LESSON 2

Designing Instruction for Physical Education and Health

Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

 define the meaning of instructional design;

 discuss the role of the teacher as an instructional designer;
 determine the benefits of teachers and pupils from a well-developed instruction;
 evaluate a good instructional design; and
 formulate a simplified way on the key ideas to quality instructional design,

Introduction

Teachers are considered instructional designers. They design instruction daily that will be implemented in
the classroom. In designing instruction, teachers follow a specific instructional design. There is the various
design of instruction that was developed by professional educators. Each model considers various factors and
aims to produce classroom learning.

For the teachers to give clear and specific instructions, it is necessary to align the instructions to the
standards. Aligning the learning to the standards assure that higher learning will be obtained. Furthermore,
learning experiences, including the evaluation process, are related to each other because the teacher is guided
with the standards that keep them on track.

Pupils, as participants of the learning process, should display the development of skills from the
instruction presented by the teacher. This shows how important instructional design is for the teacher and the
teaching and learning process. It should meet the needs and characteristics of pupils in the classroom.

THINK: Instructional design for physical education and health

Instruction is a plan of the teacher to provide organized teaching and learning activities. An organized
instructional plan motivates and engages children to learn. The teachers need to make sure that all elements of
instruction are systematically organized because they are crucial to successful learning.

The activities in the instruction should assist the pupils in learning knowledge and moving this
knowledge from short-term to long-term memory. Hence, the pupils need to practice and apply the
knowledge that they have learned for them to be able to remember these when they need them.

To ensure quality instruction, an instructional design is needed. Instructional design is a systematic

development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory. It is a process of analyzing
the goal and learning needs and the progress of the delivery system to meet those needs. It also includes the
formulation of different learning experiences, instructional materials, and evaluation processes.

Instructional design is the creation of learning experiences and materials which will result in the
acquisition and application of knowledge and skills. Its direction must go along with knowing the needs and
characteristics of the pupils, designing the process, selecting teaching strategies, making materials, and
evaluating the effectiveness. Furthermore, the learning and growth must focus on holistic development, which
includes cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual aspects of children.

Components of Instructional Design

 The following are the different components of instructional design. These components make the
instructional design effective and may result in a successful behavioral change on the pupils.

1. Analysis

This component includes the reasons why training and learning solutions are required, which lead to
understanding and identification of the needs of the pupils. The development of goals and how training will
take place will be done in this stage. In case the learning process did not meet the goals, improvement can be
recommended.

2. Design and Development

These cover everything from the actual design and layout of instructional materials to determining the
delivery methods. They also entail writing the curriculum, creating lesson plans, and creating instructional
materials such as presentations.

3. Evaluation

It focuses on determining if the learning process is successful or not. In this stage, the impact of the learning
process will be measured based on the reaction of the pupils and their change of behavior.

Teachers as Instructional Designers

An instructional designer is in charge of designing and developing content, interactions, and other
solutions to aid in the development of new information or skills using a structured approach based on theories
and models. It is the task of an instructional designer to develop instructional materials that can support the
teaching and learning process. Furthermore, it is the role of the instructional designer to identify the needs of
the pupils and to provide assessment tools that can measure the change in pupils' behaviors.

In the classroom, teachers have direct contact with the pupils. As instructional designers, it is their
responsibility to determine the conditions and possible problems that may hinder the success of the
implementation of the instruction. Moreover, the instructional designers should consider different theories and
philosophies related to the pupils, as well as the vision and mission of the institution where the instruction will
be implemented.

Significance of Instructional Design for Teachers and Pupils

The instructional design aims to make learning easier for pupils. Through careful preparation, teachers
may determine the simplest and most efficient ways for pupils to obtain the required and necessary
knowledge they need. As a result, the learning process is shortened, the goals are fulfilled, and resources are
maximized. Instructional design also enhances instruction delivery by developing meaningful lessons that
help pupils cut through irrelevant content.

In addition, the following are other benefits that teachers can get from a well- developed instructional
design:

1. Teachers must not assume that similar problems will occur all the time. They have to remember that
problems vary depending on the environment. With this, the instructional design should be unique and
customized depending on the problem at hand. Teachers should know how to identify the "gap" among the
pupils and how to connect the gap to fill each of them perfectly.

2. Teachers should use interactive strategies that will encourage children to participate in the learning
process. They should also use various methodologies and materials that would improve the learning
experiences according to the result of the assessment of the pupils' needs.

3. Teachers, as instructional designers, must be result-driven. They must set concrete and measurable
goals and objectives. All the learning events and experiences should be based on the set goals and objectives
and must avoid unnecessary components.
 4. Teachers must be consistent. They should be consistent in providing instructions that address the
characteristics and needs of the pupils. They should not use the instructions that seem ineffective in teaching
the pupils. However, teachers must be consistent in what they want to be achieved by their pupils.

Key Ideas to Good Quality Instructional Design in Physical Education and Health

Designing an effective instructional plan for physical education and health is both fun and frustrating. It is
common for young children to become energetic and playful; hence, creating an instructional plan that meets
the standards stated in the national curriculum can sometimes very difficult.

For teachers and pupils to become successful in planning instruction and enjoy it at the same time, the
following ideas that can be adapted:

1. Formulate Goals and Structure

It is expected that all the goals stated in the curriculum are being achieved by the school. Teachers must
identify what goals are appropriate for a particular grade level. It can help them provide learning activities
that are developmentally appropriate for the pupils.

2. Keep the Activity Interesting

It is given that young children have a short attention span. Physical education and health, due to their
nature, demand more time for activities and discussion. With this, if the activities provided for the pupils are
not engaging, there is the tendency that the children will lose their motivation and attention to the lesson.
Good instruction in physical education and health must maintain not only the interest and motivation of one
pupil but all the pupils in the class.

3. Meet the Set National Standards

The achievement of the national standard should always be at the center of every curriculum. Teachers
should know these standards for them to address and incorporate these in their instruction. They should
determine how to best meet these standards while considering various factors involving the school and the
pupils.

4. Always Put Assessment in Mind

Assessment is used to identify the progress and development of children. Teachers must determine if the
pupils are grasping the concepts that are expected for them to learn. In designing instruction, teachers should
also think about how they measure the progress and development of pupils.

The nature of physical education and health is different from other subject areas. Most of the time, teachers
cannot measure the progress of pupils in this subject by just using one type of assessment tool. With this, the
selection of effective assessment tools to be used in these subjects must be given much attention by the
teachers.

5. Be Open to Change

Designing an instructional plan involves the process of trial and error. Teachers should always remember
that the instructional plan they used from the previous year may not be effective for the present year. Hence,
they need to revise or change their instructional plan.

One of the advantages of designing an instructional plan for PE and health is the variety of activities to
choose from. These activities can help teachers think and try different ideas to make the lesson more
interesting and engaging to the pupils.

GROUP 2
CASANTOSAN

HANAPE

ALOLOR

GARCIA

ABREA

BUNDAL