Group 6 - Chapter 1
Group 6 - Chapter 1
Group 6 - Chapter 1
Richmindale Institute
___________________________________
Balagosa, Gleryll
Sta. Ana, Justine Francis
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The movement towards digital methods of communication has shifted traditional educational
frameworks, introducing innovative opportunities for group learning and enhancing student
participation. The introduction of online learning, significantly highlighted by the global events
like the COVID-19 pandemic, has made platforms such as Google Meet essential for sustaining
education continuity. It's crucial to grasp how these digital tools affect student engagement in
Digital communication technologies have transformed the educational field, allowing teachers to
overcome geographical obstacles and encourage a more interactive learning environment. Faced
with an increased need for distant education solutions, Richmindale Institute has adopted Google
Meet for conducting live online sessions for its students. Nevertheless, to fully exploit this
technological advantage, it's critical to conduct empirical studies on its influence on student
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Google Meet in boosting student engagement
within the Grade 12 cohort at Richmindale Institute, aiming to shed light on its impact on their
How do online learning sessions via Google Meet fare against conventional classroom settings
What are the benefits and setbacks perceived by Grade 12 students in using Google Meet for
How much does technological skill, the size of the class, and instructional methods affect student
Null Hypothesis: There exists no significant discrepancy in engagement levels between students
participating in online learning through Google Meet and those receiving traditional classroom
Alternative Hypothesis: Google Meet enhances student engagement and interaction more than
traditional classroom formats, leading to improved educational results for Grade 12 students.
their use of Google Meet for real-time online learning. It aims to explore various aspects of
interactions. Nevertheless, its focus is confined to a specific educational level within the institute
and could be affected by external factors like internet quality and availability of digital tools.
a process or system showing the key inputs, resulting outputs, necessary controls and essential
enablers of a system life cycle that is used to approach in systems analysis and software
engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or other process.
information on basil oil properties. Additionally, it involves preparing the materials needed for
the experiments, ensuring all necessary equipment and supplies are available for the research
process.
Once the input is secured, the next phase is a process, wherein various tests, including
user surveys and real-world evaluations, are conducted. The collected data is systematically
The final phase, which is the output, encompasses the conclusion and recommendations
based on the research findings. Concrete results from testing and data analysis are compiled,
suggestions are presented to guide future actions, emphasizing the tangible impact of deploying
researchers looking for other ways to control mosquito populations. Results of this study would
To the Student. This study will help students of Munting Ilog Integrated National High School
by providing insights into potential effective solutions for mosquito repellency. It will help
students to have a comfortable learning environment and reduce the disruptions caused by
mosquito issues.
To the School. This study will benefit school administrators as they enhance the overall well-
being of students and staff and foster a productive and healthier environment or educational
setting.
To the Teacher. This study will benefit teachers since they play a crucial role maintaining a
without interruptions.
To the Future Researchers. This study will help future researchers as it serves as a foundation
if they are interested in exploring natural alternatives for mosquito control. It could guide them
mosquito repellents.
Diffuser - It is a device that is used to spread heat across an area. (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023)
Mosquito - It is a common flying insect and when it bites the common reaction would be itching
Mosquito Repellent - It is a chemical substance that is applied to the body to prevent the
CHAPTER 2
This chapter is the discussion of the literature from different sources such as articles, books,
journals, and the result of other related research to which the present study is related.
source of illness and death. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood
morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-
Saharan Africa. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the
disease incidence.” The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously
Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop
new eco-friendly repellents could be a solution to scale back the bad effects on environment and
human health. Moreover, according to Assadolahi (et al. 2019) “In recent years, interest in plant-
based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that
are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal
of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world”.
From the past few years, plant based repellents have been revived because of its preview effects
that helped the population to have a convenient solution to prevent and protect the people from
bites of mosquitoes. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the
development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Plant oils may serve as
suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive,
According to Sharma (et al. 2023) “Plant-based (natural) and chemical-based products
are both used (synthetic) as mosquito repellents, which come in a variety of forms such as
mosquito repellent coils, mosquito repeller oil, and so on, are becoming more popular around the
world as vector-borne viral diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and Malaria become more
prevalent. The best alternative to the optimal formulation is determined by a number of elements,
including the type of repellent (natural or synthetic), medicinal forms (spray, lotion, cream, gel),
duration of action (short or long), exposure environment, and user (adult, pregnant women,
children, newborn).” Plant-based (natural) and chemical-based products are both used (synthetic)
as a mosquito repellents, which come in a variety of forms such as mosquito repellent coils,
mosquito repeller oil, and so on, are becoming more popular around the world as vector-borne
viral diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and Malaria become more prevalent. The best
alternative to the optimal formulation is determined by a number of elements, including the type
of repellent (natural or synthetic), medicinal forms (spray, lotion, cream, gel), duration of action
(short or long), exposure environment, and user (adult, pregnant women, children, newborn).
and natural substitute for chemical-based solutions. It aims to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne
illnesses like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus by effectively protecting against mosquito
bites. It seeks for new plant species with repelling qualities and ways to improve formulations.
According to Journal Arthropod Borne Dis. (2018) Essential oils are being presented as
green insecticides, and many of them are considered non-toxic to humans and animals, as well as
safe and environmentally beneficial. Essential oil’s repellent action is an excellent technique of
managing biting insects, including bed bugs; and they can be applied to belongings, fabric items,
and furniture for preventing bed bugs from entering the house. These substances are effective
substitutes for synthetic insecticides and can help to postpone the development of insect pest
resistance. Oregano is also one of the effective plants that can be an oil for repelling mosquitoes,
the oil of Oregano is known as a powerful antiseptic and insect repellent. It contains active
compounds like carvacrol, thymol, and -terpinene, which have been shown to be particularly
oregano oil and its main component carvacrol against Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), a
According to Mi Young Lee, (2018) Many ways for improving the repellant efficacy of
Essential Oils have been described. The most commonly reported general strategy for increasing
repellent efficacy is to combine numerous Essential Oils from different plants, resulting in a
synergistic effect. Stated by Benaid (2019) Containing Oregano oil extracts are more effective
repellents than containing simple lemongrass or oregano oil extracts in terms of Candles.
Based on the research findings of Tisgratog et al. (2016), 37 plant species from 14
families have been shown to have mosquito-repelling properties in Thailand, where there is a
long tradition of using plants with such properties. An excito-repellency test system was used to
further describe nine plant species, and the results showed that five essential oils that were
isolated from certain plants had promising repellent effects. In areas where conventional vector
control techniques would be less successful, this study emphasizes the possibility of botanical
essential oils as better alternatives for synthetic chemicals. In consideration of the continuous
difficulties caused by pesticide resistance in vector species, knowing the efficacy of these natural
products is essential in enhancing tools for individual protection and promoting public health
initiatives.
affordable and long lasting mosquito control solution, it helps for the sake of public health and
wellbeing.
Muller et al. (2009) conducted a study with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of oil-
diffusers with different concentrations of the active components were used in the controlled
studies. The findings demonstrated that every material examined provided a significant level of
repellency when compared to the exposed control, with diffusers often displaying higher
repellency rates than candles. “The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of oil-based
repellents as viable alternatives for repellents made of synthetic chemicals, with geraniol
showing the greatest repellent activity both indoors and outdoors. The study also addresses issues
raised by various previous study methods by highlighting the significance of standardized testing
techniques and quality control measures in assessing the efficacy of natural repellents. “
In order to combat Anopheles mosquitoes, which are known to be malaria vectors, plant-
according to Khoobdel et al. (2019). Traditional knowledge leads to the identification of plants
that are efficient repellents; research shows that essential oils and extracts from a variety of
botanical sources are useful. Results showed significant protection durations and strong
repellency rates for substances such as extract from peppermint. These natural repellents address
concern about the effects of chemical repellents on the environment and the risks that they bring
to human health. They also offer safe, biodegradable alternatives that could be extremely
important in overall vector management programs. The effectiveness and safety of plant-based
repellents must be ensured by standardized testing procedures, which emphasize the significance
diseases in the Philippines by investigating the efficacy of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and
lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts as plant-based insect repellents for diffusers. Within
a mosquito box net, they tested three different blends of the extracts, each with varying
proportions of oregano and lemongrass. Notably, the blend containing 25% oregano and 75%
lemongrass extract exhibited the highest efficacy, boasting a repellency rate of 100%. These
findings suggest that plant-based repellents can serve as viable replacements for synthetic
mosquito diffusers, which can effectively repel mosquitoes and minimize human-vector contact.
Sutthanont et al. (2022) examined the effectiveness of ten undiluted essential oils as mosquito
repellents against three different species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles dirus, and Culex
essential oils, including peppermint, with protection lasting from 120 to 360 minutes (about 6
hours). Through the utilization of essential oils' repellent qualities, individuals can protect
themselves against mosquito bites and reduce the spread of illnesses such as dengue, malaria,
and filariasis.
According to Rehman et al. (2014), using plant-based repellents and oil-based mosquito
diffusers offers an alternative solution for the growing threat caused by disease-carrying
mosquitoes in the midst of global environmental changes. Traditional methods utilizing plant-
based repellents, such as essential oils, provide a sustainable substitute for synthetic chemicals.
Although differences in testing procedures make it difficult to measure how repellent they are,
developments like synergists and formulation approaches have the potential to increase efficacy.
Ethnobotanical surveys have revealed plants that have been used as repellents in several regions,
According to Marks (2023), “My conventional mosquito repellents have the chemicals
DEET or picaridin as active ingredients. But there are more natural mosquito repellents available
that may also be effective. If you live in an area where mosquitoes are more of a mild nuisance,
The active components in many traditional insect repellents include DEET or picaridin.
However, there are other natural repellents for mosquitoes that can work as well. When living in
a community with high mosquito rates, organic repellents are suitable for a community that are
rich from organic resources. Also, herbs as insect repellents might be a useful substitute for
inorganic repellents if you live in a place where mosquitoes are just a minor annoyance.
weigh the arguments for and against their use. While natural options are often preferred for their
perceived health and environmental benefits, their effectiveness can vary.” Natural options or
organic alternatives can minimize the potential harm to our ecosystem. Compared to chemical
contained repellents it may offer shorter duration of protection, While natural options are often
preferred for their perceived health and environmental benefits, their effectiveness can vary.
According to Roy (et al. 2017), “In recent years, a large number of insect repellents have
been developed with the idea of consumer benefits. In addition to the already known
advantageous application of insect repellents, there is increasing concern about the potential
toxicity in the environment leading to health caused by random use of these compounds. An
increasing amount of evidence suggests that insect repellents may trigger undesirable hazardous
interactions with biological systems with a potential to generate harmful effects including
intermediate metabolites.” In the past few years a large number of insect repellents were created
with the ideas and common issues of the consumers benefits. An increase of toxicity in the
environment may damage its health because of its use of these compounds. Synthetic repellents
may trigger unintentional hazardous interactions with the biological systems. In developing this
such compounds may affect its natural effect on organic repellents that are considered safe to
Chapter 3
Methodology
The methods of research that the researcher will use to carry out the study are presented
in this chapter. These methods include the research design, study population, development of the
research instrument and determining its validity and reliability, data collection techniques, and
Research Design
The researcher used quantitative methods to create this study. In an attempt to promote
and accomplish the study's objectives, the researcher made an effort to find solutions to the
previously mentioned issue. Similarly, it also made an effort to understand the various influences
on their way of life. Sis International Research (n.d.) defines quantitative research as an
organized approach to gathering and examining data from various sources. To get results,
experimental research. A systematic study that blends the elements of experimental and
recording, and analyzing the current conditions or behaviors within a particular context in order
to make meaningful conclusions. The goal of this design is to present a thorough representation
of the topic being studied, making it possible to spot patterns, connections, or modifications that
Population
In this study, the main goal is to find out how well diffusers containing oils of rosemary,
peppermint, and oregano work to keep mosquitoes away from school bathrooms. The target
population of this study are the students at Munting Ilog Integrated National High School since it
is most directly impacted by mosquitoes in school bathrooms. This study aims to bring insights
into the possible advantages of employing natural oils as a substitute to lessen mosquito-related
This research intends to give thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of diffusers based
on rosemary, peppermint, and oregano as mosquito repellents in school bathrooms. In this study
60 students from Munting Ilog Integrated National High School will make up the study’s sample.
This study will use a sampling technique of probability sampling with a focus on Simple random
sampling. It ensures that every participant has an equal chance of being selected in the study.
Since there is no bias during the selection process, this randomization technique guarantees a fair
choice of participants.
By using this sampling technique, researchers may get more information about how well
natural oils work as a mosquito repellent in school bathrooms,which can help design workable
Research Instrument
In this study, researchers will use the research instrument survey/questionnaires as a tool
to gather the data to provide the information needed in this study. Researcher’s choose a survey
as a research instrument because it is a set of questions to collect from the respondents to answer
the study’s statement of the problem. Survey is one of the reliable sources to get the information
along with the protection of the respondent’s anonymity in giving their own opinion and
preferences in this study. This survey will be a likert scale method that will help the study to
understand the respondent’s opinion and preference whereas the respondent’s have an option to
rank their opinions and choose from five (5) different choices, strongly disagree, disagree,
According to Siddharth (2009), statistical treatment of data is important to make sure that
data are used in the right form. Also, organization of data is important to use to draw appropriate
conclusions. Therefore, to have a proper and suitable data interpretation, researchers will use the
A paired t-test is used to compare two population means where you have two samples in
which observations in one sample can be paired with observations in the other sample (Shier R.,
2004). It is divided into different populations, it aims to get the significant difference of the two
groups and compare one another in observations from zero until to its difference. This can be
used if the researchers will measure two different groups (e.g., taking a test without prior
knowledge under the “experimental” group and completing the test under the “controlled”
group).
General Formula
Where:
The paired sample t-test technique should be performed corresponding with the following
statistical formula.
Formula:
Xd = XE - XC
Where:
XE = Experimental group
XC = Control group
B. Mean Difference
Formula:
X̄ d = ΣXd / n
Where:
Formula:
Where:
Formula:
α = 1 – Confidence Level
df = n – 1
Where:
α = Level of significance
df = Degrees of freedom
t = Critical t-value
E. Calculated t-Value
Formula:
Where:
tc = Computed t-value
Chapter 4
To further analyze this study, this chapter will provide the result and discussion from the
data collected through the survey. It is necessary to analyze the presented data to answer the
research questions, statement of the problem, and to test the hypothesis. This data will be
data collected. The analysis of data will have two phases. The first phase will be based on
questionnaires through surveys that will deal with the quantitative analysis of data. The second
phase will be based on the result that is a qualitative interpretation of observations in the
bathroom of the senior high school building in Munting Ilog Integrated National High School
(MIINHS).
To complete this study, researcher’s choose the respective respondents for this study. The
overall respondents are 60 students from Munting Ilog Integrated National High School
(MIINHS). Out of 60 students, 15 (25%) of the respondents are Grade 12, 32 (53%) of the
respondents are from Grade 11, 8 (13%) of the respondents are Grade 10, and 5 (8%) of the
respondents are from Grade 9. The respondents taking part in this research are students who are
directly affected by the mosquito population, especially in the school bathrooms. About 60
students are part of the study, chosen using a method called Simple Random Sampling, which
makes sure everyone has an equal chance to be in the study. This method helps researchers learn
a lot about how well diffusers with rosemary, peppermint, and oregano oils work to keep
mosquitoes away in school bathrooms. Using surveys/questionnaires lets the researchers gather
the data we need to look into the problem we're studying. The surveys use a Likert scale, where
respondents can say if they strongly disagree, disagree, are neutral, agree, or strongly agree. This
way, everyone's opinions are private while still getting useful data for our study's goals.
7 12- ABM
5 12- ICT
3 12- GAS
7 11- STEM
5 11- HUMSS 1
5 11- HUMSS 2
5 11- HUMSS 3
5 11- ABM
5 11- ICT
5 Grade 10
3 Grade 10
5 Grade 9
Table 1: Respondent’s Table
This section focuses on the Analysis of Questionnaires related to the research. Checking
the ideas and hypothesis is the aim of this analysis, The researchers want to guarantee that the
data is accurate and relevant to study. They will also consider how these results are applied to
further research which will add significance to the study. It is crucial because it improves the
researchers comprehension of the data and how it relates to the research objectives.
4.3.1 Effectiveness
of the product to answer one of the statements of the problem. The answers to questions
settings, such as school bathroom.These answer are crucial for evaluating the efficacy of
the mosquito control strategies in place and contrasting them with the possible efficacy of
the diffusers based rosemary, peppermint and oregano oil. By looking at these factors, the
study learns more about the viability and effectiveness of creative and all-natural
4.3.2 Sustainability
and the ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time. This will answer
one of the statements of the problems that the materials of products are sustainable and
will do no or little harm to the environment. This analysis section on sustainability in the
study. The feedback that was gathered is essential for evaluating the viability and
settings. The study gains important insights into potential of oil based diffusers
containing essentials oils such as rosemary, peppermint and oregano as workable and
their willingness to adopt protective measure in line with eco friendly practices,like using
natural ingredients. Many people have positive opinions about keeping mosquito
prevention measures. This perspective indicates belief in the long term advantages of
such precautions for avoiding mosquito related problems. Individuals appear to realize
that over a period of time, they may lower the risks of mosquito bites and create a safer
4.3.3 Usefulness
response suggests that people are appreciating the usefulness of these tools in their
everyday lives and in preventing mosquito illness and avoiding going to hospital because
of dengue. These answers provide important background information for assessing the
real world effects of using oil based diffusers as a safe, all natural mosquito
repellent.This study can obtain insights into the perceived utility and importance of
learning about the respondents level of concern regarding mosquito bites and their
encounters with severe reactions. This data is essential for determining the viability and
effects of utilizing oil based diffusers in practical situations especially when addressing
4.3.4 Aesthetics
The aesthetics will be reflected by question number 10. This section of the
repellents. It makes a connection between aesthetic features and study related factors
mosquito repellents with nice scents like those composed of natural ingredients is widely
accepted especially in school environments. It also implies that users appreciate the
protection that promotes both functionality and user pleasure.This aspects offers
important insights on how the visual elements may affect the use and acceptance of oil
based diffuser as a sustainable and natural way to keep mosquitoes away. Researchers
can access the wider appeal and possible effectiveness of such natural solutions in
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Neutral 3
Disagree 2
Strongly Disagree 1
Table 2: Frequency List Table
According to SimplyPsychology.Org, The Likert scale usually has five options for
answering a question or statement. People can choose how much they agree or disagree, or how
they feel, from positive to negative. It helps understand opinions and feelings easily. The
response categories in the Likert scales have a rank order, but the intervals between values
cannot be presumed equal. Therefore, the mean (and standard deviation) is inappropriate for
The Likert scale is chosen in this context because it provides a structured and consistent
way to measure the respondent's level of agreement or disagreement with the given statements. It
allows for a quantitative analysis of the opinions and helps to identify the general consensus
scales, which are used to measure either positive or negative response to a statement. In studies
where answer options are coded numerically”. The "Strongly Agree" response option allows
participants to express their strong positive alignment with the given statement. When analyzing
the collected data, researchers can assign numerical values to each response, with "Strongly
Agree" typically receiving the highest value. Researchers can obtain valuable insights into the
extent to which respondents agree with specific statements, allowing them to better understand
Agree - The frequency of “Agree (4)” responses highlights the recognition of the
importance and relevance of the research in addressing significant health and environmental
issues while exploring innovative solutions for mosquito repellency. This study is significant
because it tackles these issues in a lot of different ways, using both scientific inquiry with a quest
for innovative solutions. By studying how mosquitoes behave and testing different repellents, the
research aims not only to stop diseases from spreading but also to reduce the harm traditional
Neutral - According to Nawaz Ahmad, it has been observed that respondents who are not
willing to answer a particular question put a check on Neutral. It is just like an escape for those
respondents which ultimately divert the results and the true essence can’t be achieved. It
highlights a common issue in questionnaires where respondents who do not wish to answer a
specific question might choose the "Neutral" option instead. This practice can distort the results
and prevent the true essence of the data from being accurately captured. It may encourage
respondents to choose this option out of convenience or lack of interest, which could result in a
higher number of incomplete or insincere responses. This could affect the overall quality of the
data collected and limit the insights gained from the study.
Disagree - Many people don't agree that tools for mosquito bites and oil-based repellents
work well. They doubt these methods because they might have tried them before and found them
ineffective. Some also just don't trust natural remedies. People who disagree often don't believe
these tools and repellents can really keep mosquitoes away. This shows that there's a need to
address concerns about how well these methods work. By giving clear information and educating
people about the benefits and limitations of different repellent options, we can help build trust
Strongly Disagree - Base on Law Insider, "strongly disagree with one of the scales as
“No comment”, which will neither be counted as agree nor disagree in the calculation of
the Outcome Standards." By offering an additional choice, this option addresses the limitations
of traditional scales that force individuals to choose between agreeing or disagreeing with a
statement, even when they may have mixed feelings or lack sufficient knowledge on the topic.
This flexibility encourages honest responses and reduces the potential for skewed results caused
by participants feeling pressured to make a choice they may not fully agree with. Moreover, the
presence of a "No comment" option can enhance the reliability and validity of the scale. It allows
researchers to identify participants who are genuinely unsure about their stance on a particular
issue, which can be crucial in understanding the broader population's attitudes and opinions. This
information can help researchers refine their questions or approaches to better capture the
The researchers will further explain the respondent’s answer for each question and will
be converted through percentage, the result will be presented through table and descriptive form.
The first table will be the result of the controlled group consisting of 60 respondents, this group
did not experience the product. The second table will be the result of the experimental group
which also consists of 60 respondents, this group experience and observe the product.
This table is the answer of the 60 students (respondents) of this research that choose their
answer in strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree as their choices. This
table is for a controlled group, this group/subject does not experience the product, they answer
based on their prior knowledge without any explanation from the researchers about the product.
are important in high risk areas. While 23 students (38%) out of 60 agree, and 2 (3%)
students are neutral that mosquito repellents are important in high risk areas. Out of 60
respondents in the controlled group, no one strongly disagrees and disagrees that
● Item (ii): 17 (28%) of the students agree that they encounter and experience mosquitoes
bites in school bathroom, 15 (25%) students disagree that they encounter mosquitoes
bites in school, 13 (22%) are neutral, 8 (13%) strongly disagree, and 7 (12%) strongly
agree that they encounter mosquitoes bites in school. As a result, most of them encounter
● Item (iii): Most of the students are neutral that mosquitoes are abundant in school. 22
(37%) students are neutral, 19 (32%) students agree, 10 (17%) students strongly agree, 6
(10%) students disagree, and 3 (5%) students strongly disagree. Overall, students are
● Item (iv): Out of 60 students, 25 (42%) students agree that their tool in protecting
themselves from mosquitoes is effective, 18 (30%) are neutral, and 17 (28%) of the
students strongly agree that their tool in protecting themselves from mosquitoes is
effective. No one in the students strongly disagrees nor disagrees that their tool in
● Item (v): Most of the students think that oil-based mosquito repellent will prevent insect
bites. 38 (63%) out of 60 students agree, 13 (22%) students are neutral, and 9 (15%)
students agree that oil-based mosquito repellent will prevent insect bites. None of the
● Item (vi): 30 (50%) students agree to use protective measures or tools against mosquitoes,
and 27 (45%) of the students strongly agree, 3 (8%) of the students are neutral, and no
one answers that they are strongly disagree nor disagree in use of protective measures or
● Item (vii): In this item, 29 (48%) of the students strongly agree that they are concerned
about reducing mosquito bites. 18 (30%) of the students agree, and 7 (12%) of the
students are neutral and concerned about reducing mosquito bites. Moreover, 6 (10%) of
the students disagree and none of the students strongly disagree that they are concerned
● Item (viii): Out of 60 students, 24 (40%) of them strongly disagree in experiencing going
to hospitals because of insect bites. 15 (25%) of the students disagree, 5 (8%) of the
students are neutral. 12 (40%) out of 60 of them strongly agree, and 4 (7%) of the
students agree that they already experienced going to hospitals because of insect bites.
Therefore, most of the students did not experience going to hospital because of insect
bites.
● Item (ix): Most of the students agreed to use oil-based mosquito repellent in school,
students agree, 23 (38%) strongly agree, and 9 (15%) of the students are neutral, none of
the students strongly disagree nor disagree with the use of oil-based mosquito repellent in
strongly agree, and 8 (13%) of the students out of 60 (100%) are favor in adding or
putting oil-based mosquito repellent because of its natural ingredients, also to add
This second table is the answer of the 60 students (respondents) of this research that
choose their answer in strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree as their
choices. This table is for an experimental group. This group/subject experiences the product, and
these students respond based on the researcher's explanation about the benefits, uses, and
● Item (i): Out of 60 students, 3 (5%) of them strongly disagree that mosquito repellents are
important in high risk areas and none of them disagree. 3 (5%) of the students are neutral
that mosquito repellents are important in high risk areas. 27 (45%) of them agree and 27
(45%) strongly agree that mosquito repellents should be placed in high risk areas because
of their importance.
● Item (ii): 6 (10%) of the students strongly disagree that they encounter mosquito bites
while using school bathrooms and 10 (17%) of them disagree. 15 (25%) of the students
are neutral in answering that they encounter mosquito bites while using school
bathrooms. Overall, 21 (35%) of the students agree that they encounter mosquito bites
● Item (iii): Most of the students are neutral that there is an abundant presence of
mosquitoes in school. 19 (32%) of them are neutral, 16 (27%) of them agree and 12
(20%) of them strongly agree that there is an abundant presence of mosquitoes in school.
● Item (iv): 25 (42%) of the students agree, 12 (20%) strongly agree, 15 (25%) are neutral,
7 (12%) disagree, and 1 (1%) strongly disagree that the tool for mosquito bites they are
agree, 17 (28%) are neutral, 1 (1%) strongly disagree, and 2 (3%) disagree that oil-based
mosquito repellent that will be placed in school bathrooms will prevent insect bites.
● Item (vi): In this item, 34 (56%) of the students agree to use a protective tool against
mosquito bites. 16 (27%) out of 60 students strongly agree, 8 (13%) of them are neutral
to using protective tools against mosquito bites and 1 (1%) of them strongly disagree and
disagree.
● Item (vii): None of the 60 (100%) students strongly disagree that they are concerned in
reducing mosquito bites. 2 (3%) of them disagree, 9 (15%) are neutral, 29 (48%) of them
agree, and 20 (33%) strongly agree. In conclusion, most of the students agree that they
● Item (viii): Out of 60, 27 (45%) of them strongly disagree that they experienced going to
hospital because of insect bites, especially mosquitoes. And 17 (28%) of them disagree,
and 5 (8%) are neutral which means they either experienced or did not experience going
to hospital because of insect bites. 6 (10%) of them agree and 5 (8%) strongly agree that
● Item (ix): Most of the students agreed to use oil-based mosquito repellent in school
(3%) of them disagree, 16 (26%) are neutral, 27 (45%) agree, and 15 (25%) of them
strongly agree. This result shows that most of them want to use a oil-based mosquito
● Item (x): None of the students strongly disagree to use oil-based mosquito repellent. 1
(1%) of them disagree, 10 (16%) of them are neutral, 32 (53%) of them agree, and 17
(28%) of them strongly agree. This result concludes that most students agree to use oil-
bathroom aesthetics.
Researcher’s cannot perform the actual effectiveness of the product by the presence of a
human and a mosquito for safety purposes of the researchers, but they used an alternative way to
test its scent. To prove the product’s effectiveness, researchers provide various reviews of related
literature. To further test the long lasting scent of the product, researchers put sample products in
every senior high school bathroom (total of 8 bathrooms, 4 for male and 4 for female) of
Munting Ilog Integrated National High School. Before putting each product, researchers were
tasked to ask the grade level coordinator in Grade 11 and 12 before putting it in every bathroom.
To observe its scent, every 2 hours researchers with the presidents check the bathroom’s smell.
The scent of the product varies in the area and how often students go to the bathroom. On the
first floor, the men’s bathroom was open and students often used it and the women's bathroom
was closed, also often used by the students. On the second floor, the men and women’s bathroom
was an open area. On the third floor, the men’s bathroom was closed and not often used but the
women’s bathroom was open and often used by the students. On the fourth floor, the men’s
bathroom was open and often used by the students and the women’s bathroom was closed and
the rooms beside the bathrooms for product observation. To observe properly the product scent
intensity, the president was asked to rate its intensity from light, medium, and high. Researchers
placed the product around 9:40 am and negotiated to have the president's time during lunch time
to observe the scent after two (2) hours. In the morning, as soon as the product was placed on all
floors at the same time, presidents were asked if they smelled the product's scent. The president's
response was at the beginning (9:40 am) they said that the scent intensity was light. After two
hours, (11:40 am) researchers asked again the president's observation on the scent intensity. On
the first floor, both of the president's responses to the product's scent intensity were light even if
the area’s environment is different. On the second floor, the men’s bathroom scent intensity was
medium as for president even if it's an open area while the women’s bathroom scent intensity
was light and it’s an open area. On the third floor, the men’s scent intensity was medium because
of its closed area and not often used by the students while the women’s bathroom scent intensity
was light because the area was open and often used. On the fourth floor, the intensity of both
Four (4) hours after putting the product around 3 o’clock in the afternoon, researcher’s
asked for the president's time and response to the product. On the first and second floor the scent
intensity became medium, on the third floor the men’s bathroom scent intensity was still medium
and the women’s bathroom scent intensity was still light, on the fourth floor both of the
means where you have two samples in which observations in one sample can be paired with
To get the final decision, researcher’s used the formula tc = (X̄d – μd) / (s/√n). Where
the paired experimental (Se) and controlled (Sc) group subtracted from each other (Xd (Se-
Sc)) to get its mean and was subtracted to the mean of each sample group (Xd- X d). The
T critical= 5.26
Figure 2: T-table
To test the variances of the experimental and controlled group, we used the two hypotheses (null
Null Hypothesis (Ho) – There is no significant difference between the variances of the
The result of the t critical and graph concludes the final decision of the statistics. The
significant level is bigger than t-table (0.05%), the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and
the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This means that there is a different result to the student's
answer before discussing the product’s significance and after discussing the product’s
significance. To show the difference of the significance, whether it is bigger or smaller the
4.7 Discussion
These results are drawn from the respondent’s answer in questionnaires and based on the
president’s observation in Munting Ilog Integrated National High School senior high bathrooms.
The data analysis objective is to know if the students' decision on oil-based mosquito repellent to
prevent further problems in school. This is also used as a basis to know if there will be a
difference in the student's decision before and after discussing the significance, uses, and benefits
of the product. In this chapter, the quantitative results of the respondents were discussed in a
detailed manner. These results were also converted into percentage rate of responses in every
question in questionnaires and the final conclusion of the statistics analysis. This chapter reveals
that students sometimes experienced mosquito bites inside the school and they want to have a
way to prevent further casualties. It also reveals that most of the students already experienced
going to hospital because of insect bites, it only means that this product will be so much useful in
preventing the mosquitoes further casualties in students and also to the faculty members of the
school.
The result of the statistical computation using t-test, the result shows that there is any
significant difference between experimental and controlled group. The result t-test is 5.26, the t-
test is compared to t-table with the degree of freedom 59 as stated hypothesis testing and shown
in the graph, the t-test 5.26is higher than the t-table 1.671. Therefore, with the theory of the
hypothesis testing, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This means that there is a different result to
the student's answer before discussing the product’s significance and after discussing the
product’s significance. “Repellents should protect against the biting insects for a preferably long
period of time and cause no adverse reactions” (Lupi et al., 2013). Because most of the natural
repellents are plant based that can be produced by the time and days passes, along with the plants
giving the people its protection it should also protect people from further reactions and it should
be safer than the chemical products in the market. Natural resources are safer than the
commercial products in the market that can be used without any allergic reaction. According to
Asadollahi et al., (2019), plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional
practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Many studies
have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria
vectors worldwide. Along with the technology advancements, health and safety should be also
advanced to protect people especially kids and older people. Studies about the evidence of oil-
based repellent effectiveness are visible in every sources because many people already conducted