M E 4 14

M A C H I N E
D E S I G N 1
B Y E N G R . D E N N IS E . G A N A S
 LECTURE 7
POWER SCREWS

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 POWER SCREWS
 Power (or Lead) screw is a mechanical device used to convert rotary
motion into linear motion and to transmit power.
 Have large load carrying capacity, compact, provide large
mechanical advantage, provide very accurate and precise (uniform)
linear motion.
 Have smooth and noiseless operation, reliable and lesser cost.
 Have poor efficiency and high rate of wear.
 The design of the power screw may be
such that either the screw or nut is
held at rest and the other member
rotates as it moves axially.
 Applications:
• Screw jacks
• Lathe
• Tensile testing machine
• Vise

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 SCREW THREADS
1. SQUARE THREADS
• can be used to transmit power in either direction;
• have maximum efficiency and there is no radial or bursting pressure on the nut,
increasing the life of the nut and making its motion uniform;
• difficult to manufacture square threads and are expensive; these are difficult to cut
with taps and dies and are usually cut on a lathe with a single point cutting tool
• it is not possible to compensate for wear in square threads as split nut cannot be
used with it; nut or screw has to be replaced when worn out.

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 SCREW THREADS
2. ACME (TRAPEZOIDAL) THREADS
• used for power transmission;
• has higher load carrying capacity than square threads, due to a larger root
thickness;
• are manufactured on a milling machine using a multi-point cutting tool and are
therefore economical to cut;
• the efficiency of acme threads is less than the square threads due to the slope
provided on its sides;
• the nut is subjected to radial or bursting pressure;
• wear can be compensated in this case by using split nut, which is a nut cut into
two halves along its diameter.

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 SCREW THREADS
3. BUTTRESS THREADS
• are designed to take large loads in one direction;
• the strongest of the thread forms due to greater root thickness;
• the efficiency is comparable with the square threads;
• easier to cut and is compatible with the split nut also;
• used in light jack screws and vices.

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 SCREW THREADS

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 SCREW THREAD
𝐷𝑜 + 𝐷𝑟
𝐷𝑝 =
2
𝑝
= 𝐷𝑜 −
2
𝑝
= 𝐷𝑟 +
2

B Y E N G R . D E N N IS E . G A N A S M E4 14
 SCREW THREAD

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 POWER SCREW NOMENCLATURE
PITCH - the axial distance between two adjacent threads measured parallel to the axis.
It is equivalent to 1/number of threads per inch.
PITCH DIAMETER -, or the effective diameter, lies concentrically and approximately
halfway between the major and minor diameters. It is the diameter of the imaginary
cylinder whose circumference intersects half of the thread pitch.
MAJOR DIAMETER - is the largest diameter of the thread. The major diameter of the
screw shaft is the distance between two opposite crests, while the major diameter of
the nut is the distance between two opposite roots.
MINOR DIAMETER - is the smallest diameter of the thread. The minor diameter of the
screw shaft is the distance between two opposite roots, while the minor diameter of the
nut is the distance between two opposite crests.
LEAD - is the linear distance traveled by the screw shaft or nut along its axis in one
complete revolution (3600 rotation). As the lead increases, the linear speed also
increases, but the load capacity of the lead screw decreases.

CREST - is the raised helical structure in an external thread (screw shaft) and the
recessed helical structure in an internal thread (nut).

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 POWER SCREW NOMENCLATURE
THREAD - is the structure responsible for converting rotational motion into linear
motion as the screw shaft and the nut slide with each other.
THREAD DEPTH - is the distance from the root to the crest, measured radially.
THREAD STARTS - refers to the number of independent threads running around the
length of the thread. The lead of a screw is determined by multiplying the number of
independent threads by the pitch.

LEAD ANGLE - is the complementary angle of the helix angle. It is the angle formed
between the helix of the thread and the line parallel to the axis of rotation.
HELIX ANGLE - is the angle formed between the helix of the thread and the line
perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Generally, a lead screw with a higher helix angle
has lesser frictional losses and therefore has higher efficiency. This is because the
number of revolutions to rotate such a screw is lower than a screw with a lower helix
angle for the same linear distance covered. However, it requires more torque to rotate
the screw.
THREAD ANGLE - is the angle formed between two adjacent threads.
ROOT - is the recessed helical structure in an external thread (screw shaft) and the
raised helical structure in an internal thread.

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SCREW THREAD FORCE ANALYSIS

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 FORMULAS
Torque Required to Raise a Load with a Square Thread

Where 𝐷𝑟 = root (minor) or inner diameter

𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝐿 + 𝜋𝑓𝐷𝑝 𝐷𝑜 = outside (or major) diameter
𝑇𝑢 = 𝐷𝑝 = pitch (or mean) diameter
2 𝜋𝐷𝑝 − 𝑓𝐿
𝐷𝑜 + 𝐷𝑟 𝑝 𝑝
𝐷𝑝 = = 𝐷𝑜 − = 𝐷𝑟 +
2 2 2
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 𝐿 = lead of the screw
𝑇𝑢 = = 𝑝 (𝑝 = single threaded/start)
2 1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ (2𝑝 = double threaded/start)
= 1/𝑛 (𝑛 = thread per inch)
𝑉
= ( 𝑉 = linear velocity, 𝑁 = rpm)
𝑁
𝐹 = force to be moved (load)
Self-Locking (Self-locking means that lead 𝑓 = coefficient of friction
screw nuts and lead screws cannot be = 0.15 (for well-lubricated steel
moved without external force application.) screws acting in steel nuts)
𝜋𝐷𝑝 = circumference of the pitch
𝑓 > tan 𝜆 line of the screw
𝜆 = lead angle
tan 𝜆 = 𝐿/(𝜋𝐷𝑝)

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 FORMULAS
Torque Required to Lower a Load with a Square Thread

𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝜋𝑓𝐷𝑝 − 𝐿 𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑓 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ

𝑇𝑑 = 𝑇𝑑 =
2 𝜋𝐷𝑝 + 𝑓𝐿 2 1 + 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ

Torque Required without Friction Torque due to Collar friction

𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝐿 𝐹𝐿 𝐹 𝑓𝑐 𝐷𝑐 𝐷𝑐 = mean collar diameter
𝑇′ = = 𝑇𝑐 =
2 𝜋𝐷𝑝 2𝜋 2 𝐷𝑐𝑜 +𝐷𝑐𝑖
= 2

Efficiency of a Power Screw Without Collar Friction (Negligible)

𝑇′ 𝐹𝐿 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ (1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ)
𝑒= = 𝑒=
𝑇𝑢 2𝜋𝑇𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓

Efficiency of a Power Screw With Collar Friction

𝐹𝐿 𝐹𝐿
𝑒= =
2𝜋 𝑇𝑡 2𝜋(𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐 )

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 FORMULAS
Torque Required to Raise a Load with an ACME Thread
𝐹𝐷𝑝 cos ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 Where ∅ = 14.5o (for ACME)
𝑇𝑢 =
2 cos ∅ − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ

Torque Required to Lower a Load with an ACME Thread

𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑓 − cos ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ

𝑇𝑢 =
2 cos ∅ + 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ

Power Required to Drive a Power Screw

𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁

𝑇𝑁 , in. lb
=
63,000

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 FORMULAS
Torsional Shear Stress of the Screw:
16𝑇 Where 𝐷𝑟 = root diameter
𝑆𝑠 =
𝜋𝐷𝑟3 𝑝
= 𝐷𝑝 −
2
Tensile or Compressive Stress of the Screw:
𝐹 𝐹
𝑆𝑐 = =
𝐴𝑐 𝜋 𝐷𝑟2
4

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1: A square-thread power screw has a major diameter of 32 mm and a pitch
of 4 mm with double threads. The given data include 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑐 = 0.08, 𝐷𝑐 = 40 mm, and 𝐹 =
6.4 kN per screw.
(a) Find the pitch diameter, minor diameter, and lead.
(b) Find the torque required to raise and lower the load.
(c) Find the efficiency during lifting the load.
(d) Find the body stresses, torsional and compressive.
Solution:
𝑝 4
a. 𝐷𝑝 = 𝐷𝑜 − = 32 − = 𝟑𝟎 𝒊𝒏
2 2
𝐿 = 𝑛𝑝 = 2 4 = 𝟖 𝒎𝒎

b1) Torque to raise the load:

𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝐿 + 𝜋𝑓𝐷𝑝 (6.4)(30) 8 + 𝜋(0.08)(30)
𝑇𝑢 = = = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝒎 or 𝑵. 𝒎
2 𝜋𝐷𝑝 − 𝑓𝐿 2 𝜋(30) − (0.08)(8)
𝐹 𝑓𝑐 𝐷𝑐 6.4(0.08)(40)
𝑇𝑐 = = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝒎 or 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝑵. 𝒎
2 2
∴ 𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐 = 15.94 + 10.24 = 26.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 or 𝟐𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 𝑵. 𝒎

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 EXAMPLES
b2) Torque to lower the load:
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝜋𝑓𝐷𝑝 − 𝐿 (6.4)(30) 𝜋(0.08)(30) − 8
𝑇𝑑 = = = −0.4656 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
2 𝜋𝐷𝑝 + 𝑓𝐿 2 𝜋(30) + (0.08)(8)

∴ 𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇𝑑 + 𝑇𝑐 = −0.4656 + 10.24 = 9.774 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 or 𝟗. 𝟕𝟕𝟒 𝑵. 𝒎

c) Efficiency when lifting the load:

𝐹𝐿 (6.4)(8)
𝑒= = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟐 or 𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟐%
2𝜋(𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐) 2𝜋(15.94 + 10.24)

d1) Shear or torsional stress:

16𝑇 16𝑇𝑡 16(26.18𝐸3) 𝑵 𝐷𝑟 = 𝐷𝑝 −
𝑝
𝑆𝑠 = = = = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟒 or 𝑴𝑷𝒂 2
𝜋𝐷3 𝜋𝐷𝑟3 𝜋(28)3 𝒎𝒎𝟐 4
= 30 − = 28 𝑚𝑚
2

d2) Compressive stress:

𝐹 𝐹 6.4𝐸3 𝑵
𝑆𝑐 = =𝜋 =𝜋 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟗 𝟐 or 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝐴𝑐 𝐷𝑟2 2 𝒎𝒎
4 4 (28)

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 2: A square single thread jackscrew has 2 threads per inch. It is to lift 15 tons.
The friction radius of the collar is 1 inch. The coefficient of friction between the threads of
the screw and base is 0.15, that between the screw and collar is 0.13. Determine:
a) The root diameter if the allowable stress in compression is 6000 psi.
b) The twisting moment exerted at the root of the threads.
c) The pull required at the end of a 5 feet bar to raise the load.
d) The efficiency of the power screw and the collar.
Solution:
𝐹 15 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 2000 𝑙𝑏𝑠/𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑎) 𝑆𝑐 = 𝐴 → 6000 = 𝜋 2 → 𝐷𝑟 = 2.523 𝑖𝑛, use 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝒊𝒏
𝐷
4 𝑟
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓
𝑏) 𝑇𝑢 =
2 1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ
𝑝 0.5
𝑖) 𝐷𝑝 = 𝐷𝑟 + = 2.75 + = 3 𝑖𝑛.
2 2

𝐿 1/𝑛 1/2
𝑖𝑖) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ = = = = 0.0530516
𝜋 3 𝜋 3 𝜋 3

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 EXAMPLES
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 15(2000)(3) 0.0530516 + 0.15
𝑏) 𝑇𝑢 = = = 𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟎. 𝟔 𝒊𝒏. 𝒍𝒃
2 1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 2 1 − (0.15)(0.0530516 )
(𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐) (9210.6 + 3900) 𝑇𝑐 = 𝐹 𝑓𝑐 𝑟𝑐
𝑐) 𝐹 = = = 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟏 𝒍𝒃𝒔
𝑙 (5)(12) = (15 x 2000)(0.13) 1
= 𝟑𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒏. 𝒍𝒃
𝐹𝐿 15(2000)(0.5)
𝑑) 𝑒 = = = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟏%
2𝜋(𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐) 2𝜋(9210.6 + 3900)

EXAMPLE 3: A load of 60 kN is to be raised by a short jack. The screw has an outside

diameter of 64 mm and an ACME single thread having a pitch of 12 mm. Collar friction
is negligible and the height of the threads may be assumed to be one-half the pitch. If
the coefficient of friction is 0.2, determine the torque required to raise the load.
Solution:
𝐹𝐷𝑝 cos ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 𝑝 12
𝑇𝑢 = 𝐷𝑝 = 𝐷𝑜 − = 64 − = 58𝑚𝑚
2 cos ∅ − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 2 2
𝐿 𝑝 12
60 𝑘𝑁(58𝑚𝑚) cos 14.5 (0.0658) + 0.2 tan 𝜆 = = = = 0.0658
= 𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋(58)
2 cos 14.5 − 0.2(0.0658)
= 𝟒𝟖𝟎. 𝟒𝟕 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝒎

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 4: A single thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a
major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and
collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and
the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the combined efficiency of screw and collar.
Solution:
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 𝑝 6
𝐷𝑝 = 𝐷𝑜 − = 36 − = 33 𝑚𝑚
i) 𝑇𝑢 = 2 2
2 1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 𝐿 𝑝 6
tan 𝜆 = = = = 0.0579
70(33) 0.0579 + 0.13 𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋(33)
=
2 1 − (0.13)(0.0579 𝐿 = 𝑝 = 6 𝑚𝑚
= 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝒎

𝐹𝑓𝑐 𝐷𝑐 70 0.10 (90)

ii) 𝑇𝑐 = =
2 2
= 𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝒎
𝐹𝐿 70(6)
∴𝑒= = = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟑%
2𝜋(𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐) 2𝜋(218.67 + 315)

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 5: A double thread ACME screw driven by a motor at 400 rpm raises the
attached load of 900 kg at a speed of 10 meters per minute. The screw has a pitch
diameter of 36 mm. The coefficient of friction on threads is 0.15. The friction torque on
the thrust bearing of the motor is taken as 20% of the total torque input. Determine the
motor power required to operate the screw.
Solution:
𝐹𝐷𝑝 cos ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓
i) 𝑇𝑢 = 𝐷𝑝 = 36 𝑚𝑚
2 cos ∅ − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 𝐿 25
tan 𝜆 = = = 0.2210
𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋(36)
900(36) cos 14.5(0.2210) + 0.15
=
2 cos 14.5 − (0.15)(0.2210
= 𝟔, 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟎𝟕 𝒌𝒈. 𝒎𝒎

ii) 𝑇𝑐 = 0.20 𝑇𝑡
6,306.07 𝑚
𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇𝑢 + 0.20 𝑇𝑡 → 𝑇𝑡 = = 𝟕, 𝟖𝟖𝟐. 𝟓𝟗 𝐤𝐠. 𝐦𝐦 9.81 2 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 𝑵. 𝒎
(1 − 0.20) 𝑠

∴ 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁 = 2𝜋 77.33 400/60 = 𝟑, 𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟐 𝑾 or 𝟑. 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑾

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 6: An electric motor driven power screw moves a nut in a horizontal plane
against a force of 75 kN at a speed of 300 mm/min. The screw has a single thread of 6
mm pitch on a major diameter of 40 mm. The coefficient of friction at screw thread is
0.1. Estimate the power of the motor.
Solution:
𝑝 6
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 𝐷𝑝 = 𝐷𝑜 − = 40 − = 37 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑢 = 2 2
2 1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 𝐿 6
tan 𝜆 = = = 0.0516
(75)(37) 0.0516 + 0.1 𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋(37)
=
2 1 − (0.1)(0.0516) 𝐿 = 𝑝 = 6 𝑚𝑚
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝒎

∴ 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁 = 2𝜋 211.44 50/60 = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟏 𝑾 or 𝟏. 𝟏 𝒌𝑾

Since the screw moves the nut at a speed of 300mm/min and the pitch of the screw is
6mm, therefore the speed of the screw in revolutions per min (rpm) is,
300 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉
𝑁= = 50 𝑟𝑝𝑚 Recall: 𝐿 = ( 𝑉 = linear velocity, 𝑁 = rpm)
6 𝑚𝑚 𝑁

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 7: A vertical two start square threaded screw of a 100 mm mean diameter
and 20 mm pitch supports a vertical load of 18 kN. The axial thrust on the screw is
taken by a collar bearing of 250 mm outside diameter and 100 mm inside diameter.
Find the force required at the end of a lever which is 400 mm long in order to lift and
lower the load. Assume coefficient of friction for thread is 0.15 and for collar is 0.20.
Solution:
i) Lifting the load: 𝐿 = 2𝑝 = 40 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 (18)(100) 0.1273 + 0.15 𝐿 40
𝑇𝑢 = = tan 𝜆 = =
2 1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 2 1 − (0.15)(0.1273) 𝜋𝐷𝑝 𝜋(100)
= 𝟐𝟓𝟒. 𝟒𝟑 𝑵. 𝒎 = 0.1273
𝐷𝑐 175 𝐷𝑜 + 𝐷𝑖
𝑇𝑐 = 𝐹 𝑓𝑐 = (18)(0.20) 𝐷𝑐 = = 175 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2
= 𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝑵. 𝒎

𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐 = 254.43 + 315 = 569.43 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 = 𝟓𝟔𝟗. 𝟒𝟑 𝑵. 𝒎

𝑇𝑡 569.43
∴ 𝑇𝑡 = 𝐹. 𝑙 → 𝑭 = = = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟖 𝑵 𝑙 = length of lever
𝑙 0.400

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 EXAMPLES
ii) Lowering the load:
𝐹𝐷𝑝 𝑓 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 18(100) 0.15 − 0.1273
𝑇𝑑 = = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝑵. 𝒎
2 1 + 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 2 1 + (0.15)(0.1273
𝑇𝑐 = 𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝑵. 𝒎

𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐 = 20.05 + 315 = 335.05 kN. mm = 𝟑𝟑𝟓. 𝟎𝟓 𝑵. 𝒎

𝑇𝑡 335.05
∴𝑭= = = 𝟖𝟑𝟕. 𝟔 𝑵
𝑙 0.400

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 7: An elevator type lift is being designed to raise a load of up to 5000
pounds between floors. Two square-thread lead screws with 1½ inches major diameter
and 1.208 inches inner diameter, are used for this application. There are three threads
per inch of the screw. Determine the torque required to raise the lift if the moving part of
elevator weighs 5800 pounds and the coefficient of friction is assumed to be 0.15. Also,
find the efficiency and power required if each lead screw is driven at 175 rpm. Verify if it
is self-locking.
Solution:
i. Since there are two lead screws then 𝐹 = 𝐹/2. 1.5 + 1.208
𝐷𝑝 = = 1.354"
𝐹 𝐷𝑝 𝐿 + 𝜋𝑓𝐷𝑝 2
𝑇𝑢 = 1
2 2 𝜋𝐷𝑝 − 𝑓𝐿 𝐿= = 1/3"
𝑛
5800 1.354 1/3 + 𝜋(0.15)(1.354) 1/3
= tan 𝜆 = = 0.0784
2 2 1 𝜋(1.354)
𝜋(1.354) − 0.15 3
= 𝟒𝟓𝟑. 𝟕 𝐢𝐧. 𝐥𝐛 (per screw)

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 EXAMPLES
𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ (1 − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ) 0.0784 (1 − (0.15)(0.0784)
ii. 𝑒 = = = 𝟑𝟒%
𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 0.0784 + 0.15

5800
𝐹𝐿 (1/3)
2
𝑒= = = 𝟑𝟒%
2𝜋(𝑇𝑢 ) 2𝜋(453.7)

iii. Power required:

𝑇𝑁 (453.7)(175)
∴𝑃= = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔 𝒉𝒑 (𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅 𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒘) or 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐 𝒉𝒑 (𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍)
63000 63000

iv. Verifying if self-locking:

𝑓 > tan 𝜆 tan 𝜆 = 0.0784
0.15 > 0.0784
∴ 𝒊𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇 − 𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈!

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 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 8:The lead screw of a lathe has ACME threads of 50 mm outside diameter
and 8 mm pitch. The screw must exert an axial pressure of 2500 N in order to drive the
tool carriage. The thrust is carried on a collar 110 mm outside diameter and 55 mm
inside diameter and the lead screw rotates at 30 rpm. Determine (a) the power required
to drive the screw; and (b) the efficiency of the lead screw. Assume a coefficient of
friction of 0.15 for the screw and 0.12 for the collar.
Solution:
𝐹𝐷𝑝 cos ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ + 𝑓 ∅ = 14.5𝑜
𝑇𝑢 = 𝑝
2 cos ∅ − 𝑓𝑡𝑎𝑛 λ 𝐷𝑝 = 𝐷𝑜 − = 46𝑚𝑚
2
2500(46) cos 14.5) (0.0554) + 0.15 𝐿 = 𝑝 = 8mm
=
2 cos 14.5 − 0.15(0.0554) 8
tan 𝜆 = = 0.0554
𝜋(46)
= 12,196.30 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑐 82.5 110 + 55
𝑇𝑐 = 𝐹𝑓𝑐 = (2500)(0.12) = 12,375 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 𝐷𝑐 = = 82.5 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2
𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇𝑢 + 𝑇𝑐 = 12,196.30 + 12,375 = 𝟐𝟒, 𝟓𝟕𝟏. 𝟑 𝑵. 𝒎𝒎

∴ 𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁 = 2𝜋 24.5713 30/60 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟗 𝒌𝑾

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 EXAMPLES
𝐹𝐿 2500(8)
𝑒= = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟓 or 𝟏𝟑%
2𝜋 𝑇𝑡 2𝜋(24,571.3)

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