ECE 333 Logic Circuit

ECE 333 Logic Circuit
and Switching Theory
Text: Digital Design by

M. Morris Mano, 2nd Edition
Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
Course Description
• This course presents the basic tools for the
design of digital circuits and provides
methods and procedures suitable for a
variety of digital design applications.
Grades Appeals / Academics Dishonesty
Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Any
student found to have participated in academic
dishonesty will receive a “5.0” in the course, and
maybe subject to disciplinary action.
The EVSU Students manual prohibits students from

committing the following acts of academic
dishonesty: academic fraud, copying or allowing
one’s work to be copied, fabrication/falsification,
sabotage of other’s work, substitution (ex., taking
an exam for someone else).
Course Content
• 1. Number System
• 2. Other Number System and Number Conversion System
• 3. Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates
• 4. Minimization of Boolean Functions
• 5. Sequential Circuits
• 6. Algorithmic State Machine (ASM)
• 7. Asynchronous Sequential Logic
More…
• A bit more clear please!…
• We will understand how digital circuits work and how we can
design them
• DIGIT: from Latin ‘digitus’ = finger. ‘Any of the Arabic numerals

from 0-9’. ‘One of the elements that combine to form
numbers in a system other then the decimal one’.
• DIGITAL: ‘of/relating to/using calculation by numerical
methods or by discrete units’. ‘relating to data in the form of
numerical digits’
Chapter 1: Number Systems
• Binary Numbers = base 2 (0-1)
• Decimal Numbers = base 10 (0-9)
• Octal Numbers = base 8 (0-7)
• Hexadecimal Numbers = base 16 (0-9, A-F)
• Other Number System
• Number Base Conversions
• Complements
• Signed Binary Numbers
• Binary Codes
DECIMAL NUMBERS
A Base-10 number system
Decimal number 7392 is represented by:
Positional Weight
7 x 103 + 3 x 102 + 9 x 101 + 2 x 100
10^4 10^3 10^2 10^1 10^0

(thousands) (hundreds) (tens) (units)
1000 100 10 1
7 3 9 2
Decimal numbers are represented by any number from 0-9
multiplied by its positional weight:
The aj coefficients are one of the ten digits (0, 1, 2,…,9)
a5105 + a4104 + a3103 + a2102 + a1101 + a0100 +
a-110-1 + a-210-2 + a-310-3
The decimal number system is said to be of base/radix
10, because it uses ten digits and the coefficients are
multiplied by powers of 10.
BINARY NUMBERS:
• The binary system is different with the decimal system having

only two possible values: 0 and 1.
• For example: 11010.11 is 26.75 in decimals, shown from the

multiplication of the coefficients by powers of 2:
25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2
32 16 8 4 2 1 0.5 0.25
1 1 0 1 0 1 1
• 1x24 + 1x23 + 0x22 + 1x21 + 0x20 + 1x2-1 + 1x2-2 = 26.7510
Octal Numbers
• A base-8 number system (0-7)

• Maximum count is 7
• An octal number 346 is represented by:
8-2 82 81 80
512 64 8 1
3 4 6
• 3x82 + 4x81 + 6x80 = 23010
HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS
• For hexadecimal, the letters of the alphabet

are use to supplement the ten decimal digits
when the base of the number is greater than
10.
• Letters A, B, C, D, E and F are used for digits
10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively.
A 10
B 11
C 12
D 13
E 14
F 15
• A hexadecimal number 2B1 is represented by:
163 162 161 160
4096 256 16 1
2 B 1
• 2x16^2 + 11x16^1 + 1x16^0 = 68910
Other Numbers
• In general, a number expressed in base-r
system has coefficients multiplied by powers
of r:
• The coefficients aj range in value from 0 to r -
1.
• Example: (4021.2)5 = 4x53 + 0x52 +2x51 + 1x50
+2x5-1 = (511.4)10
• Note that coefficients for base 5 can be only 0,
1, 2, 3, and 4.
Number Base Conversion
• Note:
• From any base number to decimal, use
Positional Weight.
• From decimal to any base number, use
division for whole #s or multiplication for
decimal pt.
• From binary to octal, use 421 code
• From binary to Hex, use 8421 code
1-3 Number Base Conversions
Binary to Decimal
• A binary number can be converted to a decimal by
forming the sum of the powers of 2 of those
coefficients whose value is 1.
Example:
(1010.011)2 = 23 + 21 + 2-2 + 2-3
= (10.375)10
• The binary number has four 1’s and the decimal
equivalent is found from the sum of four powers of
2.
• ( 1 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 )2
• 1 x 0.125 = 0.125
• 1 x 0.25 = 0.25
• 0 x 0.5 =0
• 0 x 1 =0
• 1 x 2 =2
• 0 x 4 =0
• 1 x 8 =8
• 10.375
•
Decimal to Binary
• Convert decimal 41 to binary.
– Follow these simple steps:
• To do this, divide 41 by 2 to give an integer quotient of
20 and a remainder of ½.
• The quotient is again divided by 2 to give a new
quotient and remainder.
• This process is continued until the integer quotient
becomes 0.
(The process should be shown on the board)
• Read from right to left
• answer: (101001)2
• Other method: Using positional weight: 32 16 8 4 2 1
• Note:
• If # contains decimal point. Multiply the decimal fraction by the radix.
• The following is an example of Octal-to-
decimal conversion:
(630.4)8 = 6 x 82 + 3 x 8 + 4 x 8-1
= 408.5
• The conversion from decimal to binary or to
any other base-r system is more convenient if
the number is separated into an integer part
and a fraction part and the conversion of each
part done separately.
• Convert decimal 153 to octal.
– Follow these simple steps:
• The required base r is 8.
• First, divide 153 by 8 to give an integer quotient of 19
and a remainder of 1.
• Then divide 19 by 8 to give a quotient of 2 and a
remainder of 3.
• Finally, 2 is divided by 8 to give a quotient of 0 and a
remainder of 2.
(Process continued on the board)
• Convert (0.513) to octal.
– 0.513 x 8 = 4.104
– 0.104 x 8 = 0.832
– 0.832 x 8 = 6.656
– 0.656 x 8 = 5.248
– 0.248 x 8 = 1.984
– 0.984 x 8 = 7.872
• The answer, to seven significant figures, is obtained
from the integer part of the products: (0.513)10 =
(0.406517…)8
• Convert (0.6875)10 to binary.
INTEGER FRACTION COEFFICIENTS
– 0.6875 x 2 = 1 + 0.3750 a-1 = 1

– 0.3750 x 2 = 0 + 0.7500 a-2 = 0
– 0.7500 x 2 = 1 + 0.5000 a-3 = 1
– 0.5000 x 2 = 1 + 0.0000 a-4 = 1
Answer: (0.6875)10 = (0.a-1a-2a-3a-4)2 = (0.1011)2
1-4 OCTAL Numbers
• Conversion of binary to octal:
– 10110001101011.111100000110)2
– 10 110 001 101 011 . 111 100 000 110 =
2 6 1 5 3 7 4 0 6
– (26153.7460)8
1-4 Hexadecimal Numbers
• Conversion of binary to hex:
– 10110001101011.11110010)2
– 10 1100 0110 1011 . 1111 0010 =
2 C 6 B F 2
– (2C6B.F2)16
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ECE 333 Logic Circuit

and Switching Theory

Text: Digital Design by

The EVSU Students manual prohibits students from

• DIGIT: from Latin ‘digitus’ = finger. ‘Any of the Arabic numerals

10^4 10^3 10^2 10^1 10^0

• The binary system is different with the decimal system having

• For example: 11010.11 is 26.75 in decimals, shown from the

• A base-8 number system (0-7)

• For hexadecimal, the letters of the alphabet

– 0.6875 x 2 = 1 + 0.3750 a-1 = 1

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