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    Exp 4 HYDRAULICS & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING Lab

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    muhammad.bsce226

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    Exp 4 HYDRAULICS & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING Lab

    Uploaded by

    muhammad.bsce226
    18 views4 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views4 pages

    Exp 4 HYDRAULICS & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING Lab

    Uploaded by

    muhammad.bsce226

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    EXPERIMENT 4: TO STUDY CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW OVER BROAD

    CRESTED WEIR.
    Apparatus:

    ➢ Tilting Flow Channel.


    ➢ Broad Crested weir.
    ➢ Stainless Steel Hook and point gauge.
    ➢ Stopwatch and water meter.

    Theory:

    A broad-crested weir is a flat-crested structure with a crest length large compared to the flow
    thickness. When the crest is ‘broad’ enough for the flow streamlines to be parallel to the crest, the
    pressure distribution above the crest is hydrostatic and the critical flow depth is observed on the
    weir crest. It is practically impossible to generalize their behavior because a wide variety of crest
    and cross-sectional shapes of the weir are used in practice. In this experiment the salient flow
    characteristics of only a simple, rectangular, horizontal broad-crested weir are studied.
    Formula:
    3
    2 2
    For a rectangular Broad crested weir: Q = 𝐶𝑑 √2𝑔 𝐿𝐻1
    3

    where:

    Q = Volume flow rate (m3/s)


    Volume/time (using measuring tank or water meter)
    Cd = Coefficient of discharge (Dimensionless)
    L = Length of the weir measured in a transverse direction to the flow (m)
    Bw = Width of the weir measured in the longitudinal direction (m)
    H1 = Head above crest of weir (upstream) (m)
    g = Gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2)
    P = Height of weir crest above bed (m)

    When the ratio of H1/Bw is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.35 than it is called
    broad crested weir. The head H1 is to be measured upstream of the weir surface at a distance of
    about 4.0 H1 from the weir crest.

    Considerable experimental investigations have been conducted to study the variation of Cd.
    Govinda Rao and Muralidhar on the basis of extensive studies have given the following
    expressions for the variation of Cd for broad-crested weirs:

    𝐻1
    𝐶𝑑 = 0.028 ( ) + 0.521
    𝐵𝑊
    Procedure:

    1. Ensure the flume is level and record the actual length L (m) and width BW (m) of the
    Broad Crested weir.
    2. Install broad crest weir securely to the channel.
    3. For better experiment result, the gaps between the weir and the channel should be
    sealed on the upstream side.
    4. Install hook and point gauges on the channel sides at upstream of the weir.
    5. Measure the height of the weir (P) and record the data.
    6. The datum for all measurements will be the top edge of the weir, hook and point gauge
    (optional) must be adjusted to coincide with the edge of the broad crest weir or the
    water level which coincide with the edge of the broad crest weir.
    7. In order to set the water level as the datum reading, fill the flume with water by opening
    the flow control valve and admit water into the channel until it discharges over the weir
    then close the flow control valve, when water stops flowing over the weir and water
    level is stable, record water level as datum reading.
    8. Turn on water pump, open the flow control valve, let water flow through the flume.
    9. Adjust the flow of water into the flume to obtain the head H1, and record the volume
    flow rate (Q) using the direct reading flow meter.
    10. Readjust the flow of water into the flume to obtain heads H1, with an increment of 10
    mm, then record the volume flow rate (Q).
    11. Please noted that, for better result the level gauge must be placed far enough upstream
    from the weir.
    12. Calculate the coefficient of discharge.
    Table:

    Sr. No Flow Flow Head above 𝟑

    rate Q rate Q crest of weir. 𝑯𝟏𝟐 Cd, calculated Cd, predicted


    (L/min) (m3/s) H1 (m) (𝒎)

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    Calculations:

    Conclusion/Comment:

    __________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________

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