Question Bank - Applied Physics - I 2021 Revision
Question Bank - Applied Physics - I 2021 Revision
Question Bank - Applied Physics - I 2021 Revision
Important Questions
Important Questions
1. A circular motion is said to be uniform when a particle moves along a circular path with a
constant speed
2. The angle described by a body moving along a circular path in a given time is known as
𝑠
angular displacement (𝜃 = 𝑟 ) : SI unit is radian (rad)
3. If a body completes one revolution around a circle, its angular displacement is 2π radians.
𝜃
4. The angular displacement per unit time is called angular velocity: (𝜔 = 𝑡 ).
SI unit is rad/s
𝜔2 − 𝜔1
5. The rate of change of angular velocity is called angular acceleration (𝛼 = ).
𝑡
SI unit is rad/s2
2𝜋
6. The time required to complete one revolution is called period: (𝑇 = )
𝜔
7. The acceleration of a particle moving along a circular path with uniform speed is always
𝑣2
directed towards the centre of the circle is called centripetal acceleration. (𝑎𝑐 = )
𝑟
8. The force which, acting along the radius towards the centre of the circular path, causes
𝑚𝑣 2
the body to move in a circle with constant speed is called centripetal force. (𝐹𝑐 = )
𝑟
12. The height of the outer rail above the inner rail in the banked rail track is called
𝑣2𝐷
superelevation. (𝑆 = )
𝑟𝑔
13. body that does not change its size or shape under the action of external forces is called a
rigid body
14. The property of an object to resist any change in its state of rotational motion is called
moment of inertia.
15. The product of the mass of the particle and the square of the distance of the body from
the axis is called moment of inertia. (𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 2 ). SI unit is kgm2.
16. The effective distance of the particles of the body from the axis of rotation is called
𝐼
radius of gyration. (𝐾 = √𝑀 ). SI unit is meter.
17. Moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod, about an axis through its centre and
1
perpendicular to its length is (𝐼 = 12 𝑚𝑙 2 ) .
18. Moment of inertia of a ring, about an axis through the centre and perpendicular to its
plane is (𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅 2 ).
19. Moment of inertia of a thin uniform circular disc, about an axis through the centre and
1
perpendicular to its plane is (𝐼 = 2 𝑀𝑅 2 ).
2
20. Moment of inertia of a solid sphere, about any diameter is (𝐼 = 5 𝑀𝑅 2 ).
2
21. Moment of inertia of a hollow sphere, about any diameter. (𝐼 = 3 𝑀𝑅 2 ).
22. The product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the
force and the axis of rotation is called torque. (𝜏 = 𝐹𝑟). SI unit is Nm.
23. The product of momentum of inertia and angular acceleration of a body is called torque.
(𝜏 = 𝐼𝛼).
24. The product of the moment of inertia about the axis of rotation and the angular velocity is
called angular momentum. (𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔). SI unit is Js.
1. Explain the banking of curves by applying the concept of centripetal force. Problem
related to angle of banking or super elevation of rail tracks.
2. Explain why the outer edge of the road is raised above the inner edge of the road at
curves. Derive the expression for angle of banking.
3. Define the moment of inertia of a rigid body. State and explain parallel axes theorem and
perpendicular axes theorem.
4. Distinguish between torque and angular momentum. Explain the law of conservation of
angular momentum with an example.
MODULE 3: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
Important Questions
1. The product of force and displacement in the direction of force is called work. (W=FS).
SI unit is Joule.
2. The capacity or ability of a body to do work is called energy. SI unit is Joule.
1
3. The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called kinetic energy. ( K = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 )
24. Metals have a high value of thermal conductivity due to the presence of a large number of
free electrons.
25. Convection is the phenomenon in which heat is transferred from one place to another by
the actual movement of the particles of a heated substance.
26. Wind is an example of a natural convection.
27. The main mechanism of heat transfer inside a human body is forced convection. The
heart serves as the pump and blood as the circulating fluid.
28. The fastest mode of heat transfer is radiation.
29. The type of radiation associated with the transfer of heat energy from one location to
another location is often known as infrared radiation or thermal radiation.
30. The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the quantity of heat required to
𝑄
raise the temperature of the unit mass of a substance through one kelvin. ( 𝐶 = 𝑚Δ𝑇 ). SI
unit is Jkg-1K-1.
1. What are the different types of works? Write one example for each type of work.
2. Distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy.
3. Write a short note on solar energy
4. Examples of various types of energy transformation (Any three can be asked).
5. Show that power is the product of force and velocity of a body.
6. Problems related to energy or power.
7. Explain the causes of friction.
8. Distinguish between static friction and kinetic friction
9. Distinguish between sliding friction and rolling friction.
10. What are the advantages of friction?
11. What are the disadvantages of friction?
12. Distinguish between heat and temperature.
13. List various types of thermometers.
14. Explain the working mercury thermometer
15. Distinguish between natural convection and forced convection.
16. What do you mean by specific heat capacity?
17. Learn practical applications of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity.
Important Questions
1. The property of solids to retain its original size or shape after the removal of deforming
force is called elasticity.
2. The property of a material to undergo permanent deformation under applied force is
called plasticity.
3. The internal restoring force developed per unit area in a body when deforming forces are
𝐹
applied to it is called stress. (𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝐴 ). SI unit is N/m2or pascal.
4. Strain is defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension of a body.
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ). Strain has no unit.
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
5. The elastic limit of a substance is defined as the maximum stress that can be applied to
the substance before it becomes permanently deformed and does not return to its original
state.
6. The ratio of stress to strain is called elastic modulus. SI unit is N/m2or pascal.
7. Young’s Modulus is defined as the ratio of longitudinal stress to the longitudinal strain.
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐿
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 , 𝑌 = ).
𝐴Δ𝐿
8. Rigidity modulus or shear modulus () is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐹
strain. (𝑅𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 = 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 , 𝜂 = )
𝐴𝜃
9. Bulk modulus (B) is defined as the ratio of volume stress to volume strain.
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑉
(𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 , 𝐵 = )
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 Δ𝑉
1 Δ𝑉
10. The reciprocal of bulk modulus is called compressibility. (𝐾 = 𝐵 = ). SI unit is Pa-1.
P𝑉
11. Pressure (P) is defined as the perpendicular or normal force acting per unit area of a
𝐹
substance. (𝑃 = 𝐴) . SI unit is N/m2or pascal.
12. 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 105𝑃𝑎 and 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 100 𝑃𝑎, 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.013 × 105 𝑃𝑎 = 76 𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑔
13. Surface tension is the property of a liquid surface to reduce its surface area to a minimum
as possible due to the force exerted on molecules of the surface by the molecules of the
bulk.
14. Surface tension can be defined as the force per unit length acting tangential to the surface
𝐹
of the liquid to reduce the surface area of the liquid. (𝑆 = 𝑙 ). SI unit is N/m.
15. The extra energy possessed by the surface layer of the liquid is called surface energy.
(𝑈 = 𝑆 𝐴).
16. The force of attraction between molecules of the same kind are called cohesion or
cohesive forces.
17. The force of attraction between molecules of the different kinds are called adhesion or
adhesive forces.
18. The angle between the tangent to the liquid surface at the point of contact and the solid
surface inside the liquid is termed the angle of contact.
19. Capillarity is a consequence of surface tension.
20. Capillary rise – acute angle of contact and capillary depression – obtuse angle of contact
2𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
21. Ascent formula: ℎ = 𝑟𝜌𝑔
22. Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within flowing
𝜌𝑣𝑑
fluid. 𝑅𝑒 = .
𝜂
23. Streamline flow – Reynolds number below 1000 and turbulent flow - Reynolds number
above 2000.
24. The property of a fluid by virtue of which it tends to resist the relative motion between
the layers of the fluid is called viscosity.
25. The viscous force (F) acting between two layers of the liquid is directly proportional to
the area of liquid layers and the velocity gradient between the layers (v2 - v1 / d).
𝐴(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )
𝐹=𝜂
𝑑
26. The uniform velocity attained by a body moving through a viscous medium when
downward forces on it is balanced by the upward forces is called terminal velocity.
27. Stoke’s formula: 𝐹 = 6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣
Part B: Short Answer type questions (3 mark)