Chapter (9) Welding

Yangon Technological University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Workshop Technology II
WS-22012
Chapter (9)
Welding
Daw Ei Ei Soe
Lecturer
09757866071
[email protected]
1. Define welding? What are the various ways of
classifying welding?
The welding is a process of joining two similar or
dissimilar metals by the application of heat, with or
without the applications of pressure and filler metals.
Different welding methods can be classified as
follows based on
i. The source of heat
ii. The method of joining surfaces as lap, butt, V, tee or
groove
iii. The application of pressure
iv. The type of interaction, that is liquid/ liquid (fusion
welding) or solid/ solid (solid state welding)
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2. What are the advantages of welding?
Welding has the following advantages:
i. It produces a permanent joint.
ii. The overall cost of welding equipment is generally
low.
iii. Many portable welding instruments are available.
iv. A large number of metals can be welded.
v. A good weld is as strong as the base metal.
vi. Welding can be employed from limited portion to
any length.
vii.Welding operations can be mechanized for
production. 3
3. What are the disadvantages of welding?
i. Welding creates residual stresses and distortion in
workpieces.
ii. Edge preparation is generally required before welding.
iii. A skilled welder is essential for performing a good
welding operation.
iv. Since welding produces internal stresses, the workpiece
often requires annealing or stress-relieving.
v. Welding produces structural, physical and chemical
changes.
vi. Jigs and fixtures are needed to hold parts in position.
vii. Welding gives off harmful radiations like light, fumes
and spatters. 4
4. What is gas welding?
▪ Gas welding is a non-pressure fusion-welding
process and includes all processes in which
gas is used as a source heat to melt the ends
of the pieces to be joined on solidification.
▪A filler metal is needed in welding of sheets
above 1.5 mm thickness but no filler metal
needed for welding below 1.5 mm thickness.
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5. Describe the various gas combination of gas
welding? Why is oxy-acetylene welding
preferred over other welding techniques?
▪ Various gas combinations like oxy-hydrogen, oxy-
propane, oxy-acetylene ad oxy-coal gas may be
used for producing a hot flame for welding of
metals..
The oxy-acetylene flame is most widely used as it
produces very high temperatures (3500C) and can
be used for welding of a variety of ferrous and non-
ferrous materials.
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6. How many categories of welding flames
and how are they classified?
Welding flames can be classified broadly
into the following three categories. They are
i. Neutral flame
ii. Oxidizing flame
iii. Reducing flame
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7. Applications of Gas Welding
i. It is a versatile process for joining thin materials.
ii. For joining material that contain certain elements that
will escape into the atmosphere under the effect of
high temperature.
iii. For joining most of the ferrous and non-ferrous metals,
e.g., mild steels, low carbon steels, alloy steels, cast
iron, copper, aluminium, nickel, magnesium etc.. And
this alloys
iv. In automotive and aircraft industry
v. Sheet metal fabrication plants
8. What are the instruments used in oxy-acetylene
welding?
The various instruments used in oxy-acetylene welding are
▪ Acetylene Cylinders ▪ Apron

▪ Oxygen cylinder ▪ Gloves
▪ Trolley ▪ Spindle Key
▪ Hose and Hose fitting ▪ Wire Brushes
▪ Pressure regulators ▪ File and Hammer
▪ Welding torch ▪ Welding rods and fluxes
▪ Goggles ▪ Spanner Set
▪ Spark Lighter
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9. What are the commonly used in gas-welding
techniques?
The commonly used in gas-welding
techniques are
i. Leftward or forehand welding
ii. Rightward or backhand welding
iii. Vertical welding
iv. Overhead welding
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10. Arc welding
It is a welding process in which, to form a molten pool of
metal, heat is produced by an electric arc, generally
without the application of pressure and with or without
the application of a filter metal. The commonly used arc
welding processes are
i. Carbon arc welding
ii. Metal arc welding
iii. Inert gas arc welding
iv. Submerged arc welding
v. Atomic hydrogen welding
vi. Shielded metal arc welding
vii.Dip transfer arc welding
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11. Welding Equipment
The equipment required for MMAW are listed below
i. Ac or dc welding supply
ii. Electrode holder
iii. Welding cable
iv. Ground clamp
v. Welding electrodes
vi. Welding helmet and hand shield
vii.Protective clothings like apron and hand gloves
viii.Chipping hammer
ix. Wire brush
x. files
12. Tungsten Inert Gas Arc Welding (TIG)
▪In TIG arc welding process, the arc is established between

the tungsten electrode and the parent metal.
▪The electrode is mounted centrally on a nozzle-shaped
hoof through which an inert gas is passed.
▪The inert gases used are helium or argon. Filler metal if
required is fed separately.
▪This process is specially used for welding light alloys and
non-ferrous materials like aluminium, copper and
magnesium.
▪Welds produced by TIG welding are strong, ductile, free
from distortion and corrosion resistant.
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Fig. Tungsten Inert Gas Arc Welding (TIG)
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13. Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding (MIG)
▪The main difference between TIG and MIG is that in TIG

the electrode is made of tungsten whereas in MIG the
electrode is made of metal having the same composition
as the base metal.
▪The process in suitable for welding almost every metal like
stainless steel, all types of plain carbon steels, manganese
steels, brass, copper, aluminium, magnesium and their
alloys.
▪This process is faster, gives deeper penetration with strong
and tough joints.
▪The quality of weld produced is high and free from
blowholes, porosity and gas contaminats. 18
Fig. Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding (MIG)
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Yangon Technological University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

▪ Acetylene Cylinders ▪ Apron

▪In TIG arc welding process, the arc is established between

▪The main difference between TIG and MIG is that in TIG

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