Photo: Ana Pueyo

Gender and energy country briefs

TANZANIA
Energy is a critical enabler in reaching development goals. However, the benefits of
increased access to modern and cleaner energy services often fail to accrue evenly
to men and women. The African Development Bank and ENERGIA recognise the
need to prioritise policy action in the field of gender and energy to meet the inter-
national Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This country brief on gender and
energy in Tanzania is one in a series to support equality of access and use of energy
by women and men through evidence-based initiatives.

The Government of Tanzania prioritises access to energy as an essential component

of its Development Vision 2025 and the realisation of the medium-term development
objectives (2016/17 – 2020/21). Consideration of gender in the development agenda
is central to unleashing potentials for women and men to participate, benefit and
contribute to the envisaged socio-economic transformations of the country.

This brief provides insights into the current status of gender and energy in Tanzania
and a policy analysis. It presents key data, an overview of the institutional set-up and
targets on gender and energy, and an analysis of barriers and opportunities based on
an expert review of policy documents and consultations with key stakeholders. This
leads to a set of recommendations for future gender-sensitive interventions.

Read further:

> I • Gender and energy statistics 2

> II • The gender and energy nexus 6

> III • Strengthening gender in energy 11

I Gender and energy statistics
General country statistics Gender equality in Tanzania
• The total population in 2020 is 57.6 Million In the Africa Gender Index (AGI)2 report of 2019,
(projected) .
1
Tanzania scores 0.618 (1.00 is gender parity). This is
• The annual population growth rate is 2.7%. higher than the 0.484 average of African countries. The
• 14.8% of the population are between 15 and 35 years old. scores for the social dimension and for representation
• 65% of the population are under 35 years. (0.966 and 0.480 respectively) are also above the AGI
• 70% of the population live in rural areas. averages (0.949 and 0.224 respectively), but the score
• 49.1% of the population live below the poverty line on economic dimensions (0.508) is lower than the AGI
(USD 1 per day). average of 0.608.
• Since 2020, Tanzania has been categorised as a
lower middle-income economy, with a stable
micro-economic growth rate of 7%.

Population

< 15 years
35%
50,2% 15-35 years
TANZANIA
> 35 years
Dar es Salaam •
14,8%

2
 Policies and legal frameworks
to support gender equality
• The Tanzania Constitution of 1977 and its • The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 has a goal of
amendments in 2019 provide specific targets for gender equality and the empowerment of women in
women to have a representation of above 30% in all socioeconomic and political relations.
parliament and to fill 50% of presidential appointees. • The Five-Year National Plan of Action to End
• The Women and Gender Development Policy Violence Against Women and Children (NPAVAWC
of 2000 has the aim of ensuring that a gender 2017/18 – 2021/22) aims to address violence against
perspective is mainstreamed in all policies, women and children.
programmes and strategies. • The Five-Year National Development Plan 2016/17 –
• The National Strategy for Gender Development of 2020/21 has a target of enhancing gender equity
2008 is a tool to guide stakeholders in achieving through affirmative action including a credit line for
gender equality. women and youth empowerment.

Highlighted gender-related facts3:

Population 49% 51%

Male- and female-headed households 72% 28%

Male- and female-headed households living in poverty
at the national level 26.1% 27.4%

Male- and female-headed households living in poverty 26.1% 27.4%

in urban areas
Received some kind of education 87% 78%

Employment rate in the combined formal and informal labour force 89.4% 84.2%

Enterprise ownership 45.7% 54.3%

Median wage across all sectors of the economy (USD) 86% 65%

Bank account ownership 21.4% 12.2%

Unemployment rate 8.9% 14.5%

Seats in the 11th parliament (2015 – 2020) 63.4% 36.6%

Senior and middle management leadership and decision-making
positions in government, large enterprises and institutions 82.6% 17.4%

University students graduated from science, technology, 24.7% 9.6%

engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programmes in 2016

Women spend 3.7 times as much time on unpaid care and

domestic work as men.

Almost four in ten women age 15 and older have experienced

physical violence, and one in five women report experiencing
sexual violence in their lifetime.

3
 Energy situation
Currently, 78.4% of the total population in Tanzania to ­accelerate rural electrification. Urban connections
mainland have access to electricity, up from 67.5% in are provided through the Tanzania Electric Supply
2016/17 (REA and NBS, 2020). With the connection rate Company ­(TANESCO).
to grid electricity standing at 37.7%, and a further 30.4%
using solar systems for lighting, most households still A recent major development is the increase in the
lack grid electricity access in Tanzania. Cooking energy uptake of electricity for lighting, and a corresponding
is largely provided by solid biomass with 89.7% of reduced use of kerosene for lighting (from 22.3%
households using firewood and charcoal. of households in 2016 to currently 6.4%), a trend
encouraged by an increase in the price of kerosene
Increasing access to modern energy is a priority for (REA and NBS, 2020).
the government of Tanzania, which has set goals of
achieving 75% electricity coverage and of 75% of the Electricity generation has more than doubled since
population having clean cooking options (SE4ALL 2012 to above 6000 GWh in 2019. The installed on-
Action Agenda, 2015). grid capacity in 2019 was 1,566 MW of which 63%
is from fossil fuels, 36% from hydropower, and 1% is
The cost of a household grid connection in ­rural­­ produced from biomass (PSMP Update 2020) (Ministry
areas is very low due to subsidies from the Rural of Energy 2020).
­­Energy Funds, under the Rural Energy Agency (REA),

Main sources of energy for lighting Typical fuel costs for cooking
(% of households)4 (retail market prices in 2020)
4% • LPG (30kg cylinder) TZS 50,000
6,4%
• Charcoal (28 kg bag) TZS 45,000
4% Electricity (grid and mini-grid) • Electricity (kWh) TZS 292
6,4% Solar • Firewood (5kg bundle) TZS 1,000
23% 36,3%
Rechargeable battery lamp/torch • Kerosene (1 litre) TZS 1,500
Electricity (grid and mini-grid)
Kerosene
Solar
23% 30,4% 36,3% Others
Rechargeable battery lamp/torch
Kerosene
Cost of electricity grid connection
30,4% Others
• Rural household connection (typical):TZS 27,000 (USD 12)5
Main source
2,2% of cooking energy • Urban single-phase connection: TZS 272,000 (USD 118)
3%
(%
5,1% of households) 4
• Urban three-phase connection: TZS 773,000 (USD 336)

2,2% Firewood
3%
5,1% Charcoal
26,2% LPG
63,5% Firewood Price of electricity in 2020
Electricity
Charcoal (2016 EWURA tariff structure)
26,2%
Others (waste, kerosene, biogas)
LPG • Household customers: TZS 292 per kWh (USD 0.127)
63,5%
Electricity
• Business customers: TZS 198 per kWh (USD 0.086)
Others (waste, kerosene, biogas)

4
 Plans for increasing renewable electricity generation Main policies and national programmes on
capacity have been developed to contribute to the energy access
SEforAll goal of renewable energy contributing more There are several policies, strategies and programmes
than 50% to total power consumption by 2030 (SE4ALL for the realisation of cleaner energy in the country by
Action Agenda, 2015). This includes: 2030:
• Julius Nyerere Hydro Power Project -JNHPP (2,115 • The National Energy Policy, 2015.
MW) – completion due 2022. • The Power System Master Plan, 2016.
• Rusumo Falls (Hydro 80 MW) equally shared by • The Rural Energy Act, 2005.
Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi – completion due • The EWURA Act, 2006.
2021. • The Electricity Act, 2008.
• Kakono (Hydro 87 MW) planned to be submitted for • The Sustainable Energy for All Action Agenda,
the Bank's Board’s consideration in Q4 2021. Investment Prospectus and Implementation Program.
• Kinyerezi 1 extension (Natural gas 185 MW) - • The Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2020 covering the
commissioning expected in 2020. next 20 years.
• Large hydro projects in Ruhudji, Rumakali and
Mpanga in feasibility study phase and seeking funds
amounting to over 700 MW.

1
Sources: National Population Projections NBS (2018); ILFSR
NBS (2015); BDSEP NBS, 2014; Worldbank (2020)
2
The data used in the construction of the Africa Gender Index
(AGI) are largely supplied by National Statistical Offices. While
indicators have been defined in a standard manner, the refer-
ence periods for a number of indicators vary across countries.
3
Sources: NC NBS, 2012; HBS by the National Bureau of
Statistics (NBS), 2019; WB, 2019; ILFSR NBS, 2015; ILO, 2014;
TDHS NBS, 2015; Finscope, 2017; MoHCDGEC, 2016; ESRF,
2016. National Census, 2012; WEF (2017)
4
Energy Access and Use Situation Survey report in Tanzania,
2020
5
Exchange rate used: USD 1 = TZS 2300

5
II The gender
and energy nexus
Energy plays a critical role in the socio-economic development of women and men, be it in
productive sectors of the economy, consumption or the provision of quality social services.
Since men and women use energy differently at work, a focus on gender equality along the
value chains of energy development, supply and use is central to achieving equal opportunities
and benefits. The benefits include increased productivity, employment, entrepreneurship and
reduced drudgery.

Data on the gender and energy nexus

Gender-disaggregated official data in the energy sector of Tanzania are relatively
scarce and not updated regularly. The key gender issues for which data is available
are female employment and decision-making, and energy sources for cooking.

The available data on employment in the energy sector indicate 20% of employees
are female (data from 2014) (ILFSR NBS, 2015). Unofficial indications are that women
currently make up a larger part of the workforce: 44% in the Ministry of Energy (MoE),
20% at the Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO) and 26% in the Rural Energy
Agency (REA).7 With women filling 50% of ministerial-level positions (Deputy Minister
and Permanent Secretary in the Energy Sector), the representation of women and
men in high-level decision making in the sector is balanced.

In terms of energy access and use for cooking, the Energy Access and Use Situation
Report of 2020 indicates that only about 8.1% of households in Tanzania use clean
energy sources for cooking. In 92% of households, it is mainly women, as the ones
responsible for cooking, who bear the burden of collecting firewood and using inef-
ficient technologies. This negatively affects their health, time and productivity.

7
Based on consultation with MoE, REA and TANESCO in the course of preparing this policy brief.

6
 Gender in energy policy frameworks
The following key policy documents promote gender considerations in the Tanzanian
energy sector.

The 2012 Gender and Energy Strategy for the Rural Energy Agency (REA) is currently
under review. The strategy targets to promote women empowerment in rural energy
projects.

The National Energy Policy 2015 acknowledges that the management and develop-
ment of energy resources at the grass-root level requires effective participation of
both women and men in the decision-making process. It provides two specific policy
statements on gender mainstreaming:

1 To ensure that employment and training opportunities in the Energy Sector are based
on gender equality and equity.
2 To facilitate the formation of women groups to participate in the provision of goods
and services required in the Energy Sector.

The Tanzania SEforALL Action Agenda, under which the SEforALL-Gender Action
Plan, was prepared and endorsed in 2018, has an objective of ensuring that the
SEforALL initiative in Tanzania provides equal opportunities for women and men in
access to and control over sustainable energy services as an essential developmental
right. Implementation of the SEforALL Gender Action Plan by the Ministry of Energy is
ongoing and will be extended in the forthcoming Energy Sector Reform Programme
through EU financing. This programme’s implementation will commence in the
2021/22 financial year with a duration of five years.

Assessment of gender in energy policy

In compiling this country brief, an assessment was carried out based on consultations
with key stakeholders.

• Representation of women
The National Energy Policy, 2015 includes a provision for improving gender repre-
sentation in the energy sector. It directs stakeholders to ensure that employment and
training opportunities in the energy sector are based on gender equality and equity,
and that women are considered as suppliers in rural areas. However, there are no
specific targets for women representation.

7
• Institutional capacity
The Ministry of Energy has a Gender Desk and a Gender Focal Point who is respon-
sible for gender mainstreaming in the sector. However, the job description of the
Gender Focal Point does not specify duties related to gender and does not provide
a mandate to intervene for instance in policy formulation or planning. In 2018, the
Gender Committee was established, to closely work with the SEforALL secretariat to
oversee gender issues including the implementation of the SEforALL-Gender Action
Plan. Activities to increase the capacity of the Gender Committee to integrate gender
in energy interventions are yet to be developed.

• Legal and institutional structures

There is no legal framework that sets target for sector-wide women and men repre-
sentation, or guidelines for stakeholders on implementing gender policy. Further,
the energy sector’s budget is not engendered, and the technical capacity for gender
integration in the Ministry and among other stakeholders is limited.

• Targeting gender outcomes on energy access and utilisation

Many of the benefits of energy are realised through its use in energy services such as
for income generation, for education, for health and for cooking. However, there is
lack of cross-sector planning mechanisms and platforms between energy and other
development sectors, while such cross-sectoral approaches are often needed to
address the barriers to energy access and use.

Gender-sensitive approaches are inadequately applied in programmes, projects and

plans as mechanisms for empowering women in productive uses of energy. Men
tend to engage in heavy electricity-based productive uses of energy (welding, car
repairing, sawmills, etc.), whereas women often engage in activities where they
need cooking fuels. With a low prioritisation given to clean cooking energy, and an
emphasis on electricity-related interventions, men are more likely to benefit than
women.

• Gender-disaggregated data
There is lack of up-to-date data on sector employment and on the differential impacts
of energy access and utilisation on women and men.

• Monitoring and evaluation

With the exception of the SEforALL initiative, which is still under development, most
programmes and projects in the energy sector lack gender-sensitive monitoring
frameworks.

8
The Scaling Up Renewable Energy program

Tanzania began to implement the Scaling-Up Renewable Energy Programme (SREP)

in 2014. The programme aims to utilise the large-scale development of renewable
energy to transform the country’s energy sector from one that was increasingly
dependent on fossil fuels to one that is better balanced and diversified, with a greater
share of renewable energy sources. The programme had two distinct and comple-
mentary investment projects namely:

The Geothermal Power Development Project - With a total budget of USD 536.8
million for a 100 MW geothermal power plant supplying about 700 GWh electricity
per year to the national grid. Implementation of the project started in 2016.

The SREP programme also aimed to increase gender-equitable access to renewable

energy by rural and urban populations. The implementation capacity of the Rural
Energy Agency (REA) to provide training on solar energy technologies was enhanced
to reach more women and men at the grassroot level. Training handbooks were
translated to Kiswahili so the trainees (men and women) could easily understand. REA
prioritises electrification for public social services (health centres and schools), and
the grid and off-grid connection of female-headed households and rural enterprises
to use electricity productively.

Impacts of a gender approach to productive uses of energy (PUE)

A study on gender sensitive approaches for productive uses of energy was performed
in Tanzania under ENERGIA’s gender and energy research programme (Pueyo,
Carreras and Ngoo, 2020). The research took place on two islands in Lake Victoria
(Ukara and Irugwa) where specific gender approaches were applied in one of the
two projects supporting the productive use of energy. A main finding is that in the
absence of gender interventions, male entrepreneurs benefit more from the promo-
tion of productive uses of electricity.
>>

9
 Some other key research findings were:

• Men in the research region owned the majority of enterprises and, notably, particu-
larly those that were the most profitable and electricity-intensive.
• Use of electricity is associated with better business performance, but only for male-
owned enterprises – not for women-owned enterprises.
• There is a gendered distribution in the types of fuel used in productive activities,
with women using more firewood and charcoal, and men using more electricity and
diesel.
• The promotion of PUE tends to focus on electricity-intensive enterprises and enter-
prises that can invest. This seemingly ‘gender neutral’ approach thereby has the
outcome that male entrepreneurs benefit more from these interventions.
• Investments by men in PUE in their business are on average three times higher (USD
947) than those of women (USD 312). Men are also more likely to own bank accounts
(43%) than women (22%), but women are more likely to take out loans (22%) than
men (17%) and more men get grants (90%) than women (76%).
• Project interventions seemed to be critical in influencing and changing cultural prac-
tices. In Ukara, women started to engage in businesses after a gender-mainstreaming
intervention. A gendered approach influenced men to support their wives and will-
ingly start to undertake family care activities on behalf of their wives during training
courses that lasted between two and four months. This challenged traditional norms
about the household division of labour.

This case study shows that a gendered approach is critical to the distribution of
benefits of interventions to both male and female entrepreneurs, and to influencing
cultural practices that limit women’s engagement in businesses.

10
III Strengthening gender
in energy
The importance of gender integration is increasingly being recognised in the Tanzanian
energy sector. Examples are the energy policy to improve gender representation in the
energy sector and evidence from case studies regarding the application of gender-sensitive
approaches in promoting equal opportunities for women and men in access to and control
over sustainable energy services. Adding to this, the following recommendations aim to
further strengthen the policy environment and institutional structural capacity, to increase
recognition of the importance of gender among energy stakeholders, to improve access to
key energy services to women and to effect the transition from policy into practice.

Policy and institutional frameworks

• The energy sector policy needs to have targets for women’s and men’s employment.
This will provide strategic direction and accountability to improve gender representa-
tion in the energy sector.
• The policy also needs to provide guidance to support the application of gender-sensi-
tive approaches in programmes, policies and plans in order to ensure that modern
energy contributes to transforming the way women are involved in productive uses.
• To enable the prioritisation of clean cooking, the Ministry of Energy needs to develop
a specific clean-cooking strategy and promote its implementation by supporting
districts to develop plans with annual targets for percentages of households adopting
and using clean cooking fuels and technologies.
• The energy sector budget needs to be engendered to provide budget lines that will
ring-fence resources for the implementation of gender actions.
• The Ministry of Health, Community Development Gender, Elderly and Children
(MoHCDGEC), responsible for gender, should extend its support to the Ministry of
Energy to build capacity on gender integration in policies, programmes, plans and
budgets.
• The Gender Committee and Gender Focal Points in the Ministry of Energy should
establish working ties with technical departments to develop guidelines, working
methods and procedures as well as generic templates and tools, including Terms of
References for gender analysis and mainstreaming.

11
 Gender and energy nexus
• There is need to establish effective mechanisms to link gender and energy at the local
level. Local-level (District Councils) planning in Tanzania offers the opportunity to
establish effective synergies between energy, gender and other development sectors
which are critical for identifying and addressing pressing energy needs for both men
and women. The President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government
Tanzania (PO-RALG) and the Ministry of Energy should collaborate in the devolution
of energy to the local level and the integration of gender in energy policies at the
district level.

Gender-disaggregated data
As gender-disaggregated data are important for informed decision-making, account-
ability and proper planning at all levels:

• The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Ministry of Energy should publish yearly
bulletins on gender and energy with sex-disaggregated data on both the supply and
demand sides (representation, access, utilisation and impacts of energy).
• Tailor-made support is needed to raise the capacity on statistics on the energy and
gender nexus for NBS statisticians.
• Staff is needed for monitoring and evaluation in energy institutions to collect and
analyse gender-disaggregated data that respond to the established gender indicators
(SDG 7 and 5 indicators).

COVID-19

The global COVID-19 pandemic is influencing the lives of men and women around
the world. Energy access is a crucial part of the immediate response and recovery
of COVID-19. With people spending more time at home, energy is needed to ensure
that people have clean cooking energy, refrigeration to keep food longer, water for
sanitation, cooling for vaccination, electrification for health centres and lighting to
support studying and leisure activities. The economic downfall and the lockdown
measures have a severe impact on low-income households, informal workers, with
women over-represented in the most hard-hit sectors (ILO, 2020).

12
 References
Sources cited
• Africa energy portal, accessed Month DD, 2020, https:// • Rural Energy Agency and National Bureau of Statistics
africa-energy-portal.org/country/united-republic-of- (REA and NBS) (2020). Energy Access and Use Situation
tanzaniaFinancial Sector Deepening Trust (FSDT) (2017), Survey report in Tanzania
Tanzania Finscope report • Rural Energy Agency and National Bureau of Statistics
• Global Gender Gap Report 2017 (REA and NBS) (2016). Energy Access and Use Situation
• International Labour Organization (ILO) (2020). Survey report in Tanzania World Economic Forum (WEF)
COVID-19 crisis and the informal economy: Immediate (2017).
responses and policy challenges. Briefing note, May • Uongozi Institute (2017). Women and Political
2020 Leadership: Facilitating Factors in Tanzania
• International Labour Organization (ILO), (2014). Women • World Bank (2020), accessed Month DD, 2020, https://
Entrepreneurship Development in Tanzania data.worldbank.org/income-level/low-and-middle-
• Key Indicator Survey income
• Ministry of Community Development, Gender and • World Bank (2020). Tanzania Economic Update, June
Children (2020). The Women and Gender Development 2020: Addressing the Impact of COVID-19, accessed
Policy, 2000 Month DD, 2020, https://openknowledge.worldbank.
• Ministry of Community Development, Gender org/handle/10986/3387
and Children (2008). National Strategy for Gender • World Bank (2019) Tanzania Mainland Poverty
Development, 2008 Assessment Report
• Ministry of Energy (2020). Power System Master Plan
2020 Update, draft final report Key readings
• Ministry of Energy and Minerals (MEM), (2015). SE4ALL • ENERGIA (2019). Gender in the transition to sustainable
Action Agenda for Tanzania 2016 energy for all: From evidence to inclusive policies
• Ministry of Health, Community Development Gender, • ENERGIA (2011). Mainstreaming Gender in Energy
Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) (2016). The Five- Projects, a Practical Handbook.
year National Plan of Action to End Violence Against • Ministry of Energy (2018). Sustainable Energy for All
Women and Children (NPAVAWC 2017/18 – 2021/22) Gender Action Plan, Tanzania
• National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), (2019). Household • Pueyo, A., Carreras, M., Ngoo, G. (2020). Exploring
Budget Survey (HBS): National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) the linkages between energy, gender, and enterprise:
(2018). National Population Projections Evidence from Tanzania, World Development Vol 128
• National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2015). Integrated
Labour Force Survey Report 2014 (ILFSR) Consulted stakeholders
• National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2015). Tanzania • Rural Energy Agency: Gender Specialist, Head of
Demographic and health Survey (TDHS) Training and Capacity building, Gender and Energy
• National Bureau of Statistics (NBS and OCGS) (2014). Expert
Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile • Ministry of Energy: Commissioner of Renewable Energy,
(BDSEP) National Deputy Focal Point of SEforAll Initiatives,
• National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2012). National Secretary of the Gender Committee
Census • TANESCO: Responsible for gender in Safeguard Team,
• NBS Website, accessed June 19, 2020: www.nbs.go.tz Department of Environment and Research
• Pueyo, A., Carreras, M., Ngoo, G. (2020). Exploring • Ministry of Health, Community Development Gender,
the linkages between energy, gender, and enterprise: Elderly and Children: Community Development Officer,
Evidence from Tanzania, World Development Journal Gender Unit.

13
Reference for this document Climate Investment Funds (CIF)
Ngoo, G., Kooijman, A. (2020). Gender and energy The USD 8 billion Climate Investment Funds
country briefs - TANZANIA, ENERGIA (CIF) accelerates climate action by empower-
ing transformations in clean technology , energy
African Development Bank access, climate resilience, and sustainable forests
The overarching objective of the African Develop- in developing and middle income countries. The
ment Bank Group is to spur sustainable economic CIF’s large-scale, low-cost, long-term financing
development and social progress in its regional lowers the risk and costs of climate finance. It
member countries, thereby contributing to poverty­ tests new business models, builds track records
reduction. The Bank achieves this objective by in unproven markets, and boosts investor con-
mobilising and allocating resources for invest- fidence to unlock additional sources of finance.
ment ­­in its member countries and providing policy Under CIF, the Scaling Up Renewable Energy
advice and technical assistance to support devel- Program in Low Income Countries (SREP) aims
opment efforts. Light up and Power Africa is one to demonstrate the economic, social, and envi-
of the five development priorities of the institu- ronmental viability of low-carbon development
tion and constitutes an enabler for the other four: pathways in the energy sector by creating new
Feed Africa; Industrialize Africa; Integrate Africa; economic opportunities and increasing energy
and Improve the Quality of Life for the People of access through the use of renewable energy. The
Africa. It anchors the essential areas transforming SREP program has 27 member countries and total
the lives of the African people, consistent with the resources of approximately USD 700 million.
Sustainable Development Goals. Reducing gender
gaps and accelerating women’s empowerment ENERGIA
are core objectives of the African Development ENERGIA is an international network of like-
Bank’s strategy to ensure sustainable and inclusive minded organisations and professionals, active in
development in its regional member countries. As Africa and Asia. Our vision is that women and men
the leading development institution on the conti- have equal and equitable access to and control
nent, the African Development Bank is champion- over sustainable energy services as an essential
ing the production of sex-disaggregated data to human right to development. ENERGIA is hosted
adequately address the gender gaps and develop by Hivos, an international organization that seeks
responses that leave no one behind. new solutions to persistent global issues.