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    Exercises 5

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    Jerry Cohen
    The document discusses three topics: 1) calculating the dipole matrix element for the 1s-2p transition in hydrogen, 2) absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation in ammonia molecules, 3) the magnetic field distribution in a superconductor. It provides calculations and questions about transition probabilities, absorption coefficients, and the London penetration depth.

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    Exercises 5

    Uploaded by

    Jerry Cohen
    12 views2 pages
    The document discusses three topics: 1) calculating the dipole matrix element for the 1s-2p transition in hydrogen, 2) absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation in ammonia molecules, 3) the magnetic field distribution in a superconductor. It provides calculations and questions about transition probabilities, absorption coefficients, and the London penetration depth.

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    exercises for atomic physics

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    Exercises5

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    The document discusses three topics: 1) calculating the dipole matrix element for the 1s-2p transition in hydrogen, 2) absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation in ammonia molecules, 3) the magnetic field distribution in a superconductor. It provides calculations and questions about transition probabilities, absorption coefficients, and the London penetration depth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views2 pages

    Exercises 5

    Uploaded by

    Jerry Cohen
    The document discusses three topics: 1) calculating the dipole matrix element for the 1s-2p transition in hydrogen, 2) absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation in ammonia molecules, 3) the magnetic field distribution in a superconductor. It provides calculations and questions about transition probabilities, absorption coefficients, and the London penetration depth.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exercises PHY141 Physik IV / Moderne Physik II - Series 5

    Hand-out: 10.04.2024, Discussion: 17.04.2024

    1. Dipole matrix elements for the 1s→2p transition in hydrogen


    Consider optical transitions betwee the first and second electron shell of the hydro-
    gen atom in the dipole approximation. Assume the light propagates in x direction.
    Let the two linear polarization states be E ⃗ 0 := (0, 0, Ez ) = E⃗ez and E ⃗ 1 := E⃗ey , z is
    a quantization axis. The dipole matrix element is given as:
       
    0 r sin θ cos φ
    V12 = −E⃗ ·⃗µ12 := −E⃗ ·⟨ψ2lm |er̂|ψ100 ⟩ = −e  Ey  · ⟨ψ210 |  r sin θ sin φ  |ψ100 ⟩.
    Ez r cos θ

    (a) Given the symmetry of the problem, it is sufficient to consider only one transi-
    tion: Calculate µ⃗ 12 = (µx , µy , µz ) für ∆m = 0 and give the polarization of the
    light necessary for this transition.
    Hint 1: you know the relevant wave functions from previous exercises:
    1 −3/2 1 r
    ψ100 = √ a0 e−r/a0 and ψ210 = √ a−3/2
    0 e−r/2a0 cos θ.
    π 4 2π a0

    Hint 2: you can use that


    Z ∞  5 Z π
    −3r/2a0 4 2a0
    e r dr = 4! and cos2 θ sin θ dθ = 2/3
    0 3 0

    (b) What is the Einstein coefficient B12 for the absorption?


    (c) Using B12 , calculate the Einstein coefficient B21 of stimulated emission.
    (d) From B21 , compute the Einstein coefficient A21 of spontaneous emission, and
    use it to find the life time τ2p of the excited state. The angular frequency of
    the transition is ω = 1.55 × 1016 Hz (10.2 eV).

    2. Absorption and emission of electromagnetic radiation in the ammonia


    molecule
    Consider an ammonia molecule in a microwave cavity. Upon irradiation with the
    resonance frequency, oscillation of the states occurs with a period dependent on the
    amplitude of the electromagnetic field (Rabi frequency). Now consider the case of
    irradiation with a frequency that does not correspond to the resonance frequency.

    (a) What is the probability of the + state being assumed when a system is started
    in the state –? Assume that the electromagnetic radiation is irradiated for
    a time T that is short compared to the period of the state oscillation in the
    resonant case and integrate the equation for a+ .
    (b) Now consider an electromagnetic wave with a broad frequency spectrum I(ω),
    ⃗ × H|⟩.
    where the intensity I is given by I = ⟨|E ⃗ Hint: the resonance curve is
    very narrow around ω = ω0 .
    (c) How does the result relate to the Einstein coefficients A and B?

    3. Magnetic Field Distribution in a Superconductor


    Show that the magnetic field Bz (x) inside an infinitely extended plate in the yz-plane
    with thickness d has a profile of the following form:

    cosh(x/λL )
    Bz (x) = B0
    cosh(d/2λL )

    Here, B0 = Bz (±d/2) is the field at the edge of the plate, and λL is the London
    penetration depth.

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