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    Class-VII SST Notes-1 New Kings and Kindoms

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    Class-VII SST Notes-1 New Kings and Kindoms

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    80 views3 pages

    Class-VII SST Notes-1 New Kings and Kindoms

    Uploaded by

    divyaansh.arora

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    CLASS – VII Subject- SOCIAL SCIENCE Chapter Name- New Kings and Kingdoms

    General Instructions:
    1. Read the NCERT History Textbook Ch-2 ‘New Kings and Kingdoms’.
    2. Take printout of the Question Answers given below and save them in a file.

    QUESTION-ANSWERS

    Q1. Who were the parties involved in the ‘Tripartite Struggle’?


    Answer: The three parties which fought for control of Kanauj were the rulers belonging to the Gurjara-Pratihara,
    Rashtrakutas and Pala dynasties.

    Q2. What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahmanas?
    Answer: The Chahmanas controlled Delhi and Ajmer.

    Q3. How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?


    Answer: 1) Initially, Rashtrakutas were subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka.
    2) In the mid-eighth century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief overthrew his Chalukya Overlord.
    3) He performed a ritual called Hiranya garbha (the golden womb) after which he was believed to have taken
    rebirth as a Kshatriya.

    Q4. What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?


    Answer: 1) Once the kings gained power, they adopted high sounding titles such as maharaja-adhiraja (great
    king), tribhuvana chakravartin (lord of the three worlds).
    2) They performed rituals like hiranya-garbha with the help of Brahmanas which was believed to led to the
    rebirth of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya.
    3) Many rulers described their achievements in Prashastis composed by learned Brahmanas.
    4) Rulers also tried to demonstrate their power and resources by building large temples.

    Q5. What were Prashastis?


    Answer: 1) Prashastis were the texts written in praise of kings through which rulers were portrayed as valiant,
    victorious warriors etc.
    2) These were composed by learned Brahmanas who were rewarded by grants of land by the king.

    Q6. Who was Kalhana?


    Answer: Kalhana was an author who wrote a long Sanskrit poem in the 12 th Century containing the history of
    kings who ruled over Kashmir.
    Q7. How did Cholas rise to power?
    Answer: 1) A minor chiefly family known as Muttaraiyar who were subordinates to the Pallava kings held power
    in the Kaveri delta.
    2) Vijayalaya who belonged to the ancient family of Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the delta from Muttaraiyar in
    9th Century and built the town of Thanjavur.
    3) Rajaraja I, considered the most powerful Chola ruler became king in 985 and expanded control over
    neighbouring regions.
    4) Rajaraja’s son Rajendra I continued his policies and raided the Ganga valley, Sri Lanka and countries of South
    East Asia.

    Q8. Describe the main features of administration of the Cholas.


    Answer: 1) The empire was divided into mandalams or provinces, further sub-divided into nadu consisting of
    groups of villages. Settlements of peasants were known as Ur.
    2) The village’s council and nadu performed several administrative functions including collecting taxes and
    dispensing justice under the supervision of Central Chola government.
    3) The Chola kings gave some rich landowners title like muvendavelan (a peasant serving three kings), araiyar
    (chief) as markers of respect and entrusted them with important offices.
    4) Each Brahmadeya (land gifted to Brahmans) was looked after by an assembly of Brahmana landholders known
    as Sabha.
    5) Associations of traders known as nagarams performed administrative functions in towns.

    Q9. How was the Sabha organized?


    Answer: 1) The sabha had separate committees to look after irrigation works, temples etc.
    2) Names of these eligible to be members of these committees were written on small tickets of palm leaf.
    3) These tickets were put into an earthenware pot from which a young boy was asked to take the tickets one by
    one for each committee.

    Q10. What were the difference between raids of Mahmud of Ghazni and Muhammad Ghori?

    Mahmud of Ghazni Muhammad Ghori

    1. He ruled over Ghazni in 1. He ruled over Ghor kingdom in


    Afghanistan from 997 to 1030 A.D. Afghanistan from 1173-1206.
    2. He extended control over parts of 3. His empire spread over parts of
    Central Asia, Iran, north western Iran, Afghanistan, India & Pakistan.
    part of subcontinent.

    4. He raided the subcontinent almost 3 He invaded India not for its wealth
    every year for its wealth. but also, to expand his empire.
    For eg. Plunder of Somnath temple For eg. Conquest of Delhi by
    in Gujarat defeating Prithviraj III.
    Q11. What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola
    Empire?
    Answer: 1) All those who wish to become members of the sabha should have been the owners of land from
    which land revenue was collected.
    2) They should have had their own homes.
    3) They should have been between 35 to 70 years of age.
    4) They should have had the knowledge of the Vedas.
    5) They should have been well versed in administrative matters and should have been honest.
    6) If any one had been a member of any committee in the last three years, he could not become a member of any
    other committee.

    Q12. What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil region?
    Answer: 1) In the delta region, canals were constructed to carry the water to the fields.
    2) In some areas, wells were dug.
    3) Huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater.

    Q13. What were the activities associated with Chola temples?


    Answer: 1) Chola temples became the nuclei of settlements which grew around them. Besides being places of
    worship, temples became the hub of economic, social and cultural life as well.
    2) These were the centres of craft production, of which the making of bronze images was the most distinctive.
    3) The produce of the temple land went into maintaining all the specialists who worked at the temple and lived
    near it such as priests, garland makers, cooks, musicians, sweepers, etc.

    Q14. Briefly explain the developments in the field of agriculture under the Cholas.
    Answer: 1) In an effort to expand agricultural produce, forests were cleared in some regions and land was
    levelled in other areas.
    2) In the delta region, embankments were built to prevent flooding.
    3) A variety of methods were used for irrigation such as:
     In some areas, wells were dug.
     In other places, huge tanks were constructed to collect rain water.
     Canals were built to carry river water to the fields.

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