Effectiveness of Google Meet in Student's

Engagement Among Grade 12 Students in

Richmindale Institute
___________________________________

A Quantitative Research Study

Presented to the Faculty of

Richmindale Institute

Al Maktoum Rd, Deira - Dubai

___________________________________

Balagosa, Gleryll
Sta. Ana, Justine Francis

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION

The movement towards digital methods of communication has shifted traditional educational

frameworks, introducing innovative opportunities for group learning and enhancing student

participation. The introduction of online learning, significantly highlighted by the global events

like the COVID-19 pandemic, has made platforms such as Google Meet essential for sustaining

education continuity. It's crucial to grasp how these digital tools affect student engagement in

order to improve academic achievements in the digital realm.

1.1 Background of the Study

Digital communication technologies have transformed the educational field, allowing teachers to

overcome geographical obstacles and encourage a more interactive learning environment. Faced

with an increased need for distant education solutions, Richmindale Institute has adopted Google

Meet for conducting live online sessions for its students. Nevertheless, to fully exploit this

technological advantage, it's critical to conduct empirical studies on its influence on student

participation, interaction, and overall learning experience.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Google Meet in boosting student engagement

within the Grade 12 cohort at Richmindale Institute, aiming to shed light on its impact on their

participation, interaction, and overall academic outcomes.

Research Questions:

How do online learning sessions via Google Meet fare against conventional classroom settings

when it comes to student engagement?

What are the benefits and setbacks perceived by Grade 12 students in using Google Meet for

their remote learning needs?

How much does technological skill, the size of the class, and instructional methods affect student

engagement in Google Meet classes?

1.3 Research Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis: There exists no significant discrepancy in engagement levels between students

participating in online learning through Google Meet and those receiving traditional classroom

teaching at Richmindale Institute.

Alternative Hypothesis: Google Meet enhances student engagement and interaction more than

traditional classroom formats, leading to improved educational results for Grade 12 students.

1.4 Scope and Delimitations

This investigation is strictly limited to observing Grade 12 students at Richmindale Institute and

their use of Google Meet for real-time online learning. It aims to explore various aspects of

student engagement such as frequency of participation, levels of attention, and cooperative

interactions. Nevertheless, its focus is confined to a specific educational level within the institute

and could be affected by external factors like internet quality and availability of digital tools.

1.5 Conceptual Framework

 Figure 1: Conceptual framework

An Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model (or IPO Diagram) is a visual representation of

a process or system showing the key inputs, resulting outputs, necessary controls and essential

enablers of a system life cycle that is used to approach in systems analysis and software

engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or other process.

(The Project Definition, 2015)

In the initial phase, comprehensive planning is essential. This involves gathering

information on basil oil properties. Additionally, it involves preparing the materials needed for

the experiments, ensuring all necessary equipment and supplies are available for the research

process.

Once the input is secured, the next phase is a process, wherein various tests, including

user surveys and real-world evaluations, are conducted. The collected data is systematically

organized, interpreted, and analyzed to generate comprehensive findings.

The final phase, which is the output, encompasses the conclusion and recommendations

based on the research findings. Concrete results from testing and data analysis are compiled,

suggestions are presented to guide future actions, emphasizing the tangible impact of deploying

basil oil-based diffusers as mosquito repellents.

1.6 Significance of the study

 The results will provide important information to individuals, medical professionals, and

researchers looking for other ways to control mosquito populations. Results of this study would

be benefiting the following:

To the Student. This study will help students of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School

by providing insights into potential effective solutions for mosquito repellency. It will help

students to have a comfortable learning environment and reduce the disruptions caused by

mosquito issues.

To the School. This study will benefit school administrators as they enhance the overall well-

being of students and staff and foster a productive and healthier environment or educational

setting.

To the Teacher. This study will benefit teachers since they play a crucial role maintaining a

positive learning atmosphere. It allows teachers to focus on delivering lessons to students

without interruptions.

To the Future Researchers. This study will help future researchers as it serves as a foundation

if they are interested in exploring natural alternatives for mosquito control. It could guide them

for further investigations and it contributes to more knowledge on environmental friendly

mosquito repellents.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Diffuser - It is a device that is used to spread heat across an area. (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023)

Mosquito - It is a common flying insect and when it bites the common reaction would be itching

or swelling. (CDC, 2023)

Mosquito-Borne Disease - It is those spread by the bite of an infected mosquitoes that can be

dangerous in human health. (NIOSH, 2016)

Mosquito Repellent - It is a chemical substance that is applied to the body to prevent the

mosquitoes from biting. (Collins, 2023)

CHAPTER 2

Review Related Literature

This chapter is the discussion of the literature from different sources such as articles, books,

journals, and the result of other related research to which the present study is related.

2.1 Health and Safety

 According to Assadolahi (et al. 2019) “Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main

source of illness and death. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood

morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-

Saharan Africa. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the

disease incidence.” The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously

has been acknowledged as part of an overall insect-borne disease control programme.

Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop

new eco-friendly repellents could be a solution to scale back the bad effects on environment and

human health. Moreover, according to Assadolahi (et al. 2019) “In recent years, interest in plant-

based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that

are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal

of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world”.

From the past few years, plant based repellents have been revived because of its preview effects

that helped the population to have a convenient solution to prevent and protect the people from

bites of mosquitoes. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the

development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Plant oils may serve as

suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive,

and are readily available in many parts of the world.

According to Sharma (et al. 2023) “Plant-based (natural) and chemical-based products

are both used (synthetic) as mosquito repellents, which come in a variety of forms such as

mosquito repellent coils, mosquito repeller oil, and so on, are becoming more popular around the

world as vector-borne viral diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and Malaria become more
prevalent. The best alternative to the optimal formulation is determined by a number of elements,

including the type of repellent (natural or synthetic), medicinal forms (spray, lotion, cream, gel),

duration of action (short or long), exposure environment, and user (adult, pregnant women,

children, newborn).” Plant-based (natural) and chemical-based products are both used (synthetic)

as a mosquito repellents, which come in a variety of forms such as mosquito repellent coils,

mosquito repeller oil, and so on, are becoming more popular around the world as vector-borne

viral diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and Malaria become more prevalent. The best

alternative to the optimal formulation is determined by a number of elements, including the type

of repellent (natural or synthetic), medicinal forms (spray, lotion, cream, gel), duration of action

(short or long), exposure environment, and user (adult, pregnant women, children, newborn).

2.2 Herbs as Mosquito Repellent

The goal of using herbs as a mosquito repellent is to provide a non-toxic, eco-friendly,

and natural substitute for chemical-based solutions. It aims to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne

illnesses like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus by effectively protecting against mosquito

bites. It seeks for new plant species with repelling qualities and ways to improve formulations.

According to Journal Arthropod Borne Dis. (2018) Essential oils are being presented as

green insecticides, and many of them are considered non-toxic to humans and animals, as well as

safe and environmentally beneficial. Essential oil’s repellent action is an excellent technique of

managing biting insects, including bed bugs; and they can be applied to belongings, fabric items,

and furniture for preventing bed bugs from entering the house. These substances are effective

substitutes for synthetic insecticides and can help to postpone the development of insect pest

resistance. Oregano is also one of the effective plants that can be an oil for repelling mosquitoes,
the oil of Oregano is known as a powerful antiseptic and insect repellent. It contains active

compounds like carvacrol, thymol, and -terpinene, which have been shown to be particularly

effective in repelling mosquitoes. As stated by A. Giatropoulos, et al (2022) Sublethal effects of

oregano oil and its main component carvacrol against Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), a

medically important insect.

According to Mi Young Lee, (2018) Many ways for improving the repellant efficacy of

Essential Oils have been described. The most commonly reported general strategy for increasing

repellent efficacy is to combine numerous Essential Oils from different plants, resulting in a

synergistic effect. Stated by Benaid (2019) Containing Oregano oil extracts are more effective

repellents than containing simple lemongrass or oregano oil extracts in terms of Candles.

Based on the research findings of Tisgratog et al. (2016), 37 plant species from 14

families have been shown to have mosquito-repelling properties in Thailand, where there is a

long tradition of using plants with such properties. An excito-repellency test system was used to

further describe nine plant species, and the results showed that five essential oils that were

isolated from certain plants had promising repellent effects. In areas where conventional vector

control techniques would be less successful, this study emphasizes the possibility of botanical

essential oils as better alternatives for synthetic chemicals. In consideration of the continuous

difficulties caused by pesticide resistance in vector species, knowing the efficacy of these natural

products is essential in enhancing tools for individual protection and promoting public health

initiatives.

2.3 Effectiveness of Oil-based Mosquito Repellent

 The use of Rosemary, Peppermint, and Oregano oil Based Diffuser as a Mosquito

Repellent aims to offer a dependable method of keeping mosquitoes away. By providing an

affordable and long lasting mosquito control solution, it helps for the sake of public health and

wellbeing.

Muller et al. (2009) conducted a study with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of oil-

based repellents in indoor and outdoor environments. Commercially available candles or

diffusers with different concentrations of the active components were used in the controlled

studies. The findings demonstrated that every material examined provided a significant level of

repellency when compared to the exposed control, with diffusers often displaying higher

repellency rates than candles. “The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of oil-based

repellents as viable alternatives for repellents made of synthetic chemicals, with geraniol

showing the greatest repellent activity both indoors and outdoors. The study also addresses issues

raised by various previous study methods by highlighting the significance of standardized testing

techniques and quality control measures in assessing the efficacy of natural repellents. “

In order to combat Anopheles mosquitoes, which are known to be malaria vectors, plant-

based repellents provide environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic insecticides,

according to Khoobdel et al. (2019). Traditional knowledge leads to the identification of plants

that are efficient repellents; research shows that essential oils and extracts from a variety of

botanical sources are useful. Results showed significant protection durations and strong

repellency rates for substances such as extract from peppermint. These natural repellents address

concern about the effects of chemical repellents on the environment and the risks that they bring

to human health. They also offer safe, biodegradable alternatives that could be extremely

important in overall vector management programs. The effectiveness and safety of plant-based
repellents must be ensured by standardized testing procedures, which emphasize the significance

of ongoing research in this field for practical disease control techniques.

According to Tolentino et al. (2023) tackled the prevalent issue of mosquito-borne

diseases in the Philippines by investigating the efficacy of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and

lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts as plant-based insect repellents for diffusers. Within

a mosquito box net, they tested three different blends of the extracts, each with varying

proportions of oregano and lemongrass. Notably, the blend containing 25% oregano and 75%

lemongrass extract exhibited the highest efficacy, boasting a repellency rate of 100%. These

findings suggest that plant-based repellents can serve as viable replacements for synthetic

alternatives, offering promising solutions for mosquito control efforts.

Lowering the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses can be achieved by using oil-based

mosquito diffusers, which can effectively repel mosquitoes and minimize human-vector contact.

Sutthanont et al. (2022) examined the effectiveness of ten undiluted essential oils as mosquito

repellents against three different species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles dirus, and Culex

quinquefasciatus. Significant repellent efficacy against these mosquitoes was demonstrated by

essential oils, including peppermint, with protection lasting from 120 to 360 minutes (about 6

hours). Through the utilization of essential oils' repellent qualities, individuals can protect

themselves against mosquito bites and reduce the spread of illnesses such as dengue, malaria,

and filariasis.

According to Rehman et al. (2014), using plant-based repellents and oil-based mosquito

diffusers offers an alternative solution for the growing threat caused by disease-carrying

mosquitoes in the midst of global environmental changes. Traditional methods utilizing plant-
based repellents, such as essential oils, provide a sustainable substitute for synthetic chemicals.

Although differences in testing procedures make it difficult to measure how repellent they are,

developments like synergists and formulation approaches have the potential to increase efficacy.

Ethnobotanical surveys have revealed plants that have been used as repellents in several regions,

providing significant insights into traditional practices.

2.4 Organic and Inorganic Repellent Comparison

According to Marks (2023), “My conventional mosquito repellents have the chemicals

DEET or picaridin as active ingredients. But there are more natural mosquito repellents available

that may also be effective. If you live in an area where mosquitoes are more of a mild nuisance,

plant-based mosquito repellents may be a good alternative to conventional mosquito repellents.”

The active components in many traditional insect repellents include DEET or picaridin.

However, there are other natural repellents for mosquitoes that can work as well. When living in

a community with high mosquito rates, organic repellents are suitable for a community that are

rich from organic resources. Also, herbs as insect repellents might be a useful substitute for

inorganic repellents if you live in a place where mosquitoes are just a minor annoyance.

According to Amies (2023) “When considering organic mosquito repellents, it is essential to

weigh the arguments for and against their use. While natural options are often preferred for their

perceived health and environmental benefits, their effectiveness can vary.” Natural options or

organic alternatives can minimize the potential harm to our ecosystem. Compared to chemical

contained repellents it may offer shorter duration of protection, While natural options are often

preferred for their perceived health and environmental benefits, their effectiveness can vary.
 According to Roy (et al. 2017), “In recent years, a large number of insect repellents have

been developed with the idea of consumer benefits. In addition to the already known

advantageous application of insect repellents, there is increasing concern about the potential

toxicity in the environment leading to health caused by random use of these compounds. An

increasing amount of evidence suggests that insect repellents may trigger undesirable hazardous

interactions with biological systems with a potential to generate harmful effects including

intermediate metabolites.” In the past few years a large number of insect repellents were created

with the ideas and common issues of the consumers benefits. An increase of toxicity in the

environment may damage its health because of its use of these compounds. Synthetic repellents

may trigger unintentional hazardous interactions with the biological systems. In developing this

such compounds may affect its natural effect on organic repellents that are considered safe to

undesirable toxicity that generate harmful effects on our metabolisms.

Chapter 3

Methodology
The methods of research that the researcher will use to carry out the study are presented

in this chapter. These methods include the research design, study population, development of the
research instrument and determining its validity and reliability, data collection techniques, and

appropriate statistical analysis of the data.

Research Design

The researcher used quantitative methods to create this study. In an attempt to promote

and accomplish the study's objectives, the researcher made an effort to find solutions to the

previously mentioned issue. Similarly, it also made an effort to understand the various influences

on their way of life. Sis International Research (n.d.) defines quantitative research as an

organized approach to gathering and examining data from various sources. To get results,

quantitative research uses mathematical, statistical, and computational tools.

Accordingly, the primary quantitative approach employed in this study is descriptive-

experimental research. A systematic study that blends the elements of experimental and

descriptive research designs is known as descriptive experimental research. This method

involves introducing controlled interventions or variables while methodically observing,

recording, and analyzing the current conditions or behaviors within a particular context in order

to make meaningful conclusions. The goal of this design is to present a thorough representation

of the topic being studied, making it possible to spot patterns, connections, or modifications that

are caused by experimental changes. In this specific research

Population
 In this study, the main goal is to find out how well diffusers containing oils of rosemary,

peppermint, and oregano work to keep mosquitoes away from school bathrooms. The target

population of this study are the students at Munting Ilog Integrated National High School since it

is most directly impacted by mosquitoes in school bathrooms. This study aims to bring insights

into the possible advantages of employing natural oils as a substitute to lessen mosquito-related

problems in learning settings and a cost-efficient product.

Sample and Sampling Technique

This research intends to give thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of diffusers based

on rosemary, peppermint, and oregano as mosquito repellents in school bathrooms. In this study

60 students from Munting Ilog Integrated National High School will make up the study’s sample.

This study will use a sampling technique of probability sampling with a focus on Simple random

sampling. It ensures that every participant has an equal chance of being selected in the study.

Since there is no bias during the selection process, this randomization technique guarantees a fair

choice of participants.

By using this sampling technique, researchers may get more information about how well

natural oils work as a mosquito repellent in school bathrooms,which can help design workable

methods for controlling mosquito populations in learning environments.

Research Instrument
 In this study, researchers will use the research instrument survey/questionnaires as a tool

to gather the data to provide the information needed in this study. Researcher’s choose a survey

as a research instrument because it is a set of questions to collect from the respondents to answer

the study’s statement of the problem. Survey is one of the reliable sources to get the information

along with the protection of the respondent’s anonymity in giving their own opinion and

preferences in this study. This survey will be a likert scale method that will help the study to

understand the respondent’s opinion and preference whereas the respondent’s have an option to

rank their opinions and choose from five (5) different choices, strongly disagree, disagree,

neutral, agree, and strongly agree.

Statistical Treatment of Data

According to Siddharth (2009), statistical treatment of data is important to make sure that

data are used in the right form. Also, organization of data is important to use to draw appropriate

conclusions. Therefore, to have a proper and suitable data interpretation, researchers will use the

following statistical treatment of data.

Paired Sample t-Test

A paired t-test is used to compare two population means where you have two samples in

which observations in one sample can be paired with observations in the other sample (Shier R.,

2004). It is divided into different populations, it aims to get the significant difference of the two

groups and compare one another in observations from zero until to its difference. This can be

used if the researchers will measure two different groups (e.g., taking a test without prior
knowledge under the “experimental” group and completing the test under the “controlled”

group).

General Formula

t = (Σd) / [√(n(Σd)²(Σd)²) / n-1]

Where:

d - Differences per paired value

n - Total numbers of samples

The paired sample t-test technique should be performed corresponding with the following

statistical formula.

A. Difference between the Two Subjects

Formula:

Xd = XE - XC

Where:

Xd = Difference between the two subjects

XE = Experimental group

XC = Control group
B. Mean Difference

Formula:

X̄ d = ΣXd / n

Where:

X̄ d = Sample Mean Difference

Xd = Difference between the two subjects

n = Total number of paired samples

C. Sample Standard Deviation

Formula:

s = √[(Σ(Xd – X̄d)²) / n-1]

Where:

s = Sample standard deviation

Xd = Difference between the two values

X̄ d = Sample Mean difference

n = Total number of paired samples

D. Critical t-Value

Formula:

α = 1 – Confidence Level

df = n – 1

type of test: one-tailed test (right)

t = df, α, type of test

refer to the Student’s-t Distribution Table

Where:

α = Level of significance

df = Degrees of freedom

t = Critical t-value

E. Calculated t-Value

Formula:

tc = (X̄d – μd) / (s/√n)

Where:

tc = Computed t-value

X̄ d = Sample Mean Difference

μd = Population Mean Difference

s = Sample standard deviation

 n = Total number of paired samples

Chapter 4

Result and Discussion

4.1 Introduction

To further analyze this study, this chapter will provide the result and discussion from the

data collected through the survey. It is necessary to analyze the presented data to answer the
research questions, statement of the problem, and to test the hypothesis. This data will be

interpreted and presented through descriptive form.

In this chapter, it consists of analysis, discussion, presentation and interpretation of the

data collected. The analysis of data will have two phases. The first phase will be based on

questionnaires through surveys that will deal with the quantitative analysis of data. The second

phase will be based on the result that is a qualitative interpretation of observations in the

bathroom of the senior high school building in Munting Ilog Integrated National High School

(MIINHS).

4.2 Analysis of Respondents

To complete this study, researcher’s choose the respective respondents for this study. The

overall respondents are 60 students from Munting Ilog Integrated National High School

(MIINHS). Out of 60 students, 15 (25%) of the respondents are Grade 12, 32 (53%) of the

respondents are from Grade 11, 8 (13%) of the respondents are Grade 10, and 5 (8%) of the

respondents are from Grade 9. The respondents taking part in this research are students who are

directly affected by the mosquito population, especially in the school bathrooms. About 60

students are part of the study, chosen using a method called Simple Random Sampling, which

makes sure everyone has an equal chance to be in the study. This method helps researchers learn

a lot about how well diffusers with rosemary, peppermint, and oregano oils work to keep

mosquitoes away in school bathrooms. Using surveys/questionnaires lets the researchers gather

the data we need to look into the problem we're studying. The surveys use a Likert scale, where
respondents can say if they strongly disagree, disagree, are neutral, agree, or strongly agree. This

way, everyone's opinions are private while still getting useful data for our study's goals.

Total No. of Grade Level

Respondents

7 12- ABM

5 12- ICT

3 12- GAS

7 11- STEM

5 11- HUMSS 1

5 11- HUMSS 2

5 11- HUMSS 3

5 11- ABM

5 11- ICT

5 Grade 10

3 Grade 10

5 Grade 9
Table 1: Respondent’s Table

4.3 Analysis of Questionnaires

This section focuses on the Analysis of Questionnaires related to the research. Checking

the ideas and hypothesis is the aim of this analysis, The researchers want to guarantee that the

data is accurate and relevant to study. They will also consider how these results are applied to
further research which will add significance to the study. It is crucial because it improves the

researchers comprehension of the data and how it relates to the research objectives.

4.3.1 Effectiveness

Numbers 1 to 4 in questionnaires is a question that will answer the effectiveness

of the product to answer one of the statements of the problem. The answers to questions

regarding the significance of repellents, encounters with mosquito bites in particular

settings, such as school bathroom.These answer are crucial for evaluating the efficacy of

the mosquito control strategies in place and contrasting them with the possible efficacy of

the diffusers based rosemary, peppermint and oregano oil. By looking at these factors, the

study learns more about the viability and effectiveness of creative and all-natural

mosquito control methods.

4.3.2 Sustainability

Sustainability will be reflected on the number 5 and 6 to answer the sustainability

and the ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time. This will answer

one of the statements of the problems that the materials of products are sustainable and

will do no or little harm to the environment. This analysis section on sustainability in the

study. The feedback that was gathered is essential for evaluating the viability and

sustainability of using natural oil-based diffusers to control mosquitoes in various

settings. The study gains important insights into potential of oil based diffusers

containing essentials oils such as rosemary, peppermint and oregano as workable and

environmentally sustainable solutions for mosquito control by assessing participants

beliefs about the effectiveness of oil based repellents in preventing mosquito bites and

their willingness to adopt protective measure in line with eco friendly practices,like using

natural ingredients. Many people have positive opinions about keeping mosquito

prevention measures. This perspective indicates belief in the long term advantages of

such precautions for avoiding mosquito related problems. Individuals appear to realize

that over a period of time, they may lower the risks of mosquito bites and create a safer

atmosphere by regularly employing preventive measures.

4.3.3 Usefulness

The usefulness will be answered from question number 7 to 9. This positive

response suggests that people are appreciating the usefulness of these tools in their

everyday lives and in preventing mosquito illness and avoiding going to hospital because

of dengue. These answers provide important background information for assessing the

real world effects of using oil based diffusers as a safe, all natural mosquito

repellent.This study can obtain insights into the perceived utility and importance of

implementing efficient mosquito control methods particularly in settings like schools, by

learning about the respondents level of concern regarding mosquito bites and their

encounters with severe reactions. This data is essential for determining the viability and

effects of utilizing oil based diffusers in practical situations especially when addressing

health concerns related to mosquito diseases.

4.3.4 Aesthetics
 The aesthetics will be reflected by question number 10. This section of the

analysis explored participants' perceptions on the aesthetic appeal of the mosquito

repellents. It makes a connection between aesthetic features and study related factors

including usability, user preferences and environmental effects. Furthermore, employing

mosquito repellents with nice scents like those composed of natural ingredients is widely

accepted especially in school environments. It also implies that users appreciate the

product's sensory appreciation and aesthetics. Incorporating visually appealing mosquito

repellents into everyday routines is a sign of an integrated approach to mosquito

protection that promotes both functionality and user pleasure.This aspects offers

important insights on how the visual elements may affect the use and acceptance of oil

based diffuser as a sustainable and natural way to keep mosquitoes away. Researchers

can access the wider appeal and possible effectiveness of such natural solutions in

practical applications by having a better understanding of these dynamics.

4.4 Analysis of Frequency

Strongly Agree 5

Agree 4

Neutral 3

Disagree 2

Strongly Disagree 1
Table 2: Frequency List Table

According to SimplyPsychology.Org, The Likert scale usually has five options for

answering a question or statement. People can choose how much they agree or disagree, or how

they feel, from positive to negative. It helps understand opinions and feelings easily. The
response categories in the Likert scales have a rank order, but the intervals between values

cannot be presumed equal. Therefore, the mean (and standard deviation) is inappropriate for

ordinal data (Jamieson, 2004).

The Likert scale is chosen in this context because it provides a structured and consistent

way to measure the respondent's level of agreement or disagreement with the given statements. It

allows for a quantitative analysis of the opinions and helps to identify the general consensus

among the participants.

Strongly Agree - According to Britannica, “Strongly agree is a response option in Likert

scales, which are used to measure either positive or negative response to a statement. In studies

where answer options are coded numerically”. The "Strongly Agree" response option allows

participants to express their strong positive alignment with the given statement. When analyzing

the collected data, researchers can assign numerical values to each response, with "Strongly

Agree" typically receiving the highest value. Researchers can obtain valuable insights into the

extent to which respondents agree with specific statements, allowing them to better understand

the participants' perspectives and experiences.

Agree - The frequency of “Agree (4)” responses highlights the recognition of the

importance and relevance of the research in addressing significant health and environmental

issues while exploring innovative solutions for mosquito repellency. This study is significant

because it tackles these issues in a lot of different ways, using both scientific inquiry with a quest

for innovative solutions. By studying how mosquitoes behave and testing different repellents, the
research aims not only to stop diseases from spreading but also to reduce the harm traditional

repellents can cause to the environment.

Neutral - According to Nawaz Ahmad, it has been observed that respondents who are not

willing to answer a particular question put a check on Neutral. It is just like an escape for those

respondents which ultimately divert the results and the true essence can’t be achieved. It

highlights a common issue in questionnaires where respondents who do not wish to answer a

specific question might choose the "Neutral" option instead. This practice can distort the results

and prevent the true essence of the data from being accurately captured. It may encourage

respondents to choose this option out of convenience or lack of interest, which could result in a

higher number of incomplete or insincere responses. This could affect the overall quality of the

data collected and limit the insights gained from the study.

Disagree - Many people don't agree that tools for mosquito bites and oil-based repellents

work well. They doubt these methods because they might have tried them before and found them

ineffective. Some also just don't trust natural remedies. People who disagree often don't believe

these tools and repellents can really keep mosquitoes away. This shows that there's a need to

address concerns about how well these methods work. By giving clear information and educating

people about the benefits and limitations of different repellent options, we can help build trust

and confidence in effective mosquito control measures.

Strongly Disagree - Base on Law Insider, "strongly disagree with one of the scales as

“No comment”, which will neither be counted as agree nor disagree in the calculation of
the Outcome Standards." By offering an additional choice, this option addresses the limitations

of traditional scales that force individuals to choose between agreeing or disagreeing with a

statement, even when they may have mixed feelings or lack sufficient knowledge on the topic.

This flexibility encourages honest responses and reduces the potential for skewed results caused

by participants feeling pressured to make a choice they may not fully agree with. Moreover, the

presence of a "No comment" option can enhance the reliability and validity of the scale. It allows

researchers to identify participants who are genuinely unsure about their stance on a particular

issue, which can be crucial in understanding the broader population's attitudes and opinions. This

information can help researchers refine their questions or approaches to better capture the

nuances of people's thoughts and feelings.

4.5 Analysis of Answers

Phase One: Quantitative Interpretation of Results

The researchers will further explain the respondent’s answer for each question and will

be converted through percentage, the result will be presented through table and descriptive form.

The first table will be the result of the controlled group consisting of 60 respondents, this group

did not experience the product. The second table will be the result of the experimental group

which also consists of 60 respondents, this group experience and observe the product.

This table is the answer of the 60 students (respondents) of this research that choose their

answer in strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree as their choices. This
table is for a controlled group, this group/subject does not experience the product, they answer

based on their prior knowledge without any explanation from the researchers about the product.

4.5.1 PHASE ONE

Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Questions Disagree (2) (3) (4) Agree (5)
(1)

1. I agree that mosquito repellents are 0 0 2 23 35

important and useful in high risk areas in
dengue.

2. I encounter mosquito bites while using 8 15 13 17 7

the school bathroom.

3. I think the presence of mosquitoes is 3 6 22 19 10

abundant in our school.

4. I think the tool for mosquito bites I used 0 0 18 25 17

as a protection is effective.

5. I think oil-based mosquito repellent will 0 0 13 28 9

prevent insect bites.

6. I agree to use protective measures or 0 0 3 30 27

tools against mosquitoes.

7. I am concerned about reducing mosquito 0 6 7 18 29

bites.

8. I had experienced going to the hospital 24 15 5 4 12

because of insect bites.

9. I agree to using oil-based mosquito 0 0 9 28 23

repellent in school to protect myself from
mosquito bites.

10. I agree with using oil-based mosquito 0 0 8 29 23

repellent because of its natural ingredients
and in addition to bathrooms aesthetics.

Table 3: Controlled Group Table

● Item (i): In all of the students, 35 (58%) out of 60 strongly agree that mosquito repellents

are important in high risk areas. While 23 students (38%) out of 60 agree, and 2 (3%)

students are neutral that mosquito repellents are important in high risk areas. Out of 60

respondents in the controlled group, no one strongly disagrees and disagrees that

mosquito repellents are not important in high risk areas.

● Item (ii): 17 (28%) of the students agree that they encounter and experience mosquitoes

bites in school bathroom, 15 (25%) students disagree that they encounter mosquitoes

bites in school, 13 (22%) are neutral, 8 (13%) strongly disagree, and 7 (12%) strongly

agree that they encounter mosquitoes bites in school. As a result, most of them encounter

mosquito bites in school bathrooms.

● Item (iii): Most of the students are neutral that mosquitoes are abundant in school. 22

(37%) students are neutral, 19 (32%) students agree, 10 (17%) students strongly agree, 6

(10%) students disagree, and 3 (5%) students strongly disagree. Overall, students are

neutral in answering the question that mosquitoes are abundant in school.

● Item (iv): Out of 60 students, 25 (42%) students agree that their tool in protecting

themselves from mosquitoes is effective, 18 (30%) are neutral, and 17 (28%) of the

students strongly agree that their tool in protecting themselves from mosquitoes is

effective. No one in the students strongly disagrees nor disagrees that their tool in

mosquitoes is not effective as a protection in mosquito bites.

● Item (v): Most of the students think that oil-based mosquito repellent will prevent insect

bites. 38 (63%) out of 60 students agree, 13 (22%) students are neutral, and 9 (15%)
 students agree that oil-based mosquito repellent will prevent insect bites. None of the

students strongly disagree nor disagree with the question.

● Item (vi): 30 (50%) students agree to use protective measures or tools against mosquitoes,

and 27 (45%) of the students strongly agree, 3 (8%) of the students are neutral, and no

one answers that they are strongly disagree nor disagree in use of protective measures or

tools against mosquitoes.

● Item (vii): In this item, 29 (48%) of the students strongly agree that they are concerned

about reducing mosquito bites. 18 (30%) of the students agree, and 7 (12%) of the

students are neutral and concerned about reducing mosquito bites. Moreover, 6 (10%) of

the students disagree and none of the students strongly disagree that they are concerned

about reducing the mosquito bites.

● Item (viii): Out of 60 students, 24 (40%) of them strongly disagree in experiencing going

to hospitals because of insect bites. 15 (25%) of the students disagree, 5 (8%) of the

students are neutral. 12 (40%) out of 60 of them strongly agree, and 4 (7%) of the

students agree that they already experienced going to hospitals because of insect bites.

Therefore, most of the students did not experience going to hospital because of insect

bites.

● Item (ix): Most of the students agreed to use oil-based mosquito repellent in school,

especially in bathrooms to protect themselves from mosquito bites. 28 (47%) of the

students agree, 23 (38%) strongly agree, and 9 (15%) of the students are neutral, none of

the students strongly disagree nor disagree with the use of oil-based mosquito repellent in

school to protect themselves from mosquito bites.

 ● Item (x): In this item, 29 (48%) out of the students agree, 23 (38%) of the students

strongly agree, and 8 (13%) of the students out of 60 (100%) are favor in adding or

putting oil-based mosquito repellent because of its natural ingredients, also to add

aesthetics in the school bathrooms.

This second table is the answer of the 60 students (respondents) of this research that

choose their answer in strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree as their

choices. This table is for an experimental group. This group/subject experiences the product, and

these students respond based on the researcher's explanation about the benefits, uses, and

importance of the product.

Questions Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagree (2) (3) (4) Agree (5)
(1)

1. I agree that mosquito repellents are 3 0 3 27 27

important and useful in high risk areas in
dengue.

2. I encounter mosquito bites while using 6 10 15 21 8

the school bathroom.

3. I think the presence of mosquitoes is 4 9 19 16 12

abundant in our school.

4. I think the tool for mosquito bites I used 1 7 15 25 12

as a protection is effective.

5. I think oil-based mosquito repellent will 1 2 17 27 13

prevent insect bites.

6. I agree to use protective measures or 1 1 8 34 16

tools against mosquitoes.

7. I am concerned about reducing mosquito 0 2 9 29 20

bites.

8. I had experienced going to the hospital 27 17 5 6 5

because of insect bites.
 9. I agree to using oil-based mosquito 0 2 16 27 15
repellent in school to protect myself from
mosquito bites.

10. I agree with using oil-based mosquito 0 1 10 32 17

repellent because of its natural ingredients
and in addition to bathrooms aesthetics.

Table 4: Experimental Group Table

● Item (i): Out of 60 students, 3 (5%) of them strongly disagree that mosquito repellents are

important in high risk areas and none of them disagree. 3 (5%) of the students are neutral

that mosquito repellents are important in high risk areas. 27 (45%) of them agree and 27

(45%) strongly agree that mosquito repellents should be placed in high risk areas because

of their importance.

● Item (ii): 6 (10%) of the students strongly disagree that they encounter mosquito bites

while using school bathrooms and 10 (17%) of them disagree. 15 (25%) of the students

are neutral in answering that they encounter mosquito bites while using school

bathrooms. Overall, 21 (35%) of the students agree that they encounter mosquito bites

while using the bathrooms and 8 (13%) of them strongly agree.

● Item (iii): Most of the students are neutral that there is an abundant presence of

mosquitoes in school. 19 (32%) of them are neutral, 16 (27%) of them agree and 12

(20%) of them strongly agree that there is an abundant presence of mosquitoes in school.

Out of 60 students, 4 (6%) of them strongly disagree and 9 (15%) disagree.

● Item (iv): 25 (42%) of the students agree, 12 (20%) strongly agree, 15 (25%) are neutral,

7 (12%) disagree, and 1 (1%) strongly disagree that the tool for mosquito bites they are

using are effective and enough to protect themselves.

● Item (v): Out of 60 students (respondents) 27 (45%) of them agree, 13 (22%) strongly

agree, 17 (28%) are neutral, 1 (1%) strongly disagree, and 2 (3%) disagree that oil-based

mosquito repellent that will be placed in school bathrooms will prevent insect bites.

● Item (vi): In this item, 34 (56%) of the students agree to use a protective tool against

mosquito bites. 16 (27%) out of 60 students strongly agree, 8 (13%) of them are neutral

to using protective tools against mosquito bites and 1 (1%) of them strongly disagree and

disagree.

● Item (vii): None of the 60 (100%) students strongly disagree that they are concerned in

reducing mosquito bites. 2 (3%) of them disagree, 9 (15%) are neutral, 29 (48%) of them

agree, and 20 (33%) strongly agree. In conclusion, most of the students agree that they

are concerned in reducing mosquito bites.

● Item (viii): Out of 60, 27 (45%) of them strongly disagree that they experienced going to

hospital because of insect bites, especially mosquitoes. And 17 (28%) of them disagree,

and 5 (8%) are neutral which means they either experienced or did not experience going

to hospital because of insect bites. 6 (10%) of them agree and 5 (8%) strongly agree that

they experience going to hospitals because of mosquito bites.

● Item (ix): Most of the students agreed to use oil-based mosquito repellent in school

bathrooms to protect themselves in mosquito bites. None of them strongly disagree, 2

(3%) of them disagree, 16 (26%) are neutral, 27 (45%) agree, and 15 (25%) of them

strongly agree. This result shows that most of them want to use a oil-based mosquito

repellent that will protect them in mosquito bites.

● Item (x): None of the students strongly disagree to use oil-based mosquito repellent. 1

(1%) of them disagree, 10 (16%) of them are neutral, 32 (53%) of them agree, and 17
 (28%) of them strongly agree. This result concludes that most students agree to use oil-

based mosquito repellent as to protect themselves in mosquito bites and in addition to

bathroom aesthetics.

Phase Two: Qualitative Interpretation Result of Observation

Researcher’s cannot perform the actual effectiveness of the product by the presence of a

human and a mosquito for safety purposes of the researchers, but they used an alternative way to

test its scent. To prove the product’s effectiveness, researchers provide various reviews of related

literature. To further test the long lasting scent of the product, researchers put sample products in

every senior high school bathroom (total of 8 bathrooms, 4 for male and 4 for female) of

Munting Ilog Integrated National High School. Before putting each product, researchers were

tasked to ask the grade level coordinator in Grade 11 and 12 before putting it in every bathroom.

To observe its scent, every 2 hours researchers with the presidents check the bathroom’s smell.

The scent of the product varies in the area and how often students go to the bathroom. On the

first floor, the men’s bathroom was open and students often used it and the women's bathroom

was closed, also often used by the students. On the second floor, the men and women’s bathroom

was an open area. On the third floor, the men’s bathroom was closed and not often used but the

women’s bathroom was open and often used by the students. On the fourth floor, the men’s

bathroom was open and often used by the students and the women’s bathroom was closed and

not often used by students.

 After putting the sample product in every bathroom, researchers excused the presidents of

the rooms beside the bathrooms for product observation. To observe properly the product scent

intensity, the president was asked to rate its intensity from light, medium, and high. Researchers

placed the product around 9:40 am and negotiated to have the president's time during lunch time

to observe the scent after two (2) hours. In the morning, as soon as the product was placed on all

floors at the same time, presidents were asked if they smelled the product's scent. The president's

response was at the beginning (9:40 am) they said that the scent intensity was light. After two

hours, (11:40 am) researchers asked again the president's observation on the scent intensity. On

the first floor, both of the president's responses to the product's scent intensity were light even if

the area’s environment is different. On the second floor, the men’s bathroom scent intensity was

medium as for president even if it's an open area while the women’s bathroom scent intensity

was light and it’s an open area. On the third floor, the men’s scent intensity was medium because

of its closed area and not often used by the students while the women’s bathroom scent intensity

was light because the area was open and often used. On the fourth floor, the intensity of both

bathrooms based on the presidents are medium.

Four (4) hours after putting the product around 3 o’clock in the afternoon, researcher’s

asked for the president's time and response to the product. On the first and second floor the scent

intensity became medium, on the third floor the men’s bathroom scent intensity was still medium

and the women’s bathroom scent intensity was still light, on the fourth floor both of the

bathroom scent intensity was medium.

4.6 Statistics Analysis

 The researchers used a paired t-test. A paired t-test is used to compare two population

means where you have two samples in which observations in one sample can be paired with

observations in the other sample (Shier R., 2004).

Paired Experimental Controlled Xd Xd- X d (Xd- X d)²

Sample (N) Group (Se) Group (Sc) (Se-Sc)

60 3.946666667 3.565 0.381666667 0.001666667 0.553046667

Table 5: Paired T-test Table

To get the final decision, researcher’s used the formula tc = (X̄d – μd) / (s/√n). Where

the paired experimental (Se) and controlled (Sc) group subtracted from each other (Xd (Se-

Sc)) to get its mean and was subtracted to the mean of each sample group (Xd- X d). The

result of each sample group mean was squared.

tc = (X̄d – μd) / (s/√n).

tc= (0.38) / (0.56/√ 60)

T critical= 5.26

Figure 2: T-table
To test the variances of the experimental and controlled group, we used the two hypotheses (null

and alternative hypothesis). The hypotheses testing of this study is as follow:

Null Hypothesis (Ho) – There is no significant difference between the variances of the

control and experimental group.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) – There is a significant difference between the variances of

the control and experimental group.

The result of the t critical and graph concludes the final decision of the statistics. The

significant level is bigger than t-table (0.05%), the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and

the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This means that there is a different result to the student's

answer before discussing the product’s significance and after discussing the product’s

significance. To show the difference of the significance, whether it is bigger or smaller the

researcher’s used the IMathAS hypothesis test graph generator.

4.7 Discussion

These results are drawn from the respondent’s answer in questionnaires and based on the

president’s observation in Munting Ilog Integrated National High School senior high bathrooms.

The data analysis objective is to know if the students' decision on oil-based mosquito repellent to

prevent further problems in school. This is also used as a basis to know if there will be a

difference in the student's decision before and after discussing the significance, uses, and benefits
of the product. In this chapter, the quantitative results of the respondents were discussed in a

detailed manner. These results were also converted into percentage rate of responses in every

question in questionnaires and the final conclusion of the statistics analysis. This chapter reveals

that students sometimes experienced mosquito bites inside the school and they want to have a

way to prevent further casualties. It also reveals that most of the students already experienced

going to hospital because of insect bites, it only means that this product will be so much useful in

preventing the mosquitoes further casualties in students and also to the faculty members of the

school.

The result of the statistical computation using t-test, the result shows that there is any

significant difference between experimental and controlled group. The result t-test is 5.26, the t-

test is compared to t-table with the degree of freedom 59 as stated hypothesis testing and shown

in the graph, the t-test 5.26is higher than the t-table 1.671. Therefore, with the theory of the

hypothesis testing, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This means that there is a different result to

the student's answer before discussing the product’s significance and after discussing the

product’s significance. “Repellents should protect against the biting insects for a preferably long

period of time and cause no adverse reactions” (Lupi et al., 2013). Because most of the natural

repellents are plant based that can be produced by the time and days passes, along with the plants

giving the people its protection it should also protect people from further reactions and it should

be safer than the chemical products in the market. Natural resources are safer than the

commercial products in the market that can be used without any allergic reaction. According to

Asadollahi et al., (2019), plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional

practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Many studies
have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria

vectors worldwide. Along with the technology advancements, health and safety should be also

advanced to protect people especially kids and older people. Studies about the evidence of oil-

based repellent effectiveness are visible in every sources because many people already conducted

its study to prove its effectiveness.