(SIP) Examining The Viability of Sweet Potato Leaves and Eggplant Peels As An Acid Based Indicator
(SIP) Examining The Viability of Sweet Potato Leaves and Eggplant Peels As An Acid Based Indicator
(SIP) Examining The Viability of Sweet Potato Leaves and Eggplant Peels As An Acid Based Indicator
Examining The Viability Of Sweet potato Leaves (Ipomoea batatas) and Eggplant
Peels (Solanum melongena) As An Acid Based Indicator
Gian Albastro
Kean Mentoy
Mj Morales
ABSTRACT
This study is focused on examining the viability of sweet potato leaves and eggplant
peels as an acid-based indicator. In addition the researchers anticipate that the natural
This study also aims to compare and assess the effectiveness of both plants in
determining the acidity and basicity level of liquids/materials, in order to assess the
plants potential factors in measuring acidity level and basicity level, Both plants were
subjected to boiling, and concentrates were extracted for experimentation. The testing
began by pouring the extracted liquid onto the test samples (alternately) and observing
color changes, similarity, and recording each sample’s classification and comparing
The experiment was conducted in the academic year of 2023-2024 at the JHS Science
conviction, Furthermore, the results of the conducted experiment showed that both
indicators showed consistent color changes with varying shades and together share
similar attributes with synthetic indicators. This is because both plants used in the
Subsequently, we conclude that the experiment of sweet potato leaves and eggplant
CHAPTER I
leaves, and eggplant leaves as a means to detect acidity and basicity without relying on
environmentally sustainable and cost-effective method for identifying acidic and basic
substances. Currently synthetic indicators are commonly used, but they can be harmful
leaves, this study seeks to offer a practical, eco-friendly alternative for detecting acids
and bases. The potential application of these natural materials in fields such as
chemistry and environmental science could offer a solution that is both accessible and
environmentally friendly,
Also this study holds significant importance for schools in the Philippines that lack
advanced laboratory tools and synthetic indicators. Successful outcomes from this
research could offer these schools a straightforward yet reliable approach for
and cost-effective natural resources like cassava, sweet potato, and eggplant leaves,
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The main objective of this study is to compare and examine the plant based indicator to
each other, as well as assess the accuracy of each indicator to identify if it’s basic or
acid
Specific Problems
2. Are the indicators reliable and accurate than commercially available synthetic
indicators?
Science
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The main objective of this study is to make a natural and accessible acid based
Education
This study is also dedicated to contribute for education in science in Philippine resource
pH testing.
This is essential to some school’s who cannot afford or the material is not available in
the particular area to be able to conduct scientific experiments on this particular matter.
Future Researchers
Our study is a starting point for further investigation of natural indicators and analytical
chemistry and Biology and our findings could be used by future researchers to improve
methods, explore new sources of plants and expand their applications in various areas
Environment
Our study heavily contributes to the environmental factors of the worlds ecosystem,
substitutes help in the earths cleanliness while still maintaining importance of chemical /
biochemical study.
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The study will focus on proving if sweet potato leaves and eggplant peels can be used
as an acid based indicator but has few delimitations & limitations like:
1. The research does not explore broader applications of these indicators beyond
CHAPTER II
Acid Indicators
Helmenstine, Ph.D, are compounds that change color based on the solution or liquid
change colors depending on how strong and weak it, with how strong and weak it is,
it can be shown how acidic or basic it is. Dr. Anne Marie states that pH indicators
usually have weak acids or have a weak bases. It was stated by Puja Roy that pH
indicators have weak acids or have weak bases due to the presence of natural dye
to help indicate any hydrogen. Dr. Anne Marie also stated that, when using pH
indicators in a diluted solution, the acidity and the alkalinity of the solution will not
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make the pH indicator react as much. Dr. Anne Marie also stated that pH indicators
can only give a rough estimation of how acidic or basic it is, so for better estimation a
pH Meter should be used. Dr. Anne Marie stated that, pH indicators works due
more Hydrogen Cation or Hydronium Ion the lower the pH level but is more acidic
but if the less the Hydronium Ion or Hydrogen Cation the higher pH level but the
more basic it is, because pH also shows much Hydrogen Cation Concentration or
Puja Roy, stated that pH indicators are halochromic, which means that they change
color when pH changes, when it lowers or gets higher which corresponds with how
basic or acidic solution is and how weak or strong the solution is.
indicators have many versatile uses, including the pH of Farm Soil, Shampoo, Fruit
Juices and bodies of water. And pH indicators can be seen in nature, so being able
to see them in plants and flowers can indicate the pH of the dirt and soil they grow
from.
pH indicators are important they have a lot of uses as stated as the statement before
but as stated by Aperainst, they have many uses such as being in the Agriculture
and gardening because plants usually like to be in Soil with pH of 6.0 to 7.0 if this is
not so then the plants would die. In the Aquaculture and aquatic ecosystems if the
pH of the sea is too high or too low, many of the fish species would die. In the Water
treatment it is very important due to many complications if water pH is too low, pipes
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that it passes through would degrade and metal poison the water, if the pH is too
high, the water may taste. In the Food industry it would be used to test quality, and to
prolong the shelf life of many foods. In the Brewing and winemaking it uses is to
keep wine in check to let it ferment for a long time but the most important for this
Acid , as stated by the Britannia Encyclopedia, are any substance that if put it in
water is sour, it also reacts to blue litmus paper turning it red, in general an acid is to
include liquid compound that show acidic behavior as pure compounds or when
dissolved in solvents other than water. Examples of acids are sulfur trioxide,
Acids as stated by Byju are that Acids are Any material that contains hydrogen and
considered an acid. Any molecule or ion that can take up a hydrogen ion from an
As states by Ekta Purswani and John Williams that The Latin word acidus, which
meaning sour in flavor, is where the term “acid” originates. Acids are sour materials
that frequently combine with bases to create water and salt. In his thesis on
electrolytes, Arrhenius Svanter gave the first description of it in 1884. His theory
states that when an acid is dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen ions bases, as
when dissolved in water, becomes slick to the touch, tastes unpleasant, alters the
color of indicators (turning red litmus paper blue, for example), combines with acids
to form salts, and stimulates specific chemical reactions. Examples of Bases are
As stated by Dr. Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., Bases are A chemical species that
identification. They can taste harsh, have a tendency to be slippery to the touch,
react with acids to generate salts, and catalyze specific reactions. Its also stated by
Dr.
Anne Marie that the word base started to be more used in the year 1717 with the
French Chemist Loius Lémery. The word base was used as a synonym for an
alchemical concept.
Libretext also states that, Bases have a harsh flavor and are less commonly present
in foods than acids. Many bases, such as soaps, feel slick to the touch. Libretext
also states that Acids react with metals, but bases do not. Bases and acids react to
Anthocyanin
Anthocyanin is found more extensively in plants, and it’s a flavonoid color group of
red to blue. They are Water-Soluble meaning if put into water they’re pigment will
turn the water into the color of flower that you put into the water. In all cases of
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Anthocyanin, it is used to indicate acidity, alkaline or other words basic and neutral
with red being acid, blue the alkaline and purple for fundamental. There are many
kinds of plants
that contain Anthocyanin, such as blue cornflower, Bordeaux red cornflower, deep
red dahlias and red roses because they all have different acidity or alkaline levels.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
JelññPeels
• Eggplant
Acid – Based Indicator
• Sweet Potato Leaves
Explanation
METHODOLOGY
Beaker • Vinegar
Knife
Procedures:
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2. Preparation of Solutions
- Prepare solutions of known acidity levels using the following substances: baking
soda, borax solution, lemon extract, pineapple juice, vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, fresh
milk, and saline solution in a beaker.
- Label each solution accordingly.
- Analyze the effectiveness of eggplant peel and sweet potato leaf extracts as acid-
base indicators based on the observed color changes.
8. Cleanup:
- Dispose of any waste materials properly.
- Clean all equipment thoroughly to prevent contamination for future use.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
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The researchers have been able to distinguish a contrast of color changes in the
Moreover, the results demonstrate that both sweet potato leaves and eggplant peels
Their considerable similarity with commercial indicators, which highlight their potential
for reliable alternatives in the analysis of chemicals and an inexpensive substitute for
FINDINGS
The researchers found that both sweet potatoes) and eggplant (peels) to be proven
successful as an acid based – indicator and could be a possible basis for future studies
Comparison
Both emerged as effective indicators in the study. The primary distinction between the
two lies in their respective color changes observed in the test samples. Despite this
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difference, both exhibited reliable and consistent responses across various pH levels,
Figure 1.1 This table shows the results of conducted experiment, the table covers the
color changes of the indicator, the results from the litmus paper and its classification
-Color Change’s are recorded in shades of the original color (Not Accurate)
- All test samples reacted to the indicator except Milk, this may be due to exposure ,
type or etc.
When color changes range from red to brown, the substance is ACIDIC
While color changes that range from green to purple is BASIC – NEUTRAL
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Figure 1.2 This illustration shows the output of the conducted experiment on the Sweet
Potato Leaves.
Figure 1.3 This illustration shows the researchers proposed pH chart on the Sweet
Potato Leaves.
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Figure 2.1 This table shows the results of conducted experiment, the table covers the
color changes of the indicator, the results from the litmus paper and its classification
-Color Change’s are recorded in shades of the original color (Not Accurate)
-All test samples reacted to the indicator except Milk, this may be due to exposure, type,
or etc.
When color changes range from red to purple, the substance is ACIDIC
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While color ranges that range from green to yellow, the substance is BASIC -
NEUTRAL
Figure 2.2 This illustration shows the output of the conducted experiment on the
Eggplant Peels.
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Figure 2.3 This illustration shows the researchers proposed pH chart on the Eggplant
Peels.
CHAPTER V
Summary
This research in summary, is all about the exploring the viability of both sweet potato
leaves and eggplant peels as an acid based indicator by testing both in test samples. In
addition, this study is also about reducing waste and introduce a natural and affordable
alternative for acid indicators in academic research on science, furthermore this study
Conclusion
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confirming their sustainability for pH testing. This study not only highlights the potential
Recommendation
different methods of extraction and conditions for obtaining the most reliable pH –
to also investigate different factors such as variant, species, maturity and environmental
References
pH INDICATORS
2019 – https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-ph-indicator-605499
Roy, Puja, What is a pH Indicator and What is it Used for? August 2022 –
https://www.vedantu.com/blog/ph-indicator
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https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/
Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/
Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Acids_and_Bases/
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https://aperainst.com/blog/why-ph-is-important/
2023 https://www.britannica.com/science/acid
bases/
Ekta Purswani, John Williams, Acid | Definition, Types & Examples November 2023 ,
https://study.com/learn/lesson/acid-overview-types-examples-acid-in-chemistry.html
2023 https://www.britannica.com/science/base-chemical-compound
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https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-base-604382
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/
CHEM_100%3A_Foundations_of_Chemistry/14%3A_Acids_and_Bases/
14.03%3A_Bases%3A_Properties_and_Example
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