Full Chapter Smart and Sustainable Intelligent Systems Sustainable Computing and Optimization 1St Edition Namita Gupta Editor PDF
Full Chapter Smart and Sustainable Intelligent Systems Sustainable Computing and Optimization 1St Edition Namita Gupta Editor PDF
Full Chapter Smart and Sustainable Intelligent Systems Sustainable Computing and Optimization 1St Edition Namita Gupta Editor PDF
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Smart and Sustainable
Intelligent Systems
Smart and Sustainable
Intelligent Systems
Edited by
Namita Gupta
Prasenjit Chatterjee and
Tanupriya Choudhury
This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener
Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
© 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC
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ISBN 978-1-119-75058-1
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
Prof. Namita Gupta would like to dedicate this book to her husband Mr. Arvind Goyal
and her sons Anish Goyal and Ansh Goyal for their patience and support. She expresses
extreme gratitude to Dr N. K. Garg (Founder and Chief Advisor, MATES), Prof. Neelam
Sharma (Director MAIT) and Prof. S. S. Deswal (Dean Academics, MAIT) for their valuable
guidance and encouragement.
Dr. Prasenjit Chatterjee would like to dedicate this book to his late grandparents, father
Late Dipak Kumar Chatterjee, his mother Mrs. Kalyani Chatterjee, beloved wife Amrita and
his little angel Aheli.
Dr. Tanupriya Choudhury would like to dedicate this book to his late grandparents,
his father Sri Mrigendra Choudhury, his mother Mrs. Minakshi Choudhury, beloved wife
Rituparna and his son Rajrup and his respected guides, his research collaborators, friends,
scholars, most beloved students and colleagues.
Contents
Preface xxv
Acknowledgement xxix
Part 1: Machine Learning and Its Application 1
1 Single Image Super-Resolution Using GANs for High-Upscaling Factors 3
Harshit Singhal, Aman Kumar, Shubham Khandelwal, Anupam Kumar
and Mini Agarwal
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Methodology 5
1.2.1 Architecture Details 5
1.2.2 Loss Function 7
1.3 Experiments 7
1.3.1 Environment Details 7
1.3.2 Training Dataset Details 7
1.3.3 Training Parameters 7
1.4 Experiments 8
1.5 Conclusions 10
1.6 Related Work 10
References 13
2 Landmark Recognition Using VGG16 Training 17
Ruchi Jha, Prerna Jain, Sandeep Tayal and Ashish Sharma
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Related Work 19
2.2.1 ImageNet Classification 19
2.2.2 Deep Local Features 22
2.2.3 VGG Architecture 25
2.3 Proposed Solution 26
2.3.1 Revisiting Datasets 26
2.3.1.1 Data Pre-Processing 28
2.3.1.2 Model Training 30
2.4 Results and Conclusions 33
2.5 Discussions 37
References 37
vii
viii Contents
This book covers emerging computational and knowledge transfer approaches, optimizing
solutions in varied disciplines of science, technology and healthcare. The idea behind com-
piling this work is to familiarize researchers, academicians, industry persons and students
with various applications of intelligent techniques for producing sustainable, cost-effective
and robust solutions of frequently encountered complex, real-world problems in engineer-
ing and science disciplines.
The chapters include the list of topics that spans all the areas of smart intelligent sys-
tems and computing such as: Data Mining with Soft Computing, Evolutionary Computing,
Quantum Computing, Expert Systems, Next Generation Communication, Blockchain
and Trust Management, Intelligent Biometrics, Multi-Valued Logical Systems, Cloud
Computing and security etc. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each
chapter guides the reader to probe further into application area of interest to him/her.
xxv
xxvi Preface
techniques like Search from Prior and Sliding window to create a more efficient and accu-
rate algorithm better than previous approaches.
Chapter 5 proposes a methodology to detect human and animated faces in real time
video and images. The facial expression would then be classified six basic emotions- happy,
surprise, fear, anger, sad, disgust and a neutral face.
Chapter 6 proposes a system that does not segment the input of images, but rather the
layers extract relevant features from the scanned images fed as input. Compared with previ-
ous systems for handwritten text recognition, the given architecture is end-to-end trainable
and does not require different components to be trained separately. It naturally handles
sequences in random lengths, involving no horizontal scale normalization or character seg-
mentation. The model is smaller yet effective, thus, more practical for application in real-
world scenarios.
Chapter 7 presents a machine learning modelled system able to analyse the image of an
automobile captured by a camera, detect the registration plate and identify the registration
number of the automobile. The algorithm also accepts live feed videos and pre-recorded
videos, which are broken into frames. This system was made to solve security problems
which exist in residential buildings, societies, parking areas and other institutions and areas
where the pre-existing security systems cannot be installed.
Chapter 8 presents the finding of the best algorithm that can be used to predict the dis-
ease or chances that the disease can occur in the person.
Chapter 9 build a model which is combination of CNN model classification problem (to
predict whether the subject has brain tumor or not) & Computer Vision problem (to auto-
mate the process of brain cropping from MRI scans). VGG-16 model architecture is used
for feature extraction, which along with other features is fed as input to an Artificial Neural
Network classifier through transfer learning. Binary Classifier classifies the input images as
either 0 (No tumor) or 1 (Tumor exists).
Chapter 10 discusses the challenges faced in understanding the gestures of deaf and mute
people in India and identified the need for a proper translator arises.
Chapter 11 designs a heterogeneous 3-Dimensional mesh (or network) to co-train 3
dimensional medical images dataset so as to make a series of pre-trained classifiers.
Chapter 12 explores a simpler approach to recommender systems that are fairly easy to
use for small scale e- retail websites.
Chapter 13 discusses the recommendations to users on the basis of various user pref-
erences while interacting with a social media platform, such as the gender, age, number
of meetups, the skills and ratings of user profiles, image quality. All are taken into consid-
eration to provide the ultimate user recommendation possible to make the software more
relevant and user centric with recommendations strictly based on the way a given user
interacts with the platform.
Chapter 14 discusses and compares the various machine learning algorithms applied to
predict the literacy rate of various states.
Chapter 15 discusses an approach for video to video translation using various poses gen-
erated in the frames of video for translation. The approach makes use of Pose Generation
Convolutional Neural Network to synthesize arbitrary poses from source videos and
train the pix2pix - DCGAN which is a conditional generative adversarial network con-
sisting of multi scale discriminator and generator for target video frames generation. It
uses PatchGAN loss, VGG loss and Feature Matching Loss function for improving and
Preface xxvii
optimizing models. The presented approach provides compelling results of the generated
DCGAN model with the discriminator loss of 0.0003 and generator loss of 5.8206.
Chapter 16 compares different classification and boosting algorithms like Count
Vectorizer with xG Gradient Boosting, TF-IDF Vectorizer with xG Gradient Boosting,
Logistic Regression, and Random Forest.
Chapter 17 discusses development of traditional pixel-based methods and ends with the
evolution of the latest object-based change detection techniques. LANDSAT and PALSAR
images are used to represent the changes developed in the land use/land cover using
pixel-based and object-based approaches.
Chapter 18 presents a study of four different machine learning algorithms namely J48,
JRip, Random Forest and Naive Bayes, to detect three types of bad smells God Class, Long
Method and Feature Envy. The results demonstrated that the machine learning algorithms
achieved high accuracy with the validation method of 10-fold cross-validation.
Chapter 19 discusses the work done by the different researchers for identification of
the negation’s cues and their scope. Chapter is organized according to the different feature
selection methods employed and how different researchers contributed to this.
Chapter 20 describes the methodology and experimental setup used for the genera-
tion and development of bilingual speech corpus. Continuous and spontaneous (discrete)
speech samples from both languages are collected on different mobile phones in a real-time
environment, unlike studio environments. A brief comparative study of 18 readily available
multilingual speech corpus developed for Indian languages is made against the proposed
corpus. An annotation scheme is discussed to carry out further study how the recognition
rate varies on the basis of language, device, text, and utterance.
Chapter 21 focuses on building an Intelligent Intrusion Detection System utilizing a
blend of Nature Inspired Heuristics and Automated Machine Learning. The study applies
Evolutionary Algorithms for feature selection as well as Hyperparameter Optimization.
Moreover, the research explores Bayesian Search for Neural Architecture Search to estimate
the ideal architecture of an artificial neural network (ANN).
Chapter 22 introduces the concept of distributed ownership of any digital asset (NFT)
amongst many people in the form of percentage shares. Distributed NFT (dNFT), holds
the properties of NFTs as well as it can be traded in the form of percentage shares as in real
world. Each digital asset in this model is validated by the validators who act as a trust entity
in the system. Hence, it is authentic, verifiable and acts as real market place for all types of
digital assets.
Chapter 23 compares 5 most popular blockchain platforms on the basis of 21 different
attributes concluded with a summary of different platforms and some suggestions for most
commonly and widely used blockchain platforms.
Chapter 24 discusses how the installation of smart bins will contribute towards an
enhanced waste management system that will create a circular economy coupled with evolv-
ing production and consumption behavior while minimizing the environmental impact.
Chapter 25 discusses the structure of IDS; different types of intrusion detection tech-
niques and various types of attacks and compare various intrusion detection systems based
on techniques used, various parameters of detection performance and their use in different
domains.
Chapter 26 features increasing demand for green communication technology in telecom
and IT industry for better energy efficiency.
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