See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/340886150

Artificial intelligence and its scope in different areas with special reference to
the field of education

Article · January 2018

CITATIONS READS

53 7,806

1 author:

Mudit Kumar Verma

Bundelkhand University Jhansi
3 PUBLICATIONS 57 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Mudit Kumar Verma on 24 April 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

ISSN: 2455-6157
Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12
www.educationjournal.org
Volume 3; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 05-10

Artificial intelligence and its scope in different areas with special reference to the field of education
Mudit Verma
Department of Education, Rama PG College, University of Lucknow, Chinhat, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract
In the future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human capabilities in many areas. Artificial intelligence is the
intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is the subfield of computer science. Artificial intelligence is becoming a popular
field in computer science as it has enhanced the human life in many areas. Artificial intelligence in the last two decades has greatly
improved performance of the manufacturing, service sector and so in the field of education. Study in the field of artificial
intelligence has given rise to the rapidly growing technology known as expert system. Application areas of artificial intelligence is
heaving a huge impact on various fields of life as expert system is widely used in these days to solve the complex problems in
various areas as education, engineering, business, medicine, weather forecasting etc. The areas employing the technology of
artificial intelligence have seen an increase in the quality and efficiency. This paper gives an overview of this technology and the
scope of artificial intelligence in different areas with special reference to the use of this technology in the field of education along
with its meaning, searching techniques, inventions and future.

Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), artificial neurons (neural computer networks), expert system, heuristic, searching techniques

1. Introduction perception, reasoning and action. It makes machines smarter

It is claimed that artificial intelligence is playing an increasing and more useful. It works with the help of artificial neurons
role in the research of educational technology, management (artificial neural network) and scientific theorems (if then
sciences and operational research areas. Intelligence is statements and logics). AI technologies have matured to the
commonly considered as the ability to collect knowledge to point in offering real practical benefits in many of their
solve complex problems. In the near future intelligent applications. Major artificial intelligence areas are Expert
machines will replace human capabilities in many areas. systems, Intelligent computer aided instructions, Natural
Artificial intelligence is the study of intelligent machines and language processing, Speech understanding, Robotics and
software that can reason, learn, gather knowledge, sensory systems, Computer vision and scene recognition,
communicate, manipulate and perceive the objects. John Neural computing. From these expert system is a rapidly
McCarthy coined the term in 1956 as branch of computer growing technology which is heaving a huge impact on
science concerned with making computers behave like humans. various field of life. The various techniques applied in
It is the study of the computation that makes it possible to artificial intelligence are Neural network, Fuzzy logic,
perceive reason and act. Artificial intelligence is different Evolutionary computing, Computer aided instructions and
from Psychology because it emphasis on computation and is Hybrid artificial intelligence.
different from computer science because of its emphasis on

Fig 1: Papers published on different AI techniques quarterly.

5
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

Artificial intelligence has the advantages over the natural designing the artificial in computers that are like-recognizing
intelligence as it is more permanent, consistent, less the speech, learning, planning and solving the problem. When
expensive, has the ease of duplication and dissemination, can any system adapts itself according to situation in any
be documented and can perform certain tasks much faster and environment is called intelligent. In other words, it can be
better than human. Thus is effective in educational technology defined as programming such machines which can think and
to make the teaching learning process more effective and act with some level of human intelligence is known as
concrete with the help of various artificial intelligence artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence can be defined as
teaching techniques. efficiently use of limited resources. So artificial intelligence
can be defined as making computer programs to solve
2. Meaning of artificial intelligence complex problems same like as human solve the problems. So
Artificial intelligence is the combination of two words it is also divided into two parts one is to solving complex
artificial + intelligence. Where artificial means ‘not real’ or problems by the machine and second is same like human
‘natural’ and by intelligence means ‘the ability to reason, to beings. The term artificial intelligence is also used to describe
trigger new thoughts, to perceive and learn’. Artificial a property of machines or programs: the intelligence that the
intelligence can be defined that area of computer science that system demonstrates. Artificial intelligence is combination of
mainly focus on the making on such kind of intelligent science and engineering for making the machines which
machines that work and give reactions same like human behaves in intelligent manner. In it many fields are combined
beings. It is combination of many activities which includes for like philosophy, psychology and computer science.

Fig 2: Factors included in AI

3. Scope of artificial intelligence in different areas emphasis on certain topics, repeating things that students
3.1. In the field of education haven’t mastered, and generally helping students to work at
3.1.1. Artificial intelligence can automate basic activities in their own pace, whatever that may be.
education, like grading This kind of custom tailored education could be a machine-
While AI may not ever be able to truly replace human assisted solution to helping students at different levels work
grading, it’s getting pretty close. It’s now possible for teachers together in one classroom, with teachers facilitating the
to automate grading for nearly all kinds of multiple choice and learning and offering help and support when needed. Adaptive
fill-in-the-blank testing and automated grading of student learning has already had a huge impact on education across
writing may not be far behind. Today, essay-grading software the nation (especially through programs like Khan Academy),
is still in its infancy and not quite up to par, yet it in college, and as AI advances in the coming decades adaptive programs
grading homework and tests for large lecture courses can be like these will likely only improve and expand.
tedious work, even when TAs split it between them. Even in
lower grades, teachers often find that grading takes up a 3.1.3. It can point out places where courses need to
significant amount of time, time that could be used to interact improve
with students, prepare for class, or work on professional Teachers may not always be aware of gaps in their lectures
development. and educational materials that can leave students confused
about certain concepts. Artificial intelligence offers a way to
3.1.2. Educational software can be adapted to student solve that problem. Coursera, a massive open online course
needs provider, is already putting this into practice. When a large
From kindergarten to graduate school, one of the key ways number of students are found to submit the wrong answer to a
artificial intelligence will impact education is through the homework assignment, the system alerts the teacher and gives
application of greater levels of individualized learning. Some future students a customized message that offers hints to the
of this is already happening through growing numbers of correct answer.
adaptive learning programs, games, and software. These This type of system helps to fill in the gaps in explanation that
systems respond to the needs of the student, putting greater can occur in courses, and helps to ensure that all students are

6
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

building the same conceptual foundation. Rather than waiting we’ve already discussed, AI can take over tasks like grading,
to hear back from the professor, students get immediate can help students improve learning, and may even be a
feedback that helps them to understand a concept and substitute for real-world tutoring. Yet AI could be adapted to
remember how to do it correctly the next time around. many other aspects of teaching as well. AI systems could be
programmed to provide expertise, serving as a place for
3.1.4. Students could get additional support from AI tutors students to ask questions and find information or could even
While there are obviously things that human tutors can offer potentially take the place of teachers for very basic course
that machines can’t, at least not yet, the future could see more materials. In most cases, however, AI will shift the role of the
students being tutored by tutors that only exist in zeros and teacher to that of facilitator.
ones. Some tutoring programs based on artificial intelligence Teachers will supplement AI lessons, assist students who are
already exist and can help students through basic mathematics, struggling, and provide human interaction and hands-on
writing, and other subjects. experiences for students. In many ways, technology is already
These programs can teach students fundamentals, but so far driving some of these changes in the classroom, especially in
aren’t ideal for helping students learn high-order thinking and schools that are online or embrace the flipped classroom
creativity, something that real-world teachers are still required model.
to facilitate. Yet that shouldn’t rule out the possibility of AI
tutors being able to do these things in the future. With the 3.1.8. AI can make trial-and-error learning less
rapid pace of technological advancement that has marked the intimidating
past few decades, advanced tutoring systems may not be a Trial and error is a critical part of learning, but for many
pipe dream. students, the idea of failing, or even not knowing the answer,
is paralyzing. Some simply don’t like being put on the spot in
3.1.5. AI-driven programs can give students and educators
front of their peers or authority figures like a teacher. An
helpful feedback
intelligent computer system, designed to help students to
AI can not only help teachers and students to craft courses that
learn, is a much less daunting way to deal with trial and error.
are customized to their needs, but it can also provide feedback
Artificial intelligence could offer students a way to
to both about the success of the course as a whole. Some
experiment and learn in a relatively judgment-free
schools, especially those with online offerings, are using AI
environment, especially when AI tutors can offer solutions for
systems to monitor student progress and to alert professors
improvement. In fact, AI is the perfect format for supporting
when there might be an issue with student performance.
this kind of learning, as AI systems themselves often learn by
These kinds of AI systems allow students to get the support
a trial-and-error method.
they need and for professors to find areas where they can
improve instruction for students who may struggle with the
3.1.9. Data powered by AI can change how schools find,
subject matter. AI programs at these schools aren’t just
teach, and support students
offering advice on individual courses, however. Some are
Smart data gathering, powered by intelligent computer
working to develop systems that can help students to choose
systems, is already making changes to how colleges interact
majors based on areas where they succeed and struggle. While
with prospective and current students. From recruiting to
students don’t have to take the advice, it could mark a brave
helping students choose the best courses, intelligent computer
new world of college major selection for future students.
systems are helping make every part of the college experience
3.1.6. It is altering how we find and interact with more closely tailored to student needs and goals.
information Data mining systems are already playing an integral role in
We rarely even notice the AI systems that affect the today’s higher-ed landscape, but artificial intelligence could
information we see and find on a daily basis. Google adapts further alter higher education. Initiatives are already underway
results to users based on location, Amazon makes at some schools to offer students AI-guided training that can
recommendations based on previous purchases, Siri adapts to ease the transition between college and high school. Who
your needs and commands, and nearly all web ads are geared knows but that the college selection process may end up a lot
toward your interests and shopping preferences. like Amazon or Netflix, with a system that recommends the
These kinds of intelligent systems play a big role in how we best schools and programs for student interests.
interact with information in our personal and professional
lives, and could just change how we find and use information 3.1.10. AI may change where students learn, who teaches
in schools and academia as well. Over the past few decades, them, and how they acquire basic skills
AI-based systems have already radically changed how we While major changes may still be a few decades in the future,
interact with information and with newer, more integrated the reality is that artificial intelligence has the potential to
technology, students in the future may have vastly different radically change just about everything we take for granted
experiences doing research and looking up facts than the about education.
students of today. Using AI systems, software, and support, students can learn
from anywhere in the world at any time, and with these kinds
3.1.7. It could change the role of teachers of programs taking the place of certain types of classroom
There will always be a role for teachers in education, but what instruction, AI may just replace teachers in some instances
that role is and what it entails may change due to new (for better or worse). Educational programs powered by AI are
technology in the form of intelligent computing systems. As already helping students to learn basic skills, but as these

7
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

programs grow and as developers learn more, they will likely 7. Household
offer students a much wider range of services.
3.6 Games
3.2 Language understanding: The ability to accept a formal set of rules for games such as
The ability to "understand" and respond to the natural Chess, Go, Kalah, Checkers, etc., and to translate these rules
language. To translate from spoken language to a written form into a representation or structure which allows problem-
and to translate from one natural language to another natural solving and learning abilities to be used in reaching an
language. adequate level of performance.
1. Speech Understanding
2. Semantic Information Processing (Computational 3.7 For emergency services
Linguistics) When we allow handling emergency to A.I then it is more
3. Question Answering beneficial for us. Because when some emergency come like
4. Information Retrieval fire, flood then we can send metal or silicon firefighters to
5. Language Translation save people because they have no danger to loss life, machines
can also defy higher temperatures and can tolerate smoke
3.3 Learning and adaptive systems: easily and can search easily in close-quarters by using lasers
The ability to adapt behavior baged on previous experience, and radar where as people may not be able to see. Firefighting
and to develop general rules concerning the world based on was first field where artificial intelligent machines were used
such experience. but now this concept is used in many fields like driving
1. Cybernetics ambulances, handling dangerous law enforcement situations,
2. Concept Formation and even cleaning up hazardous leaks or spills are prime
examples. Now Navy is using this technology on the water,
3.4 Problem solving and some are developing it for use in cities.
Ability to formulate a problem in a suitable representation, to
plan for its solution and to know when new information is 3.8 For Entertainment
needed and how to obtain it. We can apply artificial intelligence to the world of music, can
1. Inference (Resolution-Based Theorem Proving, Plausible make artificial director which see the real world and can
Inference and Inductive Inference) generate the stories. We can make the robots which compose
2. Interactive Problem Solving music and pitch and robots can create your favorite songs.
3. Automatic Program Writing New technology is also able to restore to life of that stars
4. Heuristic Search which are dead like Tupac Shakur and Michael Jackson etc.

3.5 Robots 3.9 For providing services to customers

A combination of most or all of the above abilities with the Now a day’s, for providing services to the customer artificial
ability to move over terrain and manipulate objects. intelligence is using in place of human being. When any
1. Exploration person does calculation like preparing bill, handling account
2. Transportation/Navigation information he can do calculation error but machine do
3. Industrial Automation (e.g., Process Control, Assembly calculation properly and no mistake is done by the machine.
Tasks, Executive Tasks) Artificial intelligence also has a component that is natural
4. Security language processing with the help of which human being can
5. Other (Agriculture, Fishing, Mining, Sanitation, directly communicate with machine in their natural language
Construction, etc.) and can get services directly.
6. Military

Fig 3: Working of a search engine

3.10 In Heuristic Classification information from many sources and collect at one place. In
The main characteristics expert system is to collect heuristic classification many search techniques are used like

8
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

hill-climbing, best first search etc. it tries to find out the programs are developed which do the searching process for
optimal solution of complex problem at low cost and in solution because solution steps are not known before hand and
minimum time. For an example it take decision whether to have to be found out. For doing searching following steps are
accept a proposed credit card purchase. required. So we can say that searching is a process which
transform initial state to goal state.
4. Searching techniques in artificial intelligence 1. Initial state
In AI for finding the solution of problem searching has to be 2. A set of legal operators
done because solution is not known in advance. For it AI 3. Goal state or final state

Fig 4: Example of searching in AI

Searching in AI is broadly classified into two parts-

Fig 5: Different searching types in AI

5. Invention in the field of AI in the year of 1940 and 50 and started academic in the year of
An American scientist John McCarthy invented the term 1956. For using the semantic net first program of AI was
Artificial Intelligence and he has credit of founder of Artificial written by Ross Quillian. We can define semantic net as like
Intelligence. He was a computer and cognitive scientist and graph in which nodes represent the concept and arrow is used
was very popular early development of AI In the 1940s and for providing link between the nodes. A quiz was done in Feb
50s, many scientists from diversity fields like mathematics, 2011, named with Jeopardy! Quiz show it was an exhibition
psychology, engineering, economics and political science match. And the competition was in between the IBM's
started to try to make a artificial mind which work like human question answering system named as Watson and two

9
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research

champions named as Brad Rutter and Ken Jennigs and that system beaten hem by a great margin.

Fig 6: Example of robot

6. The future of AI Conference on Information Technology: Coding and

It is true that many experts are doing research in the field of Computing ITCC 04, 2004.
Artificial intelligence and in future machines will become 3. Deepa SN, Aruna Devi B. A survey on artificial
more and more powerful. But anything which has advantages intelligence approaches for medical image classification,
there exist disadvantages also so there can be ethical issues Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2011; 4(11).
related to machines. For example, if any machine is made for 4. Zadeh L. Fuzzy sets Inf Control, IJET, 2014.
very sensitive work and did any mistake than who will be 5. Joanna Bryson and Jeremy Wyatt. Artificial
responsible. If an AI program is made for diagnosis purpose Intelligence Retrieved from: http://www.cs.bath.ac
and it gives the wrong answer, then we cannot claim the .uk/~jjb/web/whatisai.html, 1997.
doctor for it. So for it policy will have to make. And in future 6. Avneet Pannu. Artificial intelligence, IJET; ISSN:2277-
such kind of machines will be developed which will 3754 , 2015; 4(10).
communicate with us same like the human and will be able to 7. Ekta Nehra. Artificial Intelligence in Modern Times,
guess what should be done in which situation. ICRISEM; YMCA, New Delhi, 2015: ISBN:978-81-
931039-4-4.
7. Conclusion
The field of artificial intelligence gives the ability to the
machines to think analytically, using concepts. Tremendous
contribution to the various areas has been made by the
Artificial Intelligence techniques from the last 2 decades.
Artificial Intelligence will continue to play an increasingly
important role in the various fields. This paper is based on the
concept of artificial intelligence, scope of artificial
intelligence in different areas with special to “the field of
education”. As all know artificial intelligence is intelligence
behavior of machines which is given by the professional. As
you all know artificial intelligence have simplified our life in
every aspect it can be article writing or game playing or taking
any important decision. In any machine many experts mind
can be combined which is more powerful than a single expert
mind. Many labors work can be done by a single machine and
good thing of it is that it never tired. Now such types of robots
are going to make which have emotions it will finish the
loneliness of the person. But it has another aspect that is can
be dangers for us. If we become completely dependent on that
machines than it can ruin our life as we do not do any work
ourselves and got lazy. And another is that it cannot give the
feeling like human. So machines should be used only where
there those are actually required.

8. References
1. Ramesh N, Kambhampati C, Monson JRT, Drew PJ.
Artificial intelligence, 2004.
2. Sampada C et al. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Intrusion
Detection Systems, Proceedings: International

10

View publication stats