Omkar Darwade

BUSINESS FLOW

For Understanding SAP ABAP, we Need to Know about how Function Modules business
flow work. So, in this Article we Discuss some function modules which is important for ABAP.

• Functional Modules :
o SAP MM (Material Management)
o SAP SD (Sales and Distribution)
o SAP PP (Production Planning)
o SAP FICO (Finance and Controlling)
o SAP HR (Human Resources) → HCM (Human Capital Management)

• SAP MM (Material Management) :

The Material Management (MM) module is a part of logistics and helps in managing end to
end procurements and logistics business process, it is fully integrated with the other module (SD,
FI, CO, PM, QM, MW). Material Management is process involves the creation and maintenance of
material master data, including basic data, purchasing data, and accounting data.

1. Purchase Requisition: This process involves creating and managing purchase requisitions,
which are used to request the procurement of goods or services.

2. Purchase Order: This process involves creating and managing purchase orders, which are
used to order goods or services from vendors.

3. Goods Receipt: This process involves receiving and recording the receipt of goods or services
from vendors.

4. Invoice Verification: This process involves verifying the accuracy of vendor invoices and
accounting for the cost of goods or services.

5. Inventory Management: This process involves managing and tracking inventory levels,
including the movement of goods in and out of stock.

6. Material Requirement Planning: This process involves planning and scheduling the
procurement and production of materials to meet demand.

7. Material Valuation: This process involves valuating the stock based on different valuation
methods like FIFO, LIFO, standard price, moving average price etc.

8. Reporting and Analysis: This process involves generating and analysing various reports
related to materials management, such as inventory reports, purchase reports, and vendor
performance reports.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

Brief Flow :

IT

Purchase Requisition

Vendor Analysis Purchase Department

Best Vendor
Request For Quotation

Purchase Order

Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3

Quotation

Picking + Packing

Delivery + Delivery Notes

} Sales (SD)

Goods Issue

Invoice Verification

FI

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

Table wise data :

o Master Data
o Header Data
o Item Data

Master Data Header Data Item Data

LFA1 (Vendor Master Data) EKKO (Purchase Order Header Data) EKPO (Purchase order Item Data)
LIFNR (Vendor A/C No.) EBELN (Purchasing Doc. No) EBELP (Item No)
Primary Key Primary Key MATNR (Material No)
NAME1 (Vendor Name) AEDAT (Creation Date) MENGE (Quantity)
ORT01 (City) BUKRS (Company Code) MEINS (UOM)
PSTLZ (Postel Code) ZTERM (Payment Mode) NETPR (Unit Price)
STRAS (Street) LIFNR (Vendor A/C No) EBELN (Purchasing Doc. No)
Foreign Key Foreign Key

For More Information Visit : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_mm/index.htm

• SAP SD (Sales and Distribution) :

In SAP Sales And Distribution Module, along with the processing of normal Sales orders, you
can also create special business processes like configurable products, items manufactured on
order, etc. SAP Sales and Distribution is one of the key components of SAP ERP system and is used
to manage shipping, billing, selling and transportation of products and services in an organization.
SAP Sales and Distribution module is a part of SAP Logistics module that manages customer
relationship starting from raising a quotation to sales order and billing of the product or service.

Brief Flow :
Inquiry

Quotation

Sales order

Delivery

Invoice

FI

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

1. Inquiry : Once we receive the quotation from the customer then as a vendor, we need to check
whether we can deliver the goods with customer conditions or not.
2. Quotation : Once we finish the inquiry then as a vendor we need to send a quotation to the
particular customers.
3. Sales Order : Once we receive the purchase order from customer then as a vendor, we need to
raise the sales order while rising sales order we should know the partner functions.
➢ Sold-to-Party : Who has raised the purchase order.
➢ Ship-to-Party : Where we need to deliver the goods.
➢ Bill-to-Party : To whom we have to give the bill.
4. A/C Payable : Who is going to pay the money.
5. Delivery : After rising the sales order as a vendor, we need to deliver the goods.
6. Invoice : While delivery in the woods we need to send billing (invoice) document.
7. Finance : When we deliver the goods with billing vendor finance guy will interact with the
customer finance guy for final settlements.

Table wise Data :

o Master Data
o Header Data
o Item Data

Master Data Header Data Item Data

KNA1 (Customer Master Data) VBAK (Sales Order Header Data) VBAP (Sales Order Item Data)

KUNNAR (Customer A/C No) VBELN (Sales order Doc. No) POSNR (Item No)
Primary Key Primary Key MATNR (Material No)
NAME1 (Vendor Name) ERDAT (Creation Date) KWMENG (Quantity)
ORT01 (City) VKORG (Sales Organization) MEINS (UOM)
PSTLZ (Postel Code) NETWR (Total Amount) NETPR (Unit Price)
STRAS (Street) KUNNR (Customer A/C No) VBELN (Sales order Doc. No)
Foreign Key Foreign Key

For More Information Visit : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_sd/index.htm

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

• SAP PP (Production Planning) :

SAP Production Planning is one of the key modules in ERP and deals with planning processes,
such as capacity planning, material planning, execution of production order, bill of material and
goods movement. This Topic we Discuss the key concepts of SAP Production Planning (SAP PP).
Important components of SAP PP such as BOM, Work Centre, Data Centre, etc.
Production Planning is the process of aligning demand with Manufacturing capacity to create
production and procurement schedules for finished products and component materials. SAP PP is
an important module of SAP. Its track and makes a record of the manufacturing process flows.
SAP Production Planning is one of the key modules in ERP and deals with planning processes,
such as capacity planning, material planning, execution of production order, bill of material and
goods movement. SAP PP module handles the master data required for Bill of Materials (BOMs)
activity, work centre and routing, and keeps it in a separate component.

Brief Flow :
Demand Marketing (DM)

Material Requirement Planning (MRP)

Available Check Availability Not Available

Planning Order Purchase

Requisition

Production Order
Purchase Order

Production Dept.
Vendor

Goods

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

SAP PP submodules vary as per industry type like discrete production, repetitive production.
➢ Discrete production is an industry where produce materials change with each lot and costs
are calculated as per orders and lots.
➢ Repetitive production, the product is not changed for a long period of time. Production takes
place in total quantity and not in the form of individual lots.
For most of the industry types, above-mentioned planning and execution submodules are
commonly used. Before the production execution, many steps are performed as a part of the
planning process
Key Steps in Production Execution
Following are the key steps in executing a production order. It starts with a planned order and
ends with goods receipt against a Production order.
o Step 1.
Convert Planned Order to Production Order
The first step is to convert a planned order to production order. When you create a
production order, type is defined in SAP PP system.
o Step 2.
Issue the Production Order
To start the production process, it is necessary to issue production order. Till a production
order is released, execution of the production process cannot start.
o Step 3.
Issue Goods for Production Order
To execute the production order, goods need to be issued. Once goods are issued, the
document number can be updated in the system.
o Step 4.
Production Order Confirmation
All the sub processes are executed in accordance with the required operations to confirm
the production as per the production order.
o Step 5.
Good Receipts w.r.t Production Order
Once the execution of production order is complete, goods produced w.r.t production order
are received and placed in the storage area.

For More Information Visit : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_pp/index.htm

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

• SAP FICO (Finance and Controlling) :

Whenever customer pays money to vendor and whenever vendor receive money form
customer FICO module comes in picture. Controlling is the part of FI which deals with budget
control in real life.

❖ Components of FICO Module :

o ACCOUNTING Document Number
o Account Payable
o Account Receivable
o Asset Accounting

o ACCOUNTING Document Number :

In Each Module whenever payment made by customer and money is received by vendor
Accounting Document Number is generated.
o Account Payable :
Account Payable Document Number is Generated by customer when he is making
payment to vendor based on purchase order.

Purchase Requisition

Request for Quotation

Purchase order

Good Issue

Invoice Verification

A/C Doc Number

Account Payable

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

o Account Receivable :
Account Receivable Document Number is generated by vendor when he receives money
from customer based on sales order.

Inquiry

Quotation

Sales Order

Delivery

Invoice

A/C Doc Number

Account Payable

o Asset Accounting :
Asset Accounting Comes in a picture whenever a company purchases or sales an asset.

Purchase Requisition (Asset)

Request for Quotation (Asset)

Purchase order (Asset)

Good Issue (Asset)

Invoice Verification (Asset)

A/C Doc Number (Asset)

Account Payable (Asset)

For More Information Visit : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ebook/sap-fico-tutorial/index.asp

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

• SAP HR (Human Resources) → HCM (Human Capital Management) :

SAP Human Capital Management (SAP HCM) is one of the key modules in SAP and is also
called SAP Human Resource (HR) or SAP Human Resource Management System (SAP HRMS).

❖ Components of HR Module :
o Organizational Structure
o Payroll
o Time Management
o Travel Management
o Welfare
o Personal Administration
o Personality Development

o Organizational Structure :
Under Organizational Structure employee payroll Data, plant Data to which he belongs etc.
comes under Organization Structure.
o Payroll :
It involves payroll administration in module
o Time Management :
It Involves the entire time data of employees in HR Module.
o Travel Management :
It Involves all the travelling allowance incurred/raised by employee for travel place.
o Welfare :
Every company is responsible for welfare of their employees. All the welfare related
activities of employees are part of welfare management
o Personal Administration :
It is related to hiring, terminating, Motion Transfer, etc.
o Personality Development :
It Includes Training of employee’s time to time in a company.

For More Information Visit : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ebook/sap-hr-tutorial/index.asp

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

• System Variables in SAP :

• ABAP system variables are accessible from all ABAP programs.
• These fields are actually filled by the run-time environment.
• The values in these fields indicate the state of the system at any given point of time.
• You can find the complete list of system variables in the SYST table in SAP.
• Individual fields of the SYST structure can be accessed by using either “SYST-” or “SY-”.
• used System Variables are defined below.

1) SY-CPAGE : Holds Current Page Number

2) SY-CPROG : Contains Program Name
3) SY-CUCOL : Cursor Position (Column)
4) SY-CUROW : Cursor Position (Line)
5) SY-DATLO : Local Date for User
6) SY-DATUM : System Date
7) SY-DATUD : Global Date Related to UTC (GMT)
8) SY-DBCNT : Number of entries read by DB Operation
9) SY-DBNAM : Logical DB for ABAP/4 Program
10) SY-DBSYS : System DB System
11) SY-DYNNR : Number of Current Screen
12) SY-INDEX : Number of Loop passes
13) SY-LANGU : SAP Log on Language Key
14) SY-LILLI : Number Of Current List Line
15) SY-LINCT : Number of List Lines
16) SY-LINNO : Current Line for List Creation
17) SY-LINSZ : Line Size of List
18) SY-LISEL : Selected Line for Interactive List
19) SY-LSIND : Number of Secondary List
20) SY-MANDT : Client Number for SAP Log On
21) SY-MSGID : Message ID
22) SY-MSGTY : Message Type
23) SY-MSGNO : Message Number
24) SY-MSGV1 : Message Variable1
25) SY-MSGV2 : Message Variable2
26) SY-MSGV3 : Message Variable3
27) SY-MSGV4 : Message Variable4
28) SY-OPSYS : Operating System

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

29) SY-PAART : Print Format

30) SY-PAGCT : Page Size of List in Report Program
31) SY-PAGNO : Current Page in the List
32) SY-PDEST : Print Output Device
33) SY-PFKEY : Run time Current F key Status
34) SY-REPID : Report Name in ABAP
35) SY-SAPRL : SAP Release
36) SY-SUBRC : Return Value after specific ABAP Statement
37) SY-SYSID : SAP system ID
38) SY-TABIX : Current line of Internal Table
39) SY-TCODE : Current Transaction Code
40) SY-TIMLO : Local Time of User
41) SY-TITLE : Title of ABAP Program
42) SY-TMAXL : Maximum entries in a Internal Table
43) SY-TNAME : Name of Internal Table after first Access
44) SY-UCOMM : Command field Function entry / Function code
45) SY-UNAME – Session : SAP user from Log On
46) SY-ULINE : Underline
47) SY-UZEIT : System Time
48) SY-VLINE : Vertical Bar.

(Note : All Highlighted System Variables are important in SAP ABAP)

Example :
REPORT Z_OMFLOW_SV.

WRITE:/'SY-ABCDE', SY-ABCDE,
/'SY-DATUM', SY-DATUM,
/'SY-DBSYS', SY-DBSYS,
/'SY-HOST ', SY-HOST,
/'SY-LANGU', SY-LANGU,
/'SY-MANDT', SY-MANDT,
/'SY-OPSYS', SY-OPSYS,
/'SY-SAPRL', SY-SAPRL,
/'SY-SYSID', SY-SYSID,
/'SY-TCODE', SY-TCODE,
/'SY-UNAME', SY-UNAME,
/'SY-UZEIT', SY-UZEIT.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

Output :
SY-ABCDE ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
SY-DATUM 12.09.2015
SY-DBSYS ORACLE
SY-HOST sapserver
SY-LANGU EN
SY-MANDT 800
SY-OPSYS Windows NT
SY-SAPRL 700
SY-SYSID DMO
SY-TCODE SE38
SY-UNAME SAPUSER
SY-UZEIT 14:25:48

• T-Code for SAP ABAP :

Transaction codes are used in SAP for getting an easy access to custom applications or to call
predefined processes. Transaction codes are a kind of shortcuts for different applications. Various
categories of transaction codes are defined according to application area and modules. Some
common and most widely used transaction codes are defined below.

1) SE11 : DATA Dictionary or ABAP Dictionary

2) SE14 : Database utility
3) SM30 : Table Maintenance Generator
4) SE37 : Function module Builder
5) SE38 : Program editor or ABAP Editor
6) SA38 : Program execution
7) SE80 : ABAP development workbench
8) SE84 : Object navigator
9) SE18 : BAdI definitions
10) SE19 : BAdI implementations
11) SE24 : Class builder
12) SE71 : SAP script (Form painter)
13) SE91 : Message Handling
14) SE93 : Create New Transaction Code
15) SM35 : Batch Input: session overview
16) SHDB : Batch input recording

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/
 Omkar Darwade

17) SM58 : Transactional RFC

18) SM59 : RFC connections
19) SE41 : Menu Painter
20) SE51 : Screen Painter
21) SE21 : Package Creation
22) SE78 : To Upload the Logo from Desktop to SAP Script
23) SE09/SE10/STMS : Transport Request Organizer
24) BAPI : Business Application Programming Interface
25) OAER : To Upload the Logo from Desktop to SAP Server
26) SMOD : Search Modification
27) CMOD : Create Modification
28) NACE :Condition for Output Control
29) LSMW : Legacy System Migration Workbench
30) SMARTFORMS : Smart forms administration

• Shortforms In SAP ABAP :

1) GUI : Graphical User Interface
2) SAP : System Application Products
3) ERP : Enterprise Resource Planning
4) IDES : International Development Education System
5) ECC : Enterprise Central Component
6) ABAP : Advance Business application Programming
7) S4HANA : Simple 4th Generation High Performance Analytic Appliances
8) SQL : Structural Quary Language
9) FSD : Functional Specifical Document
10) TSD : Technical Specifical Document
11) IT : Internal Table
12) WA : Work Area.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omkar-darwade-988578241/