Vernacular Literature

Vernacular Literature
How to Prepare History ?
Vernacular Literature in Indian History

How to Prepare
Vernacular History ?
Literature
Sources ?
Name of the Book
Author
Contemporary Kings
by Pratik Nayak (Educator- Unacademy)

Tamil
Kannada Classical literature
Telugu
Malyalam Religious literature
Bengali Other Literature

Odia
Assamese
Apabrahmsa
HowHow
to Prepare
to PrepareHistory
History ??
Teaching since last 10 years

History, Art & Culture
Worked @ Govt. of Gujarat
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UPSC CSE- Prelims 2022
([CSP22-SET-B] Q.85) With reference to Indian history, consider the following

texts :
1. Nettipakarana
2. Parishishtaparvan
3. Avadanashataka
4. Trishashtilakshana Mahapurana
Which of the above are Jaina texts ?
(a) 1,2 and 3
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1,3 and 4 🥵
(d) 2,3 and 4.
Difficulty : Tough
Type: Theory 📚 Attempt | Skip |
50:50
[CSP22-SET-B] Q.86) With reference to Indian history, consider the following

pairs :
Historical person Known as
1. Aryadeva — Jaina scholar
2. Dignaga — Buddhist scholar
3. Nathamuni — Vaishnava scholar
How many pairs given above are correctly matched ?
(a) None of the pairs
(b) Only one pair
(c) Only two pairs
(d) All three pairs
Difficulty : Tough 🥵
Type: Theory 📚 Attempt | Skip |
50:50
6. With reference to ancient Indian History, consider the

following pairs:
Literary work Author
1. Devichandragupta : Bilhana
2. Hammira-Mahakavya : Nayachandra Suri
3. Milinda-panha : Nagarjuna
4. Nitivakyamrit : Somadeva Suri
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four
Attempt | Skip |
50:50
(Pre’20-SetB) Q.11. With reference to the cultural history of India, which one of the following is
the correct description of the term ‘paramitas’?
[a) The earliest Dharmashastra texts written in aphoristic (sutra) style.

[b) Philosophical schools that did not accept the authority of Vedas.
[c) Perfections whose attainment led to the Bodhisattva path
[d) Powerful merchant guilds of early medieval south India.
Attempt | Skip |
50:50
([CSP22-SET-B] Q.54) “Yogavasistha” was translated into Persian by

Nizamuddin Panipati during the reign of:
(a) Akbar
(b) Humayun
(c) Shahjahan
(d) Aurangzeb
Difficulty : Tough🥵
Type: Theory 📚
Attempt | Skip | 50:50

UPSC CSE-
UPSC CSE- Prelims
Prelims 2021 2021
[CSP21-SET-C] Q.51) With reference to the history of ancient India,

Bhavabhuti, Hastimalla and Kshemeshvara were famous
a) Jain monks
b) playwrights
c) temple architects
d) Philosophers
Difficulty : Tough🥵
Type: Theory 📚
Attempt | Skip | 50:50
UPSC CSE-
UPSC CSE- Prelims
Prelims 2020 2020
(Pre'20-SetB) Q.16. With reference to the scholars/litterateurs of ancient India,
consider the following statements:
1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga

2. Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana
3. Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[a) 1 and 2 only
[b) 2 and 3 only
[c) 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3
Tamil
Kannada Classical literature
Telugu
Malyalam Religious literature
Bengali Other Literature

Odia
Assamese
Apabrahmsa
Tamil Literature - ??
Tamil Literature-
Sangam Literature:
What is Sangam ? Earlier Script- Brahmi Script
Later on Grantha Script

1st Sangam Held @ Madurai attended by gods and
legendary sages, but all its works have perished,
presided by Saint Agastya
2nd Sangam Held @ Kapadapuram attended by

several poets, produced a large mass of literature,
only Tolkappiyam (the early Tamil grammar) has
survived.
3rd Held @ Madurai under Mudathirumaran

attended by several poets, had also produced vast
literature, but only a fraction of it has survived.
constitutes the extant body of Sangam literature.
Tamil Literature - ?? Q. Nature of Sangam Literature?
Aham (love) which dealt with the
internal and puram (everything
except love) which dealt with the
sage Agathiyar, according to Hindu legends, external.
brought the Tamil language and its syntax to
the Tamil people from god Shiva Division of five regions (tinai) of Tamil
land is as follows:
Agattiyam, the first known book on Tamil (a) kurinji (hills), (b) palai (dry lands),
grammar (c) mullai (jungle and woodland),
(d) marudam (cultivated plains), and
(e) neydal (coast).
Each region was associated with some
special aspect of love (agam) or war
(puram)
Composition Sangam literature

consists of the earliest Tamil works
anthologies include a total of 2381
poems
ascribed to 473 poets, out of whom 30
as the Tolkappiyamè original work
poets were women
the Ettutogai (Eight Anthologies),
the Pattuppattu (Ten Idylls),
the Padinenkilkanakku (Eighteen Minor

Works), and
the three epics- Silapadikaram, Manimeklai,
Sivaga Sidamani
Tolkappiyam, acknowledged as the earliest

surviving Tamil literary work,
written by Tolkappiyar (one of the 12 disciples

of saint Agastya)
work on Tamil grammar of the aham or agam
(love) and puram (war, government, etc.),
Padinenkilkanakku (Eighteen Minor Works

Tirukkural (known as the ‘Bible of Tamil land’)
by Tiruvalluvar
(a series of brief metrical proverbs on many
aspects of life and religion
Silappadigaram (The Jeweled

Anklet)
written by Illango Adigal
Manimegalai
written by poet Sitalai Sattanar of
Madurai,
Sivaga Sindamani
Written by Tiruttakkadevar, a
Jaina,
Other Poets-
Mamulanar’s reference to the southward

expansion of the Mauryas & Nandas-
book- Purananuru
(the Mauryas had an alliance with a
southern power located in
north Karnataka called the Koshar)
Mangudi Marudam- Madurai Kanji

Religious literature
Alvars- Naalayira Divya Prabandham by

Nathmuni
Prabandhas also compiled
Naynaras- Thevaram
Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar
Periya Puranam- written by Sekkizhar (12th
Century) – poetic accounts of Naynar Saints
Religious literature
Siva Siddhanta – scholar

Thayumanavar wrote about this
philosophy
Sittar traditions based poetry
Kamban’s Ramayana
Kings-
Rajaraja I was the subject of two

works—a
drama (Rajarajesvara Natakam)
and a kavya (Rajaraja Vijayam
Jayangondar, the poet laureate of

Kulottunga I, composed the
Kalingattupparani
Malayalam Literature
Origin of Language- Ezhuthachan- Father of Malayalam

Manipravalam- local dialect & Language
Sanskrit
Bhakti Movement
Early medieval period-
Kokasandisan and
Bhasa Kautilya (a commentary on
Arthashastra
Ramacharitam- poem written by

Cheeraman
Kannada Literature
Origin of Language- Ponna (9th-10th century AD)-

Early Medieval Period- Rashtrakuta wrote Shanti Purana
King- Amoghvarsha Ranna (10th-11th century AD).

Wrote Kavirajmarga Ajitha Purana.
Poets- Both belonged to the court of king

Pampa (9th-10th century AD)- Father Krishna III
of Kannada
Originally belonged to Chalukyan
court- Arikesari
Wrote Adipurana (Champu style)
Vikramarjuna Vijaya
Kannada Literature
Other texts-
Narhari wrote- Torave Ramayana

Kannada version of Valmiki;s
Ramayana
Lashmisha- wrote Jaimini Bharata

Kannada Literature
Vijaynagar Period-
16th Century Vijaynagar Period-
16th Century
Poet Sarvajna- wrote Tripadi (3
line poems) Chamarasa and Kumara Vyasa
Poets in the court of Deva Raya 2
Honanama- female poet wrote
Hadibadeya Dharma Chatu Vittalanatha, the
great singer and composer
Madhura- Jain Poet in the court Purandaradasa
king Harihara II
Wrote Dharmanath Purana
Telugu Literature
Origin of language in Early Medieval

Period Climax reached in Vijayanagar
Period-
1st Poet- Nannaya (11th century )
started the Telugu Nachana Somanatha- wrote
version of the Mahabharata, which Uttaraharivamsam
was completed in the 13th century court poet of King Bukka I
by Tikkanna
Krishna Devaraya-
Scholar of Telugu literature (also
Sanskrit & Kannada)
He wrote Amukta Malyada
Telugu Literature
Vijaynagar Period-
Srinatha, author of Haravilasam
Krishna Devaraya-
Scholar of Telugu literature (also
Sanskrit & Kannada)
He wrote Amukta Malyada
Other Literature
Language- emerged in Medieval Assamese language literature-

Period Shankar Deva- wrote Kirtan Ghosa
Mixture of Maithili and Assamese
King Kapilendra- 15th Century-
Gajapati dynasty
Odia language was officially used Bengali Literature- emerged
as an administrative language during Pala period
Charyapada- written in the
poet Sarala Das wrote the Odia Buddhist tradition- Vajrayana
Mahabharata

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Vernacular Literature

How to Prepare History ?

Vernacular Literature in Indian History

by Pratik Nayak (Educator- Unacademy)

Bengali Other Literature

Teaching since last 10 years

([CSP22-SET-B] Q.85) With reference to Indian history, consider the following

[CSP22-SET-B] Q.86) With reference to Indian history, consider the following

6. With reference to ancient Indian History, consider the

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

[a) The earliest Dharmashastra texts written in aphoristic (sutra) style.

([CSP22-SET-B] Q.54) “Yogavasistha” was translated into Persian by

Attempt | Skip | 50:50

[CSP21-SET-C] Q.51) With reference to the history of ancient India,

1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[a) 1 and 2 only

[b) 2 and 3 only

Bengali Other Literature

Later on Grantha Script

2nd Sangam Held @ Kapadapuram attended by

3rd Held @ Madurai under Mudathirumaran

Composition Sangam literature

the Padinenkilkanakku (Eighteen Minor

Tolkappiyam, acknowledged as the earliest

written by Tolkappiyar (one of the 12 disciples

Padinenkilkanakku (Eighteen Minor Works

Silappadigaram (The Jeweled

Mamulanar’s reference to the southward

Mangudi Marudam- Madurai Kanji

Alvars- Naalayira Divya Prabandham by

Siva Siddhanta – scholar

Rajaraja I was the subject of two

Jayangondar, the poet laureate of

Origin of Language- Ezhuthachan- Father of Malayalam

Ramacharitam- poem written by

Origin of Language- Ponna (9th-10th century AD)-

King- Amoghvarsha Ranna (10th-11th century AD).

Poets- Both belonged to the court of king

Narhari wrote- Torave Ramayana

Lashmisha- wrote Jaimini Bharata

Origin of language in Early Medieval

Language- emerged in Medieval Assamese language literature-

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