PUMPS AND

PUMPING SYSTEM
PUMPS - mechanical devices for lifting water
from a source to the point of use
TYPES OF PUMPS

• According to method of energy transfer

– reciprocating piston pumps (piston or displacement
pumps)
– rotating impeller pumps

• Based on direction of flow through impellers

– Radial flow pump (centrifugal pump)
– Axial flow pump (propeller pump)
– Mixed flow pump (turbine pump)
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

• Economical and simple in

construction, yet they produce a
smooth, steady discharge
• Small compared with their
capacity
• Easy to operate
• Capable of handling sediment and
other foreign material
• Centrifugal pump should be
primed before it is started.
TURBINE PUMPS
PARTS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

• Impeller - rotor that

adds energy to the water
in the form of increased
velocity and pressure

• Casing - guides the

water to and from the
impeller
IMPELLERS
 SIZES OF PUMP
(based on the diameter of suction & discharge)
2X2
3X3
4X4
5X5
 PUMP AFFINITY LAWS
N 1 D1 = N 2 D 2
where:
Q1 N 1 D1
= N = impeller speed
Q2 N 2 D2
D = impeller diameter
2
H1  N1 D 1  Q = discharge
=  
H2  N 2 D2  H = Head

3 P = Power
P1  N1 D 1 
=   𝑄𝑄1 𝑄𝑄2
P2  N 2 D2  3 =
𝑁𝑁1 𝐷𝐷1 𝑁𝑁2 𝐷𝐷23
Example:
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 3
A single-stage pump to deliver 200 against a head of 400 feet
𝑠𝑠
at 450 RPM and with the positive section head, including
velocity head, of 10 ft has an impeller diameter of 6.8 ft. The
pump being too large for a shop or laboratory test, a model with
an 18-inch impeller is to be tested at a reduced head at 320
feet. At what speed and capacity should the test be run.

1825 rpm
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 3
8.73
𝑠𝑠
Consider a pump of flow 1000 m3/hr is designed for 1500
rpm. The same pump is required to be operated at 3000
rpm. Find the changed flow of the pump. Assume the
diameter of the pump is kept constant.

If Power consumption = 100Kw, find P2 at the changed

RPM.

Q2=2000 m^3/hr
 PUMPING SYSTEM
discharge pipe

prime mover

centrifugal pump

pulley
(attached
to the belt
shaft)
 hand pump
for priming

PRIMING - filling the casing with water so that air

trapped in the pump does not hinder its operation and
reduce its efficiency
PRIMEMOVER
• Engine
• Electric motor

TYPES OF ENGINE
• Diesel, water cooled
• Diesel, air cooled
• Gasoline, water cooled
• Gasoline, air cooled

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION
• Belt-driven
• Direct-coupled
Pump and engine should be carefully matched so that
water is pumped efficiently and at a minimum cost
 Pumps and Prime Mover (Pumpset)
Specification

• Pump Specification

The basic data needed in pump specification are: (a)

the required discharge or pipe flow rate (Q) and (b)
the total dynamic head (TDH) against which the
pump is to be operated.

With these parameters known, the farmer could

properly choose the brand and type of pump from
pump dealers around town.
Example:
• DWR of 2 lps/ha
• Farm area of 4 hectares
• Desired pumping operation of 8 hours

• Required: Determine the discharge

capacity of the pump (Q design)
Procedure
1. Estimate the irrigation water requirement (can be
DWR, FWR, etc)

Example:
DWR of 2 lps/ha
Farm area of 4 hectares
Desired pumping operation of 8 hours

2. Estimate pump discharge, Q

Q = (FWR/H) * 24 = ((2*4)/8)* 24 = 24 lps

= 380.41 gpm
where H = hours of operation
3. Calculate the total dynamic head, TDH

TDH = (SWL + DD + HPG + SDH) + Hf + Hsf

where:
SWL = static water level below ground surface
DD = drawdown during pumping at designed discharge
H PG = vertical distance from the center of the pump to the ground surface
SDH = vertical distance from the center of the pump to the discharge height
Hf = friction losses along pipes
Hsf = safety factor to include head losses on pipe fittings (elbows, couplings, water
entrances, etc.) approximately 2 ft for typical STW; get the equivalent length of
pipe fittings, valves, etc and then use the Scobey’s equation

TDH = SSH + SDH + Hf + Hm (if pumped from a river)

where:
SSH = static suction head
SDH = static discharge head
Hf = friction losses along pipes
Hm = minor losses - get the equivalent length of pipe fittings, valves, etc and then
use the Scobey’s equation
 1m

1.5 ft

5 ft

3 ft
• Suction diameter & length - 4-in, 25 ft GI pipe
• Discharge diameter & total length – 4-in, 5 ft GI pipe
• Accessories:
equivalent length (m)
4-in 90 deg elbow 3.35
4-in 90 deg elbow 3.35
4-in check valve 7.62

Hf = Hf (suction) + Hf (discharge) Scobey’s equation

= 2.66 + 0.53 = 3.19 ft
Hsf = Hsf (suction) + Hsf (discharge)
- use equivalent depth & Scobey’s equation
= 4.97 ft (using Scobey’s eqn)

TDH = (5 + 3 + 1.5 + 1) + 3.19 + 4.97 = 18.66 ft or

5.69 m
4. Select the most appropriate pump based from Q, TDH
using the characteristic curve or AMTEC test results.
Q = 24 lps or 380 gpm
TDH = 18.66 ft or 5.69 m

Get the following pump specifications:

brand name, model and size

RPM
maximum efficiency
head and Q at maximum efficiency
 15
14
13.2 Maximum total head
13
Total head 12
11
(m)
10
9
8
7

65
60.2 Maximum efficiency
60
55
50
45
Efficiency
40
(%)
35
30

25
20
15
10
5
0

3.5
Input 3.19 Maximum input power
3.0
power (kW)
2.5

2.0

1.5 14. 16. 20.

3 7 4
1.0

0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Discharge/ Capacity (L/ sec)

Figure 2. Sample pump characteristic curve as determined byAMTEC.
 Sample Test Results
Brand Model Size Shaft Total Head Discharge Efficiency
speed (m) (Lps) (%)
(rpm)
EAGLE EC80 75X75 2200 18.3 15.3 60.6

AKEBONO 4X4 100X100 2000 11.3 27.6 66.7

CHINA NS100 100X100 1800 12.9 11.7 40.9

GOLDMARK 4X4 100X100 2000 17.3 23.5 69.9

KIRLOSCAR NW-D9 150X150 1800 16.6 56.1 68

Q = 24 lps or 380 gpm

TDH = 18.66 ft or 5.69 m
4. Compute for the brake horsepower (BHP)
requirement of the pump using the equation

BHP = (TDH*Qd)/( 3960*Ep )

= (18.66*380)/(3960*0.667)
= 2.68 Hp
where:
TDH = total dynamic head in ft
Qd = design discharge in gpm
Ep = pump efficiency (initially assumed to be 60% but may be
adjusted later after the pump is chosen)
6. Specify the power rating of the primemover for it to
supply the required BHP
size of primemover = 2.68 * 1.3 = 3.48 or 4 Hp
Guidelines for determining desired power rating of the prime mover

Prime mover Body indicated power rating

Electric motor (1.15) X BHP

Diesel, water-cooled (1.25-1.30) X BHP

Diesel, air-cooled (1.30-1.35) X BHP

Gasoline, water-cooled (1.35-1.40) X BHP

Gasoline, air-cooled (1.40 X 1.50) X BHP

7. Select primemover based from the power rating and
farmer’s preference

8. Determine the appropriate pulley combination (for belt-

driven only)
N1 D1 = N2 D2
 (a) Partially filled pipe

(b) Pipe flowing full

Figure 1. Trajectory coordinate method (Source: Morales, 1997)
Table 1. Discharge in gpm measured from a horizontal pipe flowing full with a
drop of 4 inches (Source: Ahmad, 1979 as cited by Morales, 1997)
X D 1 1.25 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 8 10
4 5.5 8.7 12.4 22.1 49.8 88.5 138.2 199.0 353.0 552.0
5 6.8 10.8 15.5 27.6 62.3 110.6 172.7 248.8 442.0 691.0
6 8.2 13.0 18.6 33.2 74.7 132.7 207.3 298.5 530.0 829.0
7 9.6 15.2 21.7 38.7 87.1 154.9 241.8 348.3 619.0 967.0
8 11.0 17.3 24.8 44.2 99.5 177.0 276.4 398.0 707.0 1105.0
9 12.3 19.5 27.9 49.7 112.0 199.1 310.9 447.8 796.0 1243.0
10 13.7 21.6 31.0 55.3 124.4 221.2 345.5 497.5 884.0 1382.0
11 15.1 23.8 34.1 60.8 136.9 243.3 380.0 547.3 973.0 1520.0
12 16.5 26.0 37.2 66.3 149.3 265.5 414.6 597.1 1061.0 1658.0
14 19.2 30.3 43.4 77.4 174.2 309.7 483.7 696.6 1238.0 1934.0
16 22.8 34.6 49.6 88.4 199.1 254.0 552.8 796.1 1415.0 2211.0
18 24.7 39.0 55.7 99.5 224.0 398.2 621.9 895.6 1592.0 2487.0
20 27.4 43.3 61.9 110.5 248.9 442.5 691.0 995.1 1769.0 2764.0
22 30.2 47.6 68.2 121.6 273.7 486.7 760.1 1095.0 1946.0 3040.0
24 32.9 52.0 74.3 132.6 298.6 530.9 829.2 1194.0 2122.0 3317.0
25 34.0 54.0 77.0 138.0 311.0 553.0 863.0 1243.0 2211.0 3455.0
30 41.0 64.0 92.0 165.0 373.0 663.0 1036.0 1492.0 2653.0 4146.0
35 48.0 75.0 108.0 193.0 435.0 774.0 1209.0 1741.0 3096.0 4837.0
40 54.0 86.0 123.0 221.0 497.0 884.0 1381.0 1990.0 3538.0 5528.0
45 61.0 97.0 139.0 148.0 559.0 995.0 1554.0 2238.0 3980.0 6219.0
50 68.0 108.0 154.0 276.0 622.0 1106.0 1727.0 2487.0 4422.0 6910.0
55 75.0 119.0 170.0 303.0 684.0 1216.0 1900.0 2736.0 4865.0 7601.0
60 82.0 129.0 185.0 331.0 746.0 1327.0 2072.0 3985.0 5307.0 8292.0
Table 2. Multiplication factors for different percentage ratios of F/D for
determining discharges* for partially filled pipes (Source: Ahmad,
1979 as cited by Morales, 1997)
F/D Percentage Factor F/D Percentage Factor
5 0.981 55 0.436
10 0.948 60 0.375
15 0.905 65 0.312
20 0.868 70 0.253
25 0.806 75 0.195
30 0.747 80 0.142
35 0.688 85 0.095
40 0.627 90 0.052
45 0.564 95 0.019
50 0.500 100 0.000