 ) +70+35
h1/2 = 97.94 %
388. During the SC test of a 25 kVA, 480/120 V transformer 12.85 V causes the rated
current in the primary winding. Solve the percent impedance.
SOLUTION:
12.85
2500(0.343)
Z = 25000 = 0.343  % Iz =
480 4802
% Iz = 3.7 %
389. A single phase 6600/250 V 50 c/s transformer has 50 turns with its voltage side.
Calculate the maximum value of the flux in the core.
SOLUTION:
250 = 4.44 (50) Øm (50)
Øm = 0.0255 Wb
390. A 60 Hz transformer having a 300 turns primary takes 60 W of power and 0.80 A
of current at an input of 110 V. The resistance of the winding is 0.02 . Calculate the
core lose equivalent resistance.
SOLUTION:
110
60 6
I= = A R = 6 = 210.7 
110 11
11
391. The PTs of a transmission line has a ratio 132,000/64. These are connected wye-
delta. If the voltmeter reads 64 V. what is the actual voltage of the line?
SOLUTION:
132000
Vactual = √ 3 (64) ( ) = 227.7
66
392. If the secondary of a 1:10 step is connected to the primary of a 1:5 step of
transformer, the total transformation ratio will be.
SOLUTION:
1 1
Qt = ( ¿ ( ) = 1:50
10 5
393. An open delta delivers a balanced 3 Ø load of 60 kVA at 460 V. what kVA load
does each transformer carry?
SOLUTION:
60
f2 = = 34.641 kVA
√3
394. A transformer has maximum efficiency at FL when iron losses are 500 W. the
copper losses at load will be.
SOLUTION:
Pco = Pcu = 800 W
Pcu = (0.5)2 (800)
Pcu = 200 W
395. A 1 phase transformer having ratio of 10 has a primary winding reactance of 3 
and a secondary winding reactance of 0.02 . Determine the equivalent reactance
referred to low side.
SOLUTION:
3
Xo2 = 0.02 + 2 Xo2 = 0.05 
10
396. The transformer connected delta in primary side and wye on secondary side, step
the voltage down from 13.3 kV to 460 V. Determine ratio of transformation of each
transformer.
SOLUTION:
13300
a= = 28.9
460
397. A transformer has a turn ratio of 5. If a 100 A resistor is connected across the
primary, what is its resistance referred to the secondary?
SOLUTION:
Z2 = Z1 a 2 Z2 = (100) (5)2 Z2 = 2500 
398. The voltage applied to the NY side of a transformer turns short circuit testis 2% of
its rated volte. The core loss will ______ percent of rated core loss.
SOLUTION:
a2 = 0.022 a = 0.04 %
399. A 25 kVA, 2400/240, 1 phase transformer has a rated core loss of 275 W and full
load copper loss of 440 W. determine its secondary current at maximum efficiency.
SOLUTION:
Pco = (x)2 Psum 225 = (x)2 440 = 0.7906
0.7906(25000)
I2 =
240
I2 = 82. 35 A
400. A 6600/400V transformer takes 1.5 A at a Pf of 0.5 on open circuit. Determine the
100 W loss component current. Determine the iron loss component current.
SOLUTION:
400 ( 1.5 ) (0.5)
I= I = 0.75 A
400
401. A 480/120 V. 5 kVA two winding transformer is to be used an autotransformer to
supply power at 480 V from 600 V source. The kVA capacity as autotransformer will
be_______.
SOLUTION:
125
S = V L IL Sacto = 600 ( )
3
5000 = 120 IL Sacto = 25 kVA
125
IL = A
3
402. The primary of a transformer has 1000 turns and is rated a 220 V, 60 Hz. If the
core cross section is 10 cm2, what is the operating flux density.
SOLUTION:
1
220 = 4.44 (50) β (10 × 2 ) (1000)
100
β = 0.826 T
403. The 10:1 1 phase, step down transformers are connected in Y/∆ for a primary line
to line voltage of 3980 V, find the corresponding line voltage on the secondary side.
SOLUTION:
10
3980( )
E= 1 E = 22,978.54 Volts
√3
404. A 100  has a lf of 0.80. a 1 kW generator supplies power to a load through
transformer. Best matching will be produced when transformers turn ratio is
approximately_______.
SOLUTION:
1000 10
a2 = = = 10:1
100 1
405. An ideal 220/110 V transformer carries 6 + j8  load at 110 V. under this
condition, calculate the impedance referred to the 220 V side.
SOLUTION:
Z 1 220
= =2 Z1 = Za2
Z 2 110
Z1 = (6 + i8) (2)2
Z1 = 40 < 53.13 
406. A 2200/200 V transformer has a primary of 2.4  and secondary resistance of
0.02 . What is the equivalent resistance of the transformer referred to primary?
SOLUTION:
Ro1 = 2.4 + 112 (0.02)
Ro1 = 4.82 
407. Three 10:1 singe-phase transformer is connected wye-delta, determine the
secondary line to line voltage if the primary connected across 4600 V mains.
SOLUTION:
4600 1
Es = ( ) Es = 265.58 Volts
√ 3 10
408. A 50 kVA transformer has primary voltage of 6600 V and a secondary voltage of
250 V. It has 52 V and a secondary voltage of 250 V. It has 52 secondary turns. Find the
number of primary turns.
SOLUTION:
6600
Np = 52 ( ¿ Np = 1372.8  1373
250
409. What should be the required turns ratio of a 3-phase transformer to transform 10
MVA from a 230 kVA to 4160 V. If the transformer is to be connected delta-wye.
SOLUTION:
E1 √3 (230000)
q= = 55.29
E2 √3(4160)
410. A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA, 3-phase transformer has 5% impedance. What is the
impedance in ohms referred to the primary?
SOLUTION:
Z1 = ¿ ¿
Z1 = 0.952 
411.The power transmitted by a shaft of an Oc motor in 20 Hp. If the torque is 222 N-m.
what is the speed?
SOLUTION:
2 NT 2 N ( 222)
P= 20 = N = 641.78  642 rpm
44760 44760
412. In a 12 pole-complex lap wound or armature, each conductor can carry a current
of 100 A. the rated current of this armature is __________.
SOLUTION:
I = 100 (3) (12) = 3600 A
413. A shunt motor runs at 1500 rpm on no load and required at 1200 rpm on full load.
Find the speed regulation in percentage.
SOLUTION:
V NL−V FL
VR % = (100)
V FL
1500−1200
VR % = (100) = 25 %
1200
414. A 10 Hp shunt motor is connected with 250 V supply. Its efficiency is 93%.
Calculate the moto current.
SOLUTION:
P out 10(746)
E= 0.90 = Iq = 32.086 Iq = 32 A
P¿ 205 (Iq)
415. The BND of a DC shunt motor is 10 and efficiency is 90%. Find the current if the
supply voltage is 250 V.
SOLUTION:
P out 10(746)
E= 0.90 = Iq = 33.16 A
P¿ 250 (Iq)
416. A 4-pole lap armature has 120 shots, four conductors per shot. The flux per pole is
50 mWb and it generates 240 V. Find the speed.
SOLUTION:
P NZ 4 ( 50 × 10−3 ) ( N ) (120 ×4 )
E= 240 =
60 a 60(4)
N = 600 rpm
417. A triplex lap wound armature is used in a 14-pole machine. Calculate the number
of turns in the armature.
SOLUTION:
= 14 (3) = 42
418. How many parallel paths are there in the windings of an armature wound duplex
lap for four poles.
SOLUTION:
a = mp = 2 (4) = 8
419. A series generator delivers a current of 90 A at 240 V. its armature and series filed
resistance are 0.10  and 0.05  respectively. Find the generated voltage.
SOLUTION:
E = VL + Ia Ra
E = 290 + 90 (0.10 + 0.5)
E = 253.5 V
420. A DC shunt motor takes 30 A from 230 V mains. Its efficiency is 80%. Find out
its output in Hp.
SOLUTION:
P out P out /746
E= 0.8 = Pout = 7.4 Hp
P¿ 230(30)
421. A generator is being driven at 1200 rpm while generating an EMF of RTV.
Determine the generated EMF if the field flux is decreased by 10% with the speed
increased by 10%.
SOLUTION:
Eb1 N 1 125 1200 (1)
= =
Eb2 N 2 Eb2 1200 ( 0.1 ) (1−0.1)
Eb2 = 101.25 V
422. A six pole, simplex wave wound armature has 250 conductors and is run at 450
rpm. If the per pole is 40 mWb. Find the EMF generated.
SOLUTION:
P NZ 6 ( 40 ×1 0−3 ) ( 480 ) (250)
E= = = 240 V
60 a 60 (2)
423. A series motor takes 45 A at 210 V and runs at 350 rpm. The Hp output is 10, the
series field resistor 0.2 , armature resistance 0.3 . Determine the iron and friction
losses.
SOLUTION:
Pin = Qout + Ploss + Pstray
20 (45) = 746 (10) + (45)2 (0.2 + 0.3) + Pstray
Pstray = 978 W
424. The DC shunt generator delivers 125 A load current at 250 V. estimate the EMF
induced if the armature resistance is 0.05  and shunt field resistance is 50 .
SOLUTION:
250
E = V L + Rc E a = 250 + (125 + ) (0.05)
50
E = 256.5 V
425. If the power transmitted by the shaft of a ØC shunt motor is 50 Hp while the
speed being 480 rpm. What is the torque.
SOLUTION:
2 NT 2(480)T
P= 50 = = 742 N-m
44760 44760
426. The number of parallel paths in triplex lap wound, 12 pole DC generator is
_________.
SOLUTION:
= 3 (12) = 36
427. A certain load to be driven a 1250 rpm requires a torque of 60 lb-ft. what
horsepower will be required to drive the load?
SOLUTION:
2 NT 2(1250)(60)
PHp = = = 20 Hp
60 60
428. An armature core requires 360 conductors on it. With 3 turns per coil, how many
coils are there.
SOLUTION:
1 coil
u= × 360 conductors = 60 coils
6 conductors
429. Solve the pole pitch in a 4-pole lap wound, 32-core DC generator. Assume two
conductors per coil.
SOLUTION:
2 conductors
×32 coils conductors
Pole pitch = coil = 16
pole
4 poles
430. How many parallel paths are there in the winding of an armature wound six pole
triplex winding?
SOLUTION:
a = 2m: for triplex = 3
a = 2 (3) = 6 paths
431. The armature of a 6-pole generator carries a tube of 300 A. what current flows in
each path if the winding is simplex lap.
SOLUTION:
I 300
= = 50 A
mp 1× 6
432. In a six pole DC generator, 45 mechanical degrees corresponds to _______.
Electrical degrees.
SOLUTION:
180 elev
45  mech × = 135  elev
¿¿
433. Three 90 mH inductors are connected in parallel. Find the total inductance.
SOLUTION:
1
LT = 1 1 1 = 30 mH
+ +
90 90 90
434. Two equally charged spheres repel each other with a force of 0.1 kg. If their
centers are 20 cm apart, find the change of each.
SOLUTION:
F = (0.1 kg) (9.81) = 0.981 N
0.981 = 9 ×10 9 ¿ ¿ ; Q = 2.09 ×10−6 coul
435. A certain copper wire has a resistance of 0.5 ohms when the length is 10 cm. what
is the diameter in mils?
SOLUTION:
PL ( 10.37 ) (32.8)
R= 0.5 =
A A
3.28 ft
L = 10 m ( ) = 32.8 ft A = 680.27 cm: d = √ 680.27
1m
P = 10.37  - cm/ft = 26 mils
436. What capacitance must be placed in series with an inductance of 0.05 H so that a
100 Hz. The impedance becomes equal to the ohmic resistance?
SOLUTION:
1 1
f= c=
2 π √ Lc 4 π ( 100 )2 (0.05)
2
c = 50.7 F
437. A 240 V to 120 V, 50 Hz step down transformer is to be operated at 60 Hz. What
is the highest safe input voltage?
SOLUTION:
240(60)
V2 = = 288 V
50
438. In an electric system the available short circuit MVA is 600 MVA. What is the
equivalent reactance at 34.5 kV.
SOLUTION:
x = ¿ ¿ = 1.98 ohms
439. A capacitor of 100 F is connected in series with a resistance of 1000 ohms to be
time constant of the circuit is.
SOLUTION:
T = (1000) (100 ×10−6 ¿ = 0.1 s
440. Two parallel long conductors will carry 100 A. If the conductors separated by 200
, the force per meter length of each conductor will be ______.
SOLUTION:
0.2
F = IL βsin θ F = (2 ×10−7) (400)2 (100) = = 0.1 N
2
441. Find the average power on a resistance k = 10 ohms. If the current in the Fourier
series form is i= 12sinwt +8sinwt +3sin5wt amperes.
SOLUTION:
Irms =
√ 1
2
((12)2 + (8)2 + (3)2) = 10.42 A
P = (10.42)2 (10) = 1085 W

442. To a series RCC circuit, a voltage of 10 V is applied if 6 of the coil resonant
frequency is 20, the voltage across the inductor will be_______.
SOLUTION:
VL
20 = ; V L = 200 V
10V
443. For a coil having a span of 2/3 of pole pitch. The coil span factor is.
SOLUTION:
Kp = sin (90) (2/3) = 0.866
444. The potential transformer of the line has a rate of 132,000/66. These are
connected wye-delta. The voltmeter reads 64 V. what is the average of the line?
SOLUTION:
13200
Vp = 64 ( ) = (128 kV) (√ 3) = 221.7 kV
66
445. What is the half power bandwidth of a parallel resonant circuit which has a
resonant frequency of 3.6 MHz and Q = 218?
SOLUTION:
6
3.6 ×10
Bw = = 16.54 KHz
218
446. TV channel 2 has a frequency of 60 MHz. What is the wave length?
SOLUTION:
8
c 3× 10
Wavelength (x) = = x=5m
v 60 ×10
8
447. A conductor radius of 0.1625 inch. What is the area in circular mils.
SOLUTION:
1000 mils
r = 0.1625 × = 162.5 mils
1∈¿ ¿
D = 162.5 mils × 2 = 325 mils
A = D2 = 3252
A = 105,625 cm
448. If there are eleven resistors of 33 k each in parallel, what is the total resistance?
SOLUTION:
1
RT =
( 331k )(11) = 3 k
449. A current is given by the expression i = 2.5 sinwt + 0.8sinwt + 0.5sin5wt. what is
the rms value of the current?
SOLUTION:
Irms = √ I 2 dc = √(2.5)2+(0.8)2 +(0.5)2 Irms = 1.89 A

2
450. A capacitor is charged to 250 coulombs for 5 sec. what is the current through the
capacitor.
SOLUTION:
Q = 250 C Q = IT
250
T = 5 sec I= I = 50 A
5
I =?
451. A 230 V, 3 Ø source supplies a balanced delta connected in parallel across a 240
V, 60 Hz AC supply. Find the total current in amperes.
SOLUTION:
( √ 3)V P ( √ 3 ) (230)
Ic = =
z 8− j6
Ic = 39.8
452. What is the fourth harmonic of 800 kHz?
SOLUTION:
Fq = Fh = 800 kHz (4) = 3.2 MHz
453. Suppose a cell of 1.5 V delivers 100 mA for 7 hours and 20 minutes, and then it is
replaced. How much energy is supplied during this time?
SOLUTION:
+ 20
W (energy) = Pf = (1.5 V) (100 ×10−3) (7 ) = 1.1 whr
60
454. An energy source supplies 500 J of energy of 100 V for a certain period of time.
Determine the quantity of charge through.
SOLUTION:
W 500 J
Q= = =5c
V 100V
455. A 220 V, 3 Ø supply has a balanced delta connected load with impedance of 15 +
j20 ohms/phase. What is the total power of the load in watts?
SOLUTION:
Z Ø = 15 + j 20 = 25 < 53.13
V2 220
P=3( ) cos Ø P=3( cos (53.13))
Z 25
P = 3484.8 W
456. A lead storage battery is rated at 12 volts. If the internal resistance is 0.01 ohm,
what is the maximum power that can be delivered the load?
SOLUTION:
R=¿ 0.01 
2 2
V (12)
P= =
4R 4 (0.01)
P = 3600 W
457. What should be the turns ratio of a three-phase transformer to transform 10,000
kVA from 230 kV to 4160 V if the transformer is to be connected A-Y?
SOLUTION:
V 1 230× 103 ( √ 3)
q= = q = 96
V2 4160
458. Four lamps are suspended 6 m above the ground at the corners of a lamp 4 m on
each side. If each lamp emits 250 cd. Calculate the illumination at the center of the lamp.
SOLUTION:
d2 = (2)2 + (2)2 + (6)2 = 44 d = 6.63
1 250 6
Ef = 4 each lamp =4( ) cos Ø = 4 ( )( )
PL 44 6.63
= 20.56 lux
459. A 500 MCM ACSR cable has 37 strands. Determine the diameter in mels of each
strand
SOLUTION:
AT = 500 MCM
N = 37 strands
500,000
Astrands = = 13513.51 cm
37
d = √ cm = √ 13513.51 = 116.26 mils
460. An 8-pole lap wound DC generator has 1000 armature conductors, flux of 20
mWb per pole and EMF generated is 400 V. what is the speed of the machine?
SOLUTION:
400 ( 60 ) (8)
N = E (60) a/ dzo N= −3 N = 1200 rpm
d (1000 ) (20 ×10 )
461. Two inductors 20 mH and 10 mH are connected in series carrying current of 1 A.
find the required energy.
SOLUTION:
1 2
L1 = 20 mH WL = I L
2
1
L2 = 10 mH WL = (1)2 (30 mH)
2
LT = 30 mH WL = 15 mj
462. Two conductors are connected in parallel. C1 = 12 F, C2 = 10 F and C3 = 40
F. what is the total capacitance?
SOLUTION:
C T = C 1+C 2 +C3 C T = 12 F +10 F + 40 F
C T = 62 F
463. For an AC motor, the frequency is 60 Hz and the speed is 300 rpm. What is the
number of poles.
SOLUTION:
PN 120 F ( 60 ) (120)
F= P= P= P = 24
120 N 300
464. A 240 V balanced 3 Ø source supplies a purely resistive impedance of 11.52 ohms
per phase. What is the total power drawn if it is Y-connected?
SOLUTION:
240
I = √3 P = √ 3 VIcosθ
11.52
I = 12.028 P = √ 3 ( 12.028 ) (240 ) cosθ
P = 5 kW
465. The value of form factor for a pure sine wave is ______.
SOLUTION:
V RMS 0.707
Form factor = = Form factor= 1.11
V AVE 0.636
466. Find the horse power rating of a motor running at 1500 rpm and developing a
torque of 105 lb-ft
SOLUTION:
2 πNT 2 π (1500)(105)
P= P= P = 30.925 Hp
3200 3200
467. A capacitor is charged with 10000 C. if the energy stored as 1 Joule. Find the
capacitance.
SOLUTION:
1 Q2 1 (10000 ×10−6)2
W= ( ) Ij = ( )
2 C 2 C
C = 50 F
468. A sine wave has a frequency of 60 Hz if armature frequency is.
SOLUTION:
f = 60 Hz
W = 2 π (60)
W = 120 π
469. A 7.5 MVA, 69/13.8 kV, 3 Ø transformer has 8% impedance. What us the per unit
impedance at 10 MVA base?
SOLUTION:
Zpu old
Zpunew = Zpuold ( )
S old
= 0.08 (10/7.5) = 106 pu
470. A 4-pole wave wound generator has 220 coils of 10 turns each. The resistance of
each turn is 0.02 . Find the resistance of armature winding.
SOLUTION:
( 220 coils ) (10turns × 0.02)
Rm =
4 poles
Rm = 11 
471. A 100 mH inductance is connected in series with a 40-ohm resistor. The voltage is
220 volts, what is the current? Assume w = 377.
SOLUTION:
X L = wL = 377 (100 ×10−3) = 37.7 
Z = √ (R)2 +( X C )2 = √ (40)2+(37.7)2 = 55 
E 220
I= = =4A
Z 55
472. A load of 20 + j35 ohms is connected across a 220 volts source. Determine the
vars.
SOLUTION:
E 220<0
I= = = 5.457 ¿ -60.225 A
z 20+ j 35
Q = E I sin θ = (220) (5.457) (sin 60.255)
Q = 1042.36 VARS
473. A 120 V, 3 Ø phase electric source delivers 200 MVA to a balanced load which
has a power factor of 90% lagging. What is the line current.
SOLUTION:
6
S 200 × 10
S = √ 3 VL IL cos θ IL = = = 679.23 A
√3 V L √3 (70,000)
474. A generator supplies 3 Ø power to a balanced load. The voltage is 230 volts, the
current is 18 A and the power factor is 85%. What is the power?
SOLUTION:
P = √ 3 VL IL cos θ = √ 3 (230) (18) (0.85) = 6095 Watts
475. The net energy requirements in a place are approximately 3 ×10 6 Gwh. What is
the equivalent of this energy in quad?
SOLUTION:
w = 3 ×1 06 Gwh = 3 ×1 012 kwh
7413 Btv 1 quad
w = 3 ×1 012 kwh × × 15 w = 10.24 quads
1 kwh 1× 10 Btv
476. A certain country is expected to double its energy consumption in 10 yrs. What is
the power growth rate.
SOLUTION:
P = Po e rt 2Po = Po e r (10) r = 6.39 %
477. A small wind generator is designed to generate 50 kW of power at a wind velocity
of 25 mph. What is the appropriate diameter?
SOLUTION:
P = 0.00246 D2 V2 50,000 = 0.00246 D2 (25)2
D = 36 ft.
478. A proposed tidal power station can have a tidal head of 5 m. what must be the area
of the tidal bay to generate an average of 600 MW of power?
SOLUTION:
P = 0.219 M2 A 600 = 0.219 (5)2 A
A = 140 km2
479. Where receptacles are connected to a 10-ampere branch circuit, what should be
the maximum allowable rating of a cord and plug connected load.
SOLUTION:
Rating = 80 % of OCPD = 0.8 (20) Rating = 16 A
480. Where receptacles are connected to a 30 A branch circuit, the maximum allowable
cord and plug connected load shall not be more than
SOLUTION:
481. What us the maximum rating of a fastened in plate appliance that can be
connected to a 20 A Ckt with two or more outlets. The branch circuit also supplies
lighting outlets.
SOLUTION:
Rating = 50 % of OCPD = 0.5 (20) = 10 A
482. How many outlets can be installed on a 20 A 220 V branch CCT supplying loads
in a show window?
SOLUTION:
Rating ×220 20 × 220
No. of outlets = = = 19.55 %
V A × 125 % 180× 125 %
483. What is the V rating of a 20 A, 220 V branch circuit cord at continuous duty to
supply a wall sign?
SOLUTION:
Rating = A ×V × 80 % = 20 (220) (0.8) = 3520 VA
484. What is the V rating of a 24 ft lighting back?
SOLUTION:
Track length 29
Rating = × 180 VA = (180)
2 2
Rating = 2160 VA
485. What is the branch circuit load for 4500 W dryer used in a dwelling unit.
SOLUTION:
Load = 5000 VA
486. What is the branch circuit load for an 8000 W dryer used 8 hours a day in a
commercial laundry facility?
SOLUTION:
Load = 8000 VA × 125 % = 10,000 VA
487. What is the minimum ampacity required for conductors used to supply power to a
220 V, single-phase air-conditioning unit with a name plate rating of 5250 VA?
SOLUTION:
VA 5250
I= × 125 % = × 1.25 I = 29.83 A
A 220
488. What is the minimum conductor ampacity required to supply power to a single-
phase motor drawn a full load current of QA?
SOLUTION:
Ampacity = 125 % of FLC = 1.25 ×10
Ampacity = 12.5 A
489. A 3 Ø motor draws 50 A of current a full load. What shall be the maximum
inverse time circuit a breaker that may be used for short circuit protection.
SOLUTION:
Size = 250 % of FLC = 2.5 (50) = 125 A
490. A single-phase AC has a FLC of 30 A. The rating of two fuses line protection is
______.
SOLUTION:
Size = 300 % of FLC = 3 (30) = 90 A
491. What size of time delay fuse shall be used to protect a single-phase motor drawing
a FLC of 28 A.
SOLUTION:
Size = 175 % of FLC = 1.75 (28) = 49 A
492. What size of disconnect is required to hold time delay fuses to start and run a 15
Hp, 20 V 3 Ø motor with FLC of 42 A.
SOLUTION:
Size = 175 % of FLC = 1.75 (42) = 73.5 A
493. A three-phase induction motor is rated 22A. What will be the trip setting of the
overload delay to be used if the motor has a factor 1.15 on its name plate?
SOLUTION:
Setting = 125 % of FLC = 1.25 (22)
Setting = 27.5 A
494. What is the maximum plug and cord rating of a 30 A branch Ckt?
SOLUTION:
495. Wave length is the distance travelled by an electronic wave during the time of one
cycle. Given a wave length of 12 meters, what is the frequency?
SOLUTION:
V
x = 12 m x=
f
8
3× 10
electronic wave = 3 ×10 8 m/sec f= f = 25 MHz
12
496. If a half wave rectifier is used 117 V rms AC the average DC output voltage is
about
SOLUTION:
Vm = √ 2 (117) = 165.46
Vm = 0.318 Vm
Vm = 0.318 (165.46) = 52.67 V
497. A consumer requires 2 ×10 6 kW Hr per year and its yearly load factor is 30
percent. What is the maximum demand?
SOLUTION:
6 6
2 ×10 2×10 kwhr
MD = =
LF(TSR) 0.3 ( 24 ×765 ) hr
= 761 kw
498. An amplifier has an output of 50 watts. What is its output in dBm.
SOLUTION:
10 log Po
dBm = −3
1 ×1 0
10 log 50
dBm = −3
1 ×1 0
dBm = 47 dBm
499. A two-pole alternator is running at 1500 rpm. What is the angular velocity?
SOLUTION:
rev 1 min 2rad rad
1550 × × = 157.1
min 60 sec 1 rev sec
500. A series RCC Ckt consists of 20  resistance, 0.2 H inductance and an unknown
capacitance if the circuit has leading angle of 45% at 60 Hz.
SOLUTION:
x
tan ∅ = 20 = X L + X C
R
1
X C = 2 FC – 20 =
2 FC
1 1
C= =
25 t(2 FC −20) 25(60)(2)(60)(0.2)−20
C = 47.9 F

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`UNITS AND ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES

1. Determine the magnitude of the voltage required to accelerate an electron to a kinetic

a. 50000 b. 5000 c. 500 d. 50

a. 5coulombs b. 6 coulombs c. 7 coulombs d. 8coulombs

NETWORK LAWS AND THEOREMS

Substitute EQ. 1 and EQ. 2 in EQ. 3

Substitute Eq. 1 to Eq. 2

Capacitor C 2 in microfarads is.

75. A 50 F capacitor is charged at 48 V. what is the amount of energy stored?

L = 1 m = 100 cm V = 40 m/s = 4000 cm/s

e = β cv ×10−8 = (20,000) (100) (4000) ×10−8

e = βcy sinθ ×10−8

e = (10,000) (20) (120) (sin60) ×10−8

K = 5 cm 2 ×¿ = 0.0005 m2; = 0.25 m

SINGLE PHASE AC CIRCUITS

z = √ (R)2 +¿ ¿ = √ (40)2+¿ ¿ I = 2.84 A

173. An 8-pole alternator is running a 900 rpm. What is its frequency?

184. The RMS value of triangular wave of amplitude 50 V.

189. A series RCC circuit with R = 5 , L = 20 mH and a variable capacitance C. Find C to

ZT = 31. 15 < 15.5 

fr = sf = 0.03 (60) fr = 1.8 Hz

120 f PNs 4 (1645)

X C ( per unit length of line) 90,000

Rating = A × V × 80% = 20 (220) (0.8) = 3520 VA

215. What is the VA rating of a 24 ft lighting track?

Load = No. of outlets × 180 × 125%

Load = 8 (180) (1.25) = 1800 VA

I actual = I reading× CT ratio

80 = I reading×( 100 ) I reading = 4 A

218. A 100:1 potential transformer is connected to a 150-V voltmeter to monitor the

V actual = 138 × (100/1) = 13.8 kV

X C = wL = 377 (100 ×10−3) = 37.7 

z = √ (R)2 +¿ ¿ = √ (40)2+¿ ¿ I = 2.84 A

P = (160) (cos 41.41) = 120 kW Q = 105. 82 kVAR

θ = co s−1 0.707 = 45

τ = 0.4  NI = 0.4  (250) (0.12) = 37.79 gilberts

= β A = (2000) (5) = 10,000 maxwells

fr = sf = 0.03 (60) fr = 1.8 Hz

120 f PNs 4 (1645)

247. In a 3 Ø synchronous converter, what is the ratio of the AC voltage to Dc voltage?

Ampacity = 125% of FLC = 1.25 × 10

Size = 300% of FLC = 3 (30) = 90 A

Yb = Yf – 2m  for retrogressive lap

a = 2m  for wave winding

257. Same as 256: Determine the number of conductors.

2 active coil sides conductors

Substitute: 744 = 186 (2) n n=2

Pitch factor = sin (90 × pitch) = sin (90 ×1)

Pitch factor = 1.0

261. Same as 260: Determine the pitch factor.

kp = sin [ (90) (pitch)]

262. Same as 260: Determine the conductors in series per phase.

263. Same as 260: Determine the terminal voltage.

Ep = 2.22 (0.985) (0.96) (60) (4 ×10 7) (416) ×10−8

E L = √ 3 Ep = √ 3 (10,882.42) = 18,849 volts

265. Same as 264; At 0.866 lagging.

266. Same as 264: At 0.707 leading.

Pcore loss=¿ Poc Poc = E oc I oc Pf = 250 (4) (0.25)

Pcore loss=¿ 250 watts